江西省吉安市第四中學(xué)高中英語 Unit 1 Nothing venturednothing gained Grammar課件2 新人教版選修10

Unit 1充當(dāng)定語的有充當(dāng)定語的有: 形容詞、代詞、名形容詞、代詞、名詞、分詞、介詞短語或副詞和從句詞、分詞、介詞短語或副詞和從句.定語定義定語定義英語句子中修飾名詞，代詞或其英語句子中修飾名詞，代詞或其它名詞化了詞的句子成分叫定語。它名詞化了詞的句子成分叫定語。定語的位置一般有兩種：用在所修飾定語的位置一般有兩種：用在所修飾詞之前的叫前置定語，用在所修飾詞詞之前的叫前置定語，用在所修飾詞之后的叫后置定語。之后的叫后置定語。單詞作定語時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞單詞作定語時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語。短語和從句作定之前，作前置定語。短語和從句作定語時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置語時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語。定語。在英語里在英語里, ,一般定語前置時(shí)的次序?yàn)橐话愣ㄕZ前置時(shí)的次序?yàn)? :限限定詞，形容詞、分詞、動名詞和名詞性定詞，形容詞、分詞、動名詞和名詞性定語定語。但當(dāng)幾個(gè)形容詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在名詞。但當(dāng)幾個(gè)形容詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在名詞短語之前短語之前, ,我們要注意其次序。其形容詞我們要注意其次序。其形容詞遵循的詞序?yàn)椋鹤裱脑~序?yàn)椋合抻^形齡色國材，指：限觀形齡色國材，指：限定詞（一般指數(shù)量）；外觀（美麗限定詞（一般指數(shù)量）；外觀（美麗等）；形狀（大小，高矮，肥瘦）；年等）；形狀（大小，高矮，肥瘦）；年齡；顏色；國籍；材料；用途。齡；顏色；國籍；材料；用途。如：如：一一 定語前置定語前置如：如：a famous American universityan interesting little red French oil paintinga new plastic bucketpurple velvet curtainsan elegant German clock1) 描述身體特征的形容詞先于表示情描述身體特征的形容詞先于表示情感和性格特征的形容詞感和性格特征的形容詞例如例如:a small lovely girl , a long patient queue , a pale anxious patient ; 2) 表示顏色的形容詞放在表示情感和表示顏色的形容詞放在表示情感和性格特征的形容詞之后性格特征的形容詞之后例如例如:a kindly black teacher ,an inquisitive brown dog ;另外另外,有些形容詞也有特殊的次序有些形容詞也有特殊的次序:3) little ,old 和和young 有時(shí)可以作為有時(shí)可以作為名詞短語不可分割的一部分名詞短語不可分割的一部分,所以可所以可以直接放在名詞之前以直接放在名詞之前,例如例如:a lovely little girl 表示性格特征的形容詞可表示性格特征的形容詞可以放在以放在old young 之前之前,也可放在也可放在old young 之后之后,例如例如:a young ambitious man (強(qiáng)調(diào)年齡強(qiáng)調(diào)年齡) ,an ambitious young man(強(qiáng)調(diào)雄心強(qiáng)調(diào)雄心勃勃勃勃) 。當(dāng)然。當(dāng)然,三個(gè)以上形容詞連用三個(gè)以上形容詞連用作定語作定語,就顯得累贅就顯得累贅,因此上面所說的因此上面所說的情況一般較少出現(xiàn)。情況一般較少出現(xiàn)。 It was a conference fruitful of results. 那是一個(gè)碩果累累的會議。那是一個(gè)碩果累累的會議。He gave me a basket full of eggs. 他給我一個(gè)裝滿雞蛋的籃子。他給我一個(gè)裝滿雞蛋的籃子。 二二 定語后置定語后置（1）短語作定語一般后置）短語作定語一般后置（English is a language easy to learn but difficult to master. 英語是一門容易學(xué)但是難精通的語言。英語是一門容易學(xué)但是難精通的語言。The boys hardest to teach are all in his class.最難教的男生都在他的班里了。最難教的男生都在他的班里了。 Lets go somewhere quiet. 咱們?nèi)フ覀€(gè)安靜一點(diǎn)的地方吧。咱們?nèi)フ覀€(gè)安靜一點(diǎn)的地方吧。There is nothing important in todays paper. 今天報(bào)紙上沒有什么重要的東西。今天報(bào)紙上沒有什么重要的東西。Do you have anything more to say? 你還有什么話要說嗎你還有什么話要說嗎?（2）修飾）修飾some，any，no，every等詞構(gòu)等詞構(gòu) 成的不定代詞的定語都后置成的不定代詞的定語都后置 The people here are very friendly. 這里的人很友好。這里的人很友好。They lived in the room above.他他們住在樓上的房間。們住在樓上的房間。（3）副詞作定語）副詞作定語 He is a person dependable. 他是一個(gè)可以依靠的人他是一個(gè)可以依靠的人This is the only transportation means available. 這是唯一可行的這是唯一可行的交通工具。交通工具。（4）動詞、名詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的以）動詞、名詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的以-able,-ible 結(jié)尾的形容詞作定語結(jié)尾的形容詞作定語1 Everybody involved should stay here.2 The college mentioned.（5）起強(qiáng)調(diào)用的單個(gè)分詞）起強(qiáng)調(diào)用的單個(gè)分詞1 Fill in the blanks with the words in the _. A. above box B. below box C. box above D. under boxC above副詞作定語應(yīng)后置。副詞作定語應(yīng)后置。2 “Can you find the _”? said the policeman to the little boy. A. way back home B. home way back C. back home way D. back way homeA back副詞作定語應(yīng)后置。副詞作定語應(yīng)后置。3 There wasnt _ in the managers speech. It was boring. A. interesting anything B. something interesting C. anything of interesting D. anything of interestD 作定語用的短語作定語用的短語of interest修飾不定修飾不定代詞時(shí)要后置。這個(gè)句子是否定句，代詞時(shí)要后置。這個(gè)句子是否定句，因此選項(xiàng)因此選項(xiàng)B不對。不對。4 Mr Scott is one of the _ after the terrible earthquake in that village. A. alive survivors B. live survivors C. survivors alive D. living survivorsC 部分以部分以a-開頭的表語形容詞開頭的表語形容詞有時(shí)也可作定語，但須后置。有時(shí)也可作定語，但須后置。5 Yesterday, a Mr Brown, _, came to visit you. A. 28-year-old B. 28 years old C. 28-years-old D. of 28 year oldB 作定語用的形容詞與表示度量的短作定語用的形容詞與表示度量的短語連用時(shí)要后置。但復(fù)合形容詞語連用時(shí)要后置。但復(fù)合形容詞28-year-old只能作前置定語。只能作前置定語。 英語里有大量的定語從句英語里有大量的定語從句,而漢而漢語里卻沒有定語從句的說法。英語里卻沒有定語從句的說法。英語中定語從句中甚至還可能包含語中定語從句中甚至還可能包含定語從句定語從句,即多重定語從句。即多重定語從句。定語從句定語從句如：如： A healthy diet includes enough but not too many kinds of foods that provide the body with the nutrients that it needs to function properly. (健康的飲食包括的食物應(yīng)該充足但又不過健康的飲食包括的食物應(yīng)該充足但又不過多。這些食物提供身體正常活動所必需的多。這些食物提供身體正?；顒铀匦璧臓I養(yǎng)營養(yǎng))1）英語的復(fù)合句中）英語的復(fù)合句中,分句以其主句分句以其主句 為基干為基干,通過連接手段通過連接手段,一層一層一層一層 地展開地展開,就好像一棵樹的樹干上就好像一棵樹的樹干上 長出大枝子長出大枝子,大枝子上再長出小大枝子上再長出小枝枝 子。漢語的分句則更多按照時(shí)間子。漢語的分句則更多按照時(shí)間 發(fā)生的順序出現(xiàn)發(fā)生的順序出現(xiàn),依次展開。依次展開。 如：如： “偉大領(lǐng)袖和導(dǎo)師毛主席領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中國偉大領(lǐng)袖和導(dǎo)師毛主席領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中國共產(chǎn)黨進(jìn)行了艱苦卓絕的斗爭共產(chǎn)黨進(jìn)行了艱苦卓絕的斗爭,建立了新建立了新中國中國,人民得到了解放人民得到了解放,科學(xué)得到了解放?？茖W(xué)得到了解放?！边@句話這句話,譯成英語便成了譯成英語便成了With the founding of new China (which was) born of arduous struggles (which were) waged by the Chinese Communist Party (which was) under the leadership of our great leader and teacher Chairman Mao , our people , and science as well , won emancipation.2）英語中的非限制性定語從句所表達(dá)）英語中的非限制性定語從句所表達(dá)的的 信息信息,在漢語里一般由另一個(gè)小句來在漢語里一般由另一個(gè)小句來 表達(dá)。表達(dá)。She asked for his help which he gladly gave. 她要求他幫忙她要求他幫忙,他愉快地幫助了她。他愉快地幫助了她。定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1 This is the longest train _ I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. what D. whom2 I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the farm _ you visited last week. A. when, where B. which, which C. when , which D. which , where 3 He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. them C. that D. which4 Did you see the man _ ? A.I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. whom I nodded to him D. whom I nodded to just now5 Willma won three Olympic gold medals in track, _ made her mother very happy. A. it B. that C. which D. this 6 The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 7 Is there any other reader wants to renew his book? A. who B. whom C. whose D. which1. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games_ in Beijing in 2008. (2006 四四川川) A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held2. Look out! Dont get too close to the house_ roof is under repair. (2006福建）福建） A. whose B. which C. of which D. what3. In an hour, we can travel to places _ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. (2006 上上海）海） A. where B. when C. which D. what4. After two years research, we now have a _ better understanding of the disease. (2007 全國全國卷卷II) A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite5. It isnt socially _for parents to leave children unattended at that age. (2007 山東山東) Aaccessible Badorable Cadaptable Dacceptable 6. We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people, most of _are healthy. (2007 北京北京)A. that B. which C. what D. whom7. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. (2007 重慶重慶) A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which8. The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad(2007 上海春上海春) Athat Ball that Call what Dwhich