高考英語一輪總復(fù)習 第一部分 教材知識梳理 Unit 24 Society課件 北師大版選修8

Unit 24Unit 24SocietySociety重點短語重點句型重點單詞1.voluntary adj.自愿的volunteer n.志愿者 vi.& vi.自愿做2.abundant adj.大量的abundance n.豐富;充裕3.deposit vt.& vi.存儲,儲蓄4.govern vt.支配;控制 vt.& vi.管理,統(tǒng)治,治理governor n.統(tǒng)治者;管理者;理事government n.政府;統(tǒng)治5.accumulate v.積累accumulation n.積聚,積累6.ownership n.所有權(quán)owner n.所有人;物主7.burden n.重擔,負擔 vt.使煩惱;使負重;裝載重點短語重點句型重點單詞8.vacant adj.未住人的,空置的vacancyn.空缺;空白9.adjustment n.調(diào)整;調(diào)節(jié)adjust vt.&vi.適應(yīng);調(diào)整,調(diào)節(jié)10.diverse adj.各種各樣diversity n.多樣性11.bare adj.赤裸的 vt.使裸露12.resign vt.辭去(某職務(wù)) vi.辭職resignation n.辭職;辭呈13.delete vt.刪除deletion n.刪除14.shrink vi.(使)收縮,縮小15.virtue n.優(yōu)點,長處 重點短語重點句型重點單詞16.framework n.構(gòu)架,結(jié)構(gòu)17.feast n.盛宴,宴會18.elect vt.選舉;推選election n.選舉19.merciful adj.寬大的,仁慈的mercy n.仁慈;憐憫;寬恕20.sow vt.&vi.播(種)21.collision n.相撞collide vi.碰撞;互撞22.wag vt.搖擺,擺動23.rot vt.&vi.腐爛24.skip vt.跳過重點短語重點句型重點單詞25.edition n.版本edit vt.剪輯;編輯;校對26.cast vt.投下27.undertake vt.著手做,從事undertook (過去式)undertaken (過去分詞)28.squeeze vt.擠;壓榨 vi.施加壓力29.thirst n.口渴thirsty adj.口渴的;渴望的30.relay vt.轉(zhuǎn)達,傳送31.spoonful n.一匙之量spoonn.匙,調(diào)羹32.sentencen.判決;句子 vt.判決;宣判 重點短語重點句型重點單詞33.abolish vt.廢除abolishment n.廢除;取消34.moreover adv.再者,此外35.furthermore adv.此外,而且36.consequently adv.所以,因此consequent adj.作為結(jié)果的;隨之發(fā)生的;合乎邏輯的consequence n.結(jié)果;后果;重要性;影響37.swing vi.搖動swung (過去式/過去分詞)38.spiritual adj.信教的spirit n.精神39.prayer n.祈禱,禱告pray vt.祈禱;懇求重點短語重點句型重點單詞40.merchant n.商人41.suck vt.含在嘴里吮食 重點短語重點句型重點單詞e into being形成,存在2.wind sb.up故意惹惱某人(尤指開玩笑)3.show off 炫耀,夸耀4.knock into sb. 撞上某人5.turning point轉(zhuǎn)折點6.break into闖入7.on principle原則上8.sentence sb.to death判某人死刑 重點短語重點句型重點單詞1.有時,我們會儲蓄一些錢或者將錢兌換成不同國家的貨幣,希望能夠賺取更多的錢。Sometimes we try to deposit a little or change our money into different countries currencies in the hope that we can make even more money.2.這些抵制組織堅持要把我們的一部分錢分給第三世界。Protest groups are insisting that some of our money （should）be given to the third world.3.我們的社會早應(yīng)該認真考慮這些問題了。As a society,its high time that we took/should take these issues more seriously.4.我寧愿你不在我面前咬指甲。Id rather you didnt bite your fingernails in front of me.5.應(yīng)該強迫犯人們?nèi)趧佣皇前阉麄儺敹燃俅宓亩燃僬摺risoners should be made to work and not be treated as holiday makers at a holiday camp. Every year,numerous 1.foreigners(foreign) flock to China for sightseeing.And what strikes them most are Beijings hutongs,as they offer 2.visitors(visit) a rare view into Chinas past.Hutong means more than just the alleys that connect the rectangular courtyards.And today 3.it refers to the courtyards and even to the communities living there as well.Early from the 13th century,in order to better 4.govern(government) the city,the Emperors then had houses built around courtyards.At the 5.entrance(enter) of various hutongs soldiers were stationed 6.to monitor(monitor) the people inside.In the center of Beijing sat the Forbidden City,the Emperors home with 7.various/varied(vary) hutongs around it.Actually,hutongs connected both peoples homes and lives,where they shared the joy and sorrow in life,creating a network of people working,playing and living together.8.However ,towards the end of the Qing Dynasty,hutongs were poorly built to house the increasing population as the political situation cast a dark cloud on Chinas economy. Bejings hutongs 9.have taken(take) on a new look ever since the PRC was founded,which today not only link Beijings streets and communities but also its past and present,10.showing(show) Beijing an ancient yet modern city. 重點短語重點句型重點單詞governvt.支配;控制;管制,制約 vt.& vi.管理,統(tǒng)治,治理Besides,were all taxpayers so the more we earn the more tax we have to pay to those who govern us.此外,我們都是納稅人,因此,我們掙得越多,就要向政府交更多的稅。(教材原句P34)常見用法govern sb.管理某人govern ones behavior支配某人的行為govern ones temper控制某人的脾氣govern a country/city/school治理國家/城市/學校Riches either serve or govern the possessor.財富可以服務(wù)于主人,也可以支配主人。 Govern yourself and youll be able to govern the world.能控制自己,就能控制世界。 Who are the men who really govern this country?誰是這個國家的真正統(tǒng)治者? 重點短語重點句型重點單詞拓展延伸1.governor n.統(tǒng)治者,總督2.government n.政府be in government 執(zhí)政,當權(quán)現(xiàn)學活用單句填空1.If one cant adapt to the environment,he must learn to govern himself .2.The Labour Party was in government from 1964 to 1970. 重點短語重點句型重點單詞burdenn.負擔,重擔 vt.使煩惱;使負重;裝載Instead,they feel like a burden because every month we have to hand over most of the money we earn to pay for them.相反,感覺它們就像一種負擔,因為每個月我們都要將掙來的大部分的錢交出來支付還款。(教材原句P34)His illness placed an intolerable burden on his family.他的病給家庭帶來了無法承受的負擔。常見用法1.be a hurden to sb.對某人來說是負擔bear/carry/reduce/share the burden承受/擔負/減少/分擔重擔2.burden sb./oneself with sth.使某人/自己擔負某物be burdened with.負重重點短語重點句型重點單詞I dont want to be a burden to my children when Im old.我不想在年老的時候成為孩子們的負擔。 We decided not to burden him with the news.我們決定不拿這個消息去煩他。 現(xiàn)學活用用burden的相關(guān)短語完成句子1.作為父親,無論多么窮,他都應(yīng)承擔起照顧兒子的重擔。As a father,he should bear the burden of looking after his son no matter how poor he is.2.我們高三學生壓力很重,因為我們有做不完的家庭作業(yè)和考不完的試。We Senior 3 students are burdened with much pressure,for we have endless homework to do and numerous exams to take. 重點短語重點句型重點單詞resignvt.辭去(某職務(wù)) vi.辭職His boss insisted that he work longer hours so he resigned.他的老板堅持要求他工作更長時間,所以他辭職了。(教材原句P35)常見用法resign ones post/position 辭職resign as辭去之職resign from從辭職resign oneself to順從于;聽任擺布He resigned his post as headmaster.他辭去了校長的職務(wù)。 Two members will resign from the board.董事會將有兩名成員辭職。 I will resign myself to your guidance.我愿意聽從你的指導(dǎo)。 重點短語重點句型重點單詞現(xiàn)學活用單句填空1.He resigned as manager after eight years.2.He went against the advice of his colleagues and resigned(resign).3.They are intending to resign from the committee. 重點短語重點句型重點單詞electvt.選舉;推選常見用法elect sb.(as/to be) 選舉某人為elect sb.to.選舉某人進入elect to do sth.選擇或決定做某事Ronald Reagan was first elected as president in 1980.羅納德里根于1980年首次當選總統(tǒng)。 She was elected to Parliament in 1988.她于1988年入選議會。 Increasing numbers of people elect to work from home nowadays.現(xiàn)在越來越多的人選擇在家工作。 重點短語重點句型重點單詞拓展延伸election n.選舉,推選;選舉權(quán);當選run/stand for election 參加競選現(xiàn)學活用用elect的相關(guān)用法完成句子1.美國人民每隔4年選一次總統(tǒng)。Americans elect a president every four years.2.我對你當選為學生會主席表示祝賀。I wish to congratulate you on your being elected chairman of the Students Union.3.你可以選擇刪掉或保存這條信息。You can elect to delete the message or save it. 重點短語重點句型重點單詞undertakevt.著手做;從事;承擔;答應(yīng)Conditions improved a great deal and the government undertook the preservation of many of the oldest hutongs.胡同的條件得到了很大的改善,政府著手對很多最古老的胡同進行了修繕和保護。(教材原句P38)常見用法undertake sth.著手/承擔/從事某事undertake to do sth.答應(yīng)/著手做某事undertake that.保證The lawyer undertook the case without a fee.這位律師免費承辦那個案子。 Will you undertake to let him know what has happened?你能答應(yīng)會把發(fā)生的事情告訴他嗎? 重點短語重點句型重點單詞現(xiàn)學活用完成句子1.他答應(yīng)在星期五以前完成那項工作。He undertook to finish the job by Friday.2.我保證你會喜歡這次旅行。I can undertake that you will enjoy the trip. 重點短語重點句型重點單詞squeeze vt.擠;壓榨 vi.施加壓力They can walk up Sanmiao Street,which dates back 900 years,wander down Rongxianthe longest hutong at 2km or squeeze through Qianshithe narrowest at only 40cm wide.他們可以沿著有900年歷史的三廟街往前走,徘徊于2千米寬的絨線胡同或者擠進只有40厘米寬的錢市胡同。(教材原句P38)常見用法squeeze sth.out把某物擠出來squeeze sth.out of/from.把某物從擠出squeeze into/through.擠進squeeze up (使)擠緊She squeezed some juice from a lemon.她從一只檸檬中擠出了一些汁。Could you squeeze up and let me sit down?擠一擠讓我坐下好嗎? 重點短語重點句型重點單詞現(xiàn)學活用完成句子1.我們倆人如果擠緊點,他就有地方了。If we two squeeze up,therell be room for him.2.你是如何擠出更多時間來做你想做的事情的?How can you squeeze out more time to do what you want?3.那條狗擠過了小小的墻洞。The dog squeezed through/into the small hole in the wall. 重點短語重點句型重點單詞sentencen.判決;句子 vt.判決;宣判I am totally against harder sentences on principle and really feel the death penalty should be abolished.原則上我完全反對更嚴厲的判決,而且我真的認為應(yīng)該廢除死刑。(教材原句P40)常見用法1.sentence for 因而判刑sentence (sb.) to判處(某人)be sentenced to.被判處(徒刑)be sentenced to death被判死刑2.under sentence 被判刑make a sentence/sentences (with) (用)造句Ten army officers were sentenced to death.十名軍官被判處死刑。 重點短語重點句型重點單詞The judge sentenced him to do hard labor.法官判他服勞役。 Please make a sentence with the following words given.請用下面所給的詞造句。 現(xiàn)學活用單句填空1.The murderer was sentenced to death for having killed his wife.2.Have you gone through these sentences(sentence)? 重點短語重點句型重點單詞come into being 形成,存在If laws such as these came into being,a huge adjustment would be required and there would certainly be diverse reactions.如果像這樣的法律存在的話,社會將需要做巨大的調(diào)整,而且人們的反應(yīng)也一定會各有不同。(教材原句P34)拓展延伸come into existence 開始存在;產(chǎn)生come into power 上臺執(zhí)政come into view/sight 出現(xiàn)come into force/effect 開始生效come into use 投入使用come into fashion 開始流行 重點短語重點句型重點單詞易錯警示come into being多用作不及物動詞短語;而bring.into being是及物動詞短語,表示“使產(chǎn)生”之意。This rule was brought into being because the old law was obsolete.舊的法規(guī)已完全過時,因此(政府)制定了這項條例?，F(xiàn)學活用根據(jù)括號內(nèi)所給漢語意思,用適當?shù)亩陶Z填空1.The new environmental regulation has come into force/effect(生效)since last year.2.People have different opinions about how these hot words came into use(使用). 重點短語重點句型重點單詞show off 炫耀,夸耀拓展延伸show sb.out 領(lǐng)著某人出去show sb.in 領(lǐng)著某人進來show sb.round/around sp.領(lǐng)著某人參觀某地show up 出現(xiàn);到來The headmaster showed the visitors around our school yesterday.昨天校長帶那些來賓參觀了我們學校。He promised to come but did not show up in the end.他答應(yīng)要來,但最后沒有出現(xiàn)。 重點短語重點句型重點單詞現(xiàn)學活用完成句子1.把人們領(lǐng)進醫(yī)生的診室是護士工作的一部分。Part of the nurses job is to show people in to the doctors office.2.一位女警察在那張紙條上涂上化學藥品,一行字跡清晰地顯示了出來。A policewoman put some chemicals on the piece of paper,and a line of words showed up clearly . 重點短語重點句型重點單詞knock into撞到;偶然碰到常見用法knock into sb.撞上某人sth.knock into sth.某物與某物相撞knock.into.把插/撞/敲/打入中I knocked into an old friend of mine in the park.我昨天在公園里碰見一位老朋友。 I saw a car knock into a bus this morning.今天上午我看見一輛小車與公交車撞到了一起。 Then they knocked a stick into the earth.然后他們把木棒插入泥土中。 重點短語重點句型重點單詞詞義辨析1.knock into.意為“撞在上”。into是介詞,只能位于其賓語前。Look out!Dont knock into others.小心!別撞上別人。2.knock down意為“撞倒,打倒”。down為副詞,賓語是名詞時,down可位于名詞前或后;賓語是人稱代詞時,down必須位于賓語后。The car knocked the house down(=knocked down the house).小汽車把房子給撞倒了。Be careful with the little trees.Dont knock them down.注意這些小樹,不要把它們撞倒了。3.knock at/on意為“有節(jié)奏地輕敲”。它常用來表示“敲門、窗等” 。Knock on the window pane; they may be in.敲一下玻璃窗,他們或許在里面。 重點短語重點句型重點單詞現(xiàn)學活用用knock的相關(guān)短語的適當形式填空1.The driver lost control of his car and it knocked into a tree.2.I am so hurried as to knock into my teacher.3.The man is knocked down by the bicycle.4.There is someone knocking at the door. 重點短語重點句型重點單詞Its time (that).句型As a society its high time that we took these issues more seriously.我們的社會早應(yīng)該認真考慮這些問題了。(教材原句P34)“Its time (that).”是固定句式,意為“是的時候了”。句子中的time前可加high,about等修飾詞,其后接that從句時要用虛擬語氣,從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時,或者用should do的形式。拓展延伸1.It is time for sth.“到了的時間了”。It is time for bed.到了睡覺的時間了。2.It is time (for sb.) to do sth.“到了(某人)做某事的時間了”。It is time (for you) to sleep.到了(你)睡覺的時間了。 重點短語重點句型重點單詞3.It is/was the first/second.time that.“這是某人第一/二次”。其中,主句是一般現(xiàn)在時,that從句用現(xiàn)在完成時;主句是一般過去時,that從句用過去完成時。It is the first time that I have won a speech contest.這是我首次贏得演講比賽。That was the last time that I had asked you for money.那是我最后一次向你要錢?，F(xiàn)學活用單句改錯1.It is the first time that I have an international examination.(在have后加had)2.It was the last time that we have ever been to see him alive.(have改為had)3.It is high time that we make everything ready for the meeting.(make改為made或在make前加should) 重點短語重點句型重點單詞would rather.寧愿Id rather you didnt bite your fingernails in front of me.我寧愿你不要在我面前咬指甲。(教材原句P35)1.would rather常省略為“-d rather”,表優(yōu)先選擇的一種方式。無人稱、數(shù)、詞性和時態(tài)的變化,所有的人稱情況均用would rather。2.would rather do sth.意為“寧愿做某事”,相當于prefer to do sth.。Hed rather work in the countryside.他寧可到農(nóng)村去工作。3.would rather+從句,意為“寧愿,還是好些”,是常用的虛擬語氣句型,引導(dǎo)從句的that常省略。謂語一般用過去時來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?在談到過去的動作時,謂語則用過去完成時。John wants to see me today.I would rather he came tomorrow than today.約翰想今天見我。我寧愿他明天來而不是今天來。 重點短語重點句型重點單詞4.否定形式:would rather not do sth.。Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music.李先生寧愿不聽搖滾樂。5.常用句型:would rather do.than do.=would do.rather than do.“寧愿而不愿;與其倒不如”。I would rather go to work by bike than by bus.我寧愿騎自行車去上班而不愿開車去?，F(xiàn)學活用單句改錯1.I would rather you come by train tomorrow rather than by plane.(come改為came)2.He would rather stay at home than to go out for a walk.(刪除to) 一、單句填空1.(2015陜西高考改編)Her owner Mike Holden (panic) and called the coastguard of Cornwall,who turned up in seconds.panicked。根據(jù)and后的謂語為過去式可知這里也應(yīng)用過去式。panic的過去式為panicked。2.(2015湖南高考改編)He suddenly glanced me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?”at。句意:他突然看了我一眼然后輕聲問道,“你為什么那樣盯著我?”glance at“掃視,匆匆一瞥”。3.(2014浙江高考改編)Amie Salmon,disabled,is attended throughout her school days by a nurse (appoint) to guard her.appointed。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,appoint與nurse構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,所以填寫其過去分詞形式。句意:Amie Salmon身有殘疾,在她的學業(yè)生涯中,專門有一個指定的護士來照顧她。 4.(2014福建高考改編)It is widely acknowledged that students should (evaluate) in terms of overall quality.be evaluated。evaluate“評價,評估”,在此構(gòu)成被動句。句意:大家普遍認為學生們應(yīng)該得到全面的評價。5.(2014山東高考改編)This apple pie is too sweet,dont you think so?Not really.I think its just right, (actual).actually。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾前面整個句子。6.(2014重慶高考改編)Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and (vary) program thats fun as well as progressive.varied/various。vary的形容詞有varied和various兩種形式。句意:重復(fù)做一件事情會令人生厭,關(guān)鍵是要制定出先進、有趣且協(xié)調(diào)、多變的規(guī)劃。7.(2013四川高考改編)Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless (equip)simply for huge profit contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people.equipment。equip“裝備,配備”,其名詞為equipment。句意:為賺取巨額利潤你銷售大量無用設(shè)備的欺騙行為造成了無辜者的傷亡。8.(2013湖北高考改編)Poetry written from the perspective of the urban youth tends to reveal their (anxious) over a lack of sense of belonging.anxiety。anxious為形容詞,其對應(yīng)的名詞為anxiety。句意:以都市青年的視角所作的詩往往會展示出他們?nèi)狈w屬感的焦慮。9.(2013湖南高考改編)The sun began to rise in the sky,(bathe) the mountain in golden light.bathing。句意:太陽開始從東方升起,整座山都沐浴在金色的陽光之中?！吧姐逶≡诮鹕年柟庵小迸c“太陽升起”是同時發(fā)生的,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。bathe的意思是“使沐浴,使籠罩,使沉浸在”。10.Dont litter in the street in Singapore,you could be arrested.or。根據(jù)語境可知此處應(yīng)用or表“否則”。 二、單元話題微寫作網(wǎng)上購物根據(jù)提示,將以下句子連成一篇英語短文。1.20世紀90年代,網(wǎng)上購物在中國出現(xiàn)。(initially;come into being)2.網(wǎng)上有各種各樣可供選擇的商品,人們可以根據(jù)需求隨時做出調(diào)整。(diverse;adjustment)3.網(wǎng)上購物省時、省力、省錢,讓人們足不出戶便可買到稱心的東西,大大減輕了人們的負擔。(save;in the flesh)4.所以,原則上來說網(wǎng)購會越來越受消費者的喜愛。(consequently;in principle)Shopping online initially came into being in China in the 1990s.There are diverse goods on line for people to choose,thus,people can make adjustments at any time according to their needs.Online shopping allows people to buy whatever they want,saving them a lot of time,energy and money and avoiding the trouble of visiting the shops in the flesh.Consequently,online shopping will be more and more popular among consumers in principle.