高二英語《UNIT1 GREAT SCIENTISTSREADING》高中課件

Unit 1 Great Scientists-Reading（2） Eight Planets In the Solar System Mercury 水星Venus 金星Earth 地球Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Eight Planets In the Solar System:My Very Easy Method: Just Set Up Nine Planets.Copernicus born: in Poland in 1473 died : May 24, 1543 Copernicus Revolutionary TheoryHe was one of the first He was one of the first scientists to use scientists to use mathematical mathematical observationsobservations to collect to collect information. He information. He believed believed the sun is the the sun is the center of the universecenter of the universe and and the earth and other the earth and other planets went around itplanets went around it. . 1. Read paragraph 1 and fill in the table.Before Copernicus theoryShowing Copernicus theoryPeople believed God had People believed God had made the world and for the made the world and for the reason the earth was special reason the earth was special and must be centre of the and must be centre of the solar system.solar system.The earth is at the center of The earth is at the center of the solar system, and the the solar system, and the Sun and the other planets go Sun and the other planets go around it.around it.Only if you put the sun there Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the did the movements of the other planets in the sky other planets in the sky make sense. make sense. The Sun is at the center of The Sun is at the center of the solar system, and the the solar system, and the Earth and the other planets Earth and the other planets go around it.go around it.Only ifOnly if you put the sun there you put the sun there did did the movements of the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有當(dāng)你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星只有當(dāng)你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說得清楚。的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說得清楚。 only if only if 只有；只要。當(dāng)以只有；只要。當(dāng)以onlyonly引導(dǎo)的短語或狀語從引導(dǎo)的短語或狀語從句放于句首時(shí)，為了加強(qiáng)語氣，句子需要倒裝。句放于句首時(shí)，為了加強(qiáng)語氣，句子需要倒裝。Only if you work hard Only if you work hard cancan you improve your you improve your English. English. 2.What problems did 2.What problems did astronomers notice when astronomers notice when they looked into the sky?they looked into the sky?(Para(Para 2) 2) They had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，天上有些行星停頓下來，往后天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，天上有些行星停頓下來，往后移動(dòng)，然后再成環(huán)狀向前移動(dòng)，而其他行星看移動(dòng)，然后再成環(huán)狀向前移動(dòng)，而其他行星看上去有時(shí)亮些，有時(shí)又不怎么亮。上去有時(shí)亮些，有時(shí)又不怎么亮。3.When did Copernicus complete his theory? (Para 3)Between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.4. In his letter to his friend, how did Copernicus explain his revolutionary theory ? (Para 4)First, he placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. Second, he also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round it and this explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. 他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置，而行星圍繞著太他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置，而行星圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)，只有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。陽轉(zhuǎn)，只有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。他還提出地球在圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)的同時(shí)，它本身還自轉(zhuǎn)，他還提出地球在圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)的同時(shí)，它本身還自轉(zhuǎn)，這樣就說明了行星運(yùn)動(dòng)的變化情況以及星球的亮度問這樣就說明了行星運(yùn)動(dòng)的變化情況以及星球的亮度問題。題。 5.Why did he fear to publish his idea when his friends encouraged him? (para 4) Because he did not want to Because he did not want to be attacked bybe attacked by the the Church, he only published it as Church, he only published it as he lay dyinghe lay dying in in 1543.1543. 他不想遭到基督教教會(huì)勢(shì)力的攻擊，所他不想遭到基督教教會(huì)勢(shì)力的攻擊，所以他只在以他只在15431543臨終前才把它公布出來。臨終前才把它公布出來。 6. Why do people think that there is a direct link between his ideas and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking?Because his theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. He showed this was obviously wrong.因?yàn)樗睦碚撌俏覀冇钪嬗^賴以建立的基礎(chǔ)，他的觀點(diǎn)因?yàn)樗睦碚撌俏覀冇钪嬗^賴以建立的基礎(chǔ)，他的觀點(diǎn)還改變了基督教對(duì)地心引力的卡法，他們認(rèn)為物體往地還改變了基督教對(duì)地心引力的卡法，他們認(rèn)為物體往地球上掉落是因?yàn)樯系蹌?chuàng)造了地球，而地球是宇宙的中心，球上掉落是因?yàn)樯系蹌?chuàng)造了地球，而地球是宇宙的中心，哥白尼證明這是明顯錯(cuò)誤的哥白尼證明這是明顯錯(cuò)誤的1) 這個(gè)句子，好像一點(diǎn)也講不通。這個(gè)句子，好像一點(diǎn)也講不通。 The sentence doesnt seem to make sense.2) 你編的故事我聽不明白。你編的故事我聽不明白。 Your story doesnt make sense to me.1 make sense 講得通；有道理講得通；有道理Language points2 enthusiastic: be interested in 熱情的熱情的; 熱心的熱心的 Shes very _ singing. We explain our plan, and he is very_.enthusiastic about / overenthusiasticenthusiastic enthusiasm enthusiastically She shows boundless _ for the work. She greeted him _ with a kiss. She is very _ about Eastern music.enthusiasmenthusiasticallyenthusiastic If you dont like Tom, you may r_ his gift. If you dont think the suggestion is suitable for you, you may r_ it.ejecteject3 reject vt. 拒絕拒絕; 不接受不接受; 丟棄丟棄He rejected their offer of a job. 他拒絕了他們給他的工作。他拒絕了他們給他的工作。rejectan offera possibilitya theoryrefuse to acceptThe guard warned me to be cautious about strangers.My father is a very cautious driver.警衛(wèi)告戒我要當(dāng)心陌生人。警衛(wèi)告戒我要當(dāng)心陌生人。我的爸爸是一位非常謹(jǐn)慎的司機(jī)。我的爸爸是一位非常謹(jǐn)慎的司機(jī)。4 cautious: careful to avoid risk be cautious about / of sb. / sth. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)，只有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。 with the planets going round it是with + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常作定語或狀語，作賓補(bǔ)的可以是介詞短語、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞不定式等?，F(xiàn)將其基本形式歸納如下：(1) With + n./pron. + 介詞短語 He sat there with a smile on his face.(2) With + n./pron. + 副詞 With Mr Smith away, weve got more room.(3) With + n./pron. + 不定式 With so much work to do, he could not go home.(4) With + n./pron. + 現(xiàn)在分詞 The street was quiet with no buses running.(5) With + n./pron. + 過去分詞 In came a man with his hands tied back.(6) With + n./pron. + 形容詞 He wrote a shirt, with the neck open, showing his bare chest.Discussion: If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years? Why? As a scientist, Copernicus was more cautious than coward. If he had published his ideas at his time, he would have been killed just as Bruno who was burnt to death because his theory was against the Christian Churchs. Every time a new idea appears, there are always rejections. Its normal. Scientists should have patience to spread their truth. As a scientist, one should be brave. But Copernicus was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church. So he had hidden his theory for so many years. What do you think of this? Agree:1.He was cautious. if he had published his ideas, he would have been killed just as Bruno who was burned to death because his theory was against the Christian Church.2.Every time a new idea appears, there are always rejections. Its normal. Scientists should have patience to spread their truth.3.It made no sense for him to publish his theory in a hurry. He was just cautious not coward. He should protect himself first. Disagree:1.Copernicus was very coward. He should speak out his discovery and let the world know the truth earlier.2.Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs.3.As a scientist, you must have the courage to publish your findings. No matter how people oppose them, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong. Write a short letter asking Copernicus to publish his ideas so everyone can read them.Write a short letter asking Copernicus (not) to publish his ideas so everyone can read themOne possible version:Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope you will publish it for several reasons.I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets move is not what you would expect if the earth was the center of the universe. It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change. So I agree with you that we need a new theory. Yours sincerely, Lin QiI know your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Now you must have the courage to publish them. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory. No matter how people oppose it, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong.So I hope you will feel you can publish your new theory.