七年級(jí)英語Unit2 What is happiness to yougrammar(ppt)牛津版選修六

Module 6 Unit 2 Grammar and Usage一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)1.1. 一般過去時(shí)用來表示過去的動(dòng)作及狀態(tài)一般過去時(shí)用來表示過去的動(dòng)作及狀態(tài). .表示過去的表示過去的習(xí)慣常用習(xí)慣常用used to do, would doused to do, would do表示表示. . 2.2. 一般過去時(shí)常連用表過去的時(shí)間狀語，狀語從句甚一般過去時(shí)常連用表過去的時(shí)間狀語，狀語從句甚至其它類型從句和表過去的地點(diǎn)狀語，地點(diǎn)狀語從至其它類型從句和表過去的地點(diǎn)狀語，地點(diǎn)狀語從句來限定一發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作句來限定一發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作. .3. 3. 一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)均表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)均表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作, ,但前者側(cè)重過去的事實(shí)但前者側(cè)重過去的事實(shí), ,后者側(cè)重過去的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在后者側(cè)重過去的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在的影響的影響. .- My computer wrong although I used it only once. - youd better go to check it.has gonewent*-Long time no see. Havent you graduated from college? -Yes I English for 4 years in Nantong.*-What _ it, Ted? -Just a pain in my shoulder. Its gone now. A. was B. is have studiedstudiedA試比較試比較:1. I cant enter the room now because I _ (lose) my key.2. I cant find my text book now, but I _ (put) it here.have lostput過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表示過去某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. .2.2.與與always continually, constantlyalways continually, constantly等詞連用表示過去的等詞連用表示過去的經(jīng)常動(dòng)作經(jīng)常動(dòng)作, ,往往帶有感情色彩往往帶有感情色彩. .3.3.用于表述故事的發(fā)生背景用于表述故事的發(fā)生背景 It was getting dark and the wind wasIt was getting dark and the wind wasrising.rising. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)在近年高考中的考查過去進(jìn)行時(shí)在近年高考中的考查:1. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. - Where was i? - You _you didnt like your fathers job. (04 北京) A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying 2. You were out when I dropped in at your house. (04 廣東) - Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited CA3. Has Sam finished his homework today? - I have no idea. He _ it this morning. (04吉林) A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 4. Whats wrong with your coat? (05 重慶) - Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it. A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting CD 一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別 1. 一般過去時(shí)表示在過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的一般過去時(shí)表示在過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的 狀態(tài)（包括過去習(xí)慣動(dòng)作），常與狀態(tài)（包括過去習(xí)慣動(dòng)作），常與JUST NOW, A MOMENT AGO, YESTERDAY, LAST WEEK(MONTH, YEAR), THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY及表及表示過去示過去 的時(shí)間狀語從句。如的時(shí)間狀語從句。如 I WAS SIXTEEN YEARS OLD LAST YEAR. HE WORKED IN A FACTORY IN 1986. I MET HER IN THE STREET THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY. HE OFTEN SWAM IN THE RIVER WHEN HE WAS YOUNG.2. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在 進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與之連用的時(shí)間狀語有，進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與之連用的時(shí)間狀語有，AT THAT TIME/MOMENT, (AT) THIS TIME YESTERDAY (LAST NIGHT/SUNDAY/WEEK), AT+點(diǎn)鐘點(diǎn)鐘+YESTERDAY (LAST NIGHT / SUNDAY)，WHEN SB. DID STH等時(shí)等時(shí) 間狀語從句。間狀語從句。 WHAT WERE YOU DOING AT SEVEN P.M. YESTERDAY? I FIRST MET MARY THREE YEARS AGO. SHE WAS WORKING AT A RADIO SHOP AT THE TIME. I WAS COOKING WHEN SHE KNOCKED AT THE DOOR.3. 一般過去時(shí)往往表示某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，而過去一般過去時(shí)往往表示某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，而過去 進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動(dòng)作在持續(xù)或未完成。進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動(dòng)作在持續(xù)或未完成。 I SAW YOU WHILE YOU WERE SPEAKING TO JOAN. 注意：有的過去時(shí)間狀語既可用于一般過去時(shí)，注意：有的過去時(shí)間狀語既可用于一般過去時(shí)， 也可用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，但含義不同。如：也可用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，但含義不同。如： SHE WROTE A LETTER TO HER FRIEND LAST NIGHT. 她昨晚給她的朋友寫了封信。（信寫完了）她昨晚給她的朋友寫了封信。（信寫完了） SHE WAS WRITING A LETTER TO HER FRIEND LAST NIGHT. 她昨晚一直在給她的朋友寫信她昨晚一直在給她的朋友寫信.（信不一定寫（信不一定寫 完）完）4. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語從句過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語從句(1). WHEN 和和WHILE引導(dǎo)的狀語從句引導(dǎo)的狀語從句 WHILE表示一段時(shí)間，因此它所引導(dǎo)的狀語表示一段時(shí)間，因此它所引導(dǎo)的狀語從從 句中，謂語動(dòng)詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，如：句中，謂語動(dòng)詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，如： WHEN/WHILE WE WERE HAVING SUPPER, THE LIGHT WENT OUT.(2). WHEN用作并列連詞時(shí)，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生用作并列連詞時(shí)，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的的 過程中，另一個(gè)意想不到的動(dòng)作發(fā)生了。過程中，另一個(gè)意想不到的動(dòng)作發(fā)生了。 I WAS WALKING IN THE STREET WHEN SOMEONE CALLED ME. 我正在街上走時(shí)突然有人喊我。我正在街上走時(shí)突然有人喊我。5. 下面幾種情況不用一般過去時(shí)而要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：下面幾種情況不用一般過去時(shí)而要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：(1). 表示過去某一階段暫時(shí)性的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作時(shí)。表示過去某一階段暫時(shí)性的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作時(shí)。 TOM WAS GETTING UP AT SIX OCLOCK EVERY DAY THAT WEEK. 湯姆那一周里每天都是六點(diǎn)鐘起床。湯姆那一周里每天都是六點(diǎn)鐘起床。(2). 與與ALWAYS, CONSTANTLY 等連用表示贊美，厭煩等等連用表示贊美，厭煩等感情色彩時(shí)。感情色彩時(shí)。 JOHN WAS ALWAYS COMING TO SCHOOL LATE. HE WAS ALWAYS DOING GOOD DEEDS FOR THE NEIGHBORS. (3). 用來描寫故事發(fā)生的情景時(shí)。如：用來描寫故事發(fā)生的情景時(shí)。如： IT WAS A DARK NIGHT. THE WIND WAS BLOWING HARD AND THE RAIN WAS FALLING HEAVILY. A PLA MAN SUDDENLY APPEARED ON THE RIVER BANK. HE WANTED TO CROSS THE RIVER. (4). GO, COME, LEAVE, START, ARRIVE等等位位移動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)詞 可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來的含義。如：可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來的含義。如： I WAS LEAVING FOR WUHAN THAT DAY. 那天我正要去武漢。那天我正要去武漢。 SHE WAS COMING LATER. 她隨后就來。她隨后就來。 6. 6. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示婉轉(zhuǎn)語氣（只限于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示婉轉(zhuǎn)語氣（只限于WANT, WANT, HOPE, WONDER HOPE, WONDER 等動(dòng)詞），用以提出請求等動(dòng)詞），用以提出請求, ,如：如：I I WAS WONDERINGWAS WONDERING IF YOU COULD HELP ME. IF YOU COULD HELP ME.I I WAS HOPINGWAS HOPING YOU COULD SEND ME HOME. YOU COULD SEND ME HOME.過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)1. 表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作完成之前的情況表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作完成之前的情況.往往具備往往具備以下兩個(gè)特征之一以下兩個(gè)特征之一:(1) 句中常用句中常用by, before, until引導(dǎo)過去某一時(shí)間狀語引導(dǎo)過去某一時(shí)間狀語. They had learned 5000 words by the end of last year. (2) 出現(xiàn)在主從句中出現(xiàn)在主從句中, 兩個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作有明顯的先后關(guān)系兩個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作有明顯的先后關(guān)系.Hardly had he run into the room when the rain began to Hardly had he run into the room when the rain began to come down. come down. 2. 2. 表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望, , 打算打算, , 意圖意圖, , 用于如下動(dòng)詞用于如下動(dòng)詞: want, hope, think, : want, hope, think, expect, intend, mean, suppose, plan. expect, intend, mean, suppose, plan.I had meant to buy a present for you in Paris, but my I had meant to buy a present for you in Paris, but my work ran out of my time. work ran out of my time. 過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)(1). 歷史事實(shí)通常用一般過去時(shí)表示，如：歷史事實(shí)通常用一般過去時(shí)表示，如： THEY LEARNED THAT LINCOLN LED THE AMERICAN WAR.HE TOLD THE STUDENTS THAT HITLER KILLED MILLIONS OF JEWS.(2). 過去完成時(shí)可以代替一般過去時(shí)，表示驚奇過去完成時(shí)可以代替一般過去時(shí)，表示驚奇.I SAW HER COMING, BUT IN A MINUTE, SHE HAD DISAPPEARED.THEY WANTED TO KEEP IT A SECRET, BUT A FEW DAYS LATER, EVERYONE HAD KNOWN IT.3. 當(dāng)主從復(fù)合句中有after, before 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí),用過去完成時(shí)的地方可用一般過去時(shí).He (had) finished all the homework before his patents got home.After I (had) had a short break, I went on to work out the problem.過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別在于前者強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別在于前者強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前動(dòng)作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行而后者強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前個(gè)時(shí)刻之前動(dòng)作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行而后者強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前動(dòng)作的完成結(jié)果動(dòng)作的完成結(jié)果. .I was tired out; I had been reading for hours in a I was tired out; I had been reading for hours in a row. row. I had been waiting for nearly an hour before he I had been waiting for nearly an hour before he came. came. 過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)相對于過去某時(shí)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作相對于過去某時(shí)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 常用于常用于賓語從句中賓語從句中.*No one knew when he was going to come. *I didnt know when they were leaving for Shanghai. 一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)1. 1. 表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài). . I will be back in a few days. I will be back in a few days.2. 2. 表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作. . Well die without air and water. Well die without air and water. Water will boil if heated. Water will boil if heated. 一般將來時(shí)的常見表達(dá)形式一般將來時(shí)的常見表達(dá)形式will/ be going to 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別1. will 表示說話人認(rèn)為或相信將會(huì)發(fā)生但現(xiàn)在看不見的動(dòng)作而表示說話人認(rèn)為或相信將會(huì)發(fā)生但現(xiàn)在看不見的動(dòng)作而be going to 表示現(xiàn)在即可看出的現(xiàn)象表示現(xiàn)在即可看出的現(xiàn)象*Its going to rain.*I think the boat will sink when at sea.2. will 表示說話時(shí)決定的動(dòng)作而表示說話時(shí)決定的動(dòng)作而be going to do表示原來的計(jì)表示原來的計(jì)劃劃*Hold on please. Ill write it down just incase.*The meeting is going to start at 7.be to表示禁止表示禁止, , 命令等命令等. . No one _ leave here without my permission. No one _ leave here without my permission. A. will B. is to A. will B. is to 2. 2. 表示計(jì)劃表示計(jì)劃, , 安排安排. .Theres to be a sports meeting next weekend. Theres to be a sports meeting next weekend. 3. 3. 表示要求表示要求, , 責(zé)任責(zé)任. .The work is to/should be finished by 7 today.The work is to/should be finished by 7 today.4. Be to 4. Be to 可用于可用于if if 從句從句. .If you are to come tomorrow, I will be very If you are to come tomorrow, I will be very happy.happy.Bbe about to表示最近的將來表示最近的將來, 意味立刻意味立刻, 馬上馬上. 不可和時(shí)間狀語連用不可和時(shí)間狀語連用.*Tissue please? Im about to sneeze.*Move! The car is about to blow up. be doing英語中某些詞如英語中某些詞如come, go, arrive, leave, stay, do, come, go, arrive, leave, stay, do, take, have take, have 等可以用其進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將來等可以用其進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將來. .- Hurry, Tom! youre late.- Hurry, Tom! youre late.- Im coming, mum. - Im coming, mum. 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 表示將來某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表示將來某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. Ill be waiting for you here this time every year. The boss will be enjoying his holiday tomorrow. So call him now. 2. 表示即將或按計(jì)劃在未來要發(fā)生的事表示即將或按計(jì)劃在未來要發(fā)生的事 情情, 主語為第一人稱時(shí)往往含有期盼主語為第一人稱時(shí)往往含有期盼 情感情感.Ill be seeing my grandma next month. They will be separating in the summer. 將來完成時(shí)將來完成時(shí)表示在將來某一時(shí)間之前完成的動(dòng)作表示在將來某一時(shí)間之前完成的動(dòng)作, , 并往往對將來某一并往往對將來某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響. . 通常與通常與byby引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用. .By tomorrow morning the weather will have cleared By tomorrow morning the weather will have cleared up. up. By the end of this month the project will have By the end of this month the project will have been finished.been finished. 近年高考中時(shí)態(tài)考查示例近年高考中時(shí)態(tài)考查示例例例1： 考查過去完成時(shí)考查過去完成時(shí)例題例題：2001上海春：The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A.has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed解析解析：by (the end of ) last month是過去完成時(shí)的典型的時(shí)間狀語. 懸掛大橋是被設(shè)計(jì), 用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式. 答案: B演變演變: John and I _ friends for eight years. We first went to know each other at a Christmas partyBut we _ each other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seenC. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥：約翰和我(到現(xiàn)在)已經(jīng)做朋友8年, 用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí); 后面是在過去某時(shí)間前已經(jīng)見過幾次, 用過去完成時(shí). 答案: D小結(jié)小結(jié)：過去完成時(shí)描述一動(dòng)作先于另一動(dòng)作完成，可由時(shí)間狀語來反映，如：by, by the end of, before, after等；但更多的是由句子含義來決定。例例2： 考查一般將來時(shí)考查一般將來時(shí)例題例題：2004高考全國卷：Lets keep to the point or we_ any decisions.Awill never reach Bhave never reached Cnever reach Dnever reached解析解析： 本題考查一般將來時(shí)的基本用法， 理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)和含義：讓我們緊扣主題,否則的話,我們將達(dá)不成任何決定. 答案: A演變演變: 06江蘇卷34 ：A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A. is B. are C. wasD. were點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥：a poet and artist一個(gè)詩人兼畫家,做主語用單數(shù)謂語形式;時(shí)態(tài)是明天下午將來, 用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來. 答案: A小結(jié)小結(jié)：對于一般將來時(shí)的掌握，特別要能記住和區(qū)分它的各種表達(dá)形式， 如：be to do sth, be doing, be going to do, will do, be about to do, 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來等。例例3： 考查過去進(jìn)行時(shí)考查過去進(jìn)行時(shí)例題例題： Shirley a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished.Ahas written Bwrote Chad written Dwas writing解析解析：本題一定要考慮后半句“但是我不知道他是否已完成”， 所以應(yīng)理解成去年（我看到他時(shí)），他當(dāng)時(shí)正在寫一本書。用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案：D演變演變: 2005太原質(zhì)檢：- Sorry to have interrupt you. Please go on.- Where was I ?- You _ you didnt like your fathers job.A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥：注意情景隱藏的時(shí)間狀語: 在你被打斷的時(shí)候,你正在講.用過去進(jìn)行時(shí). 答案:C小結(jié)小結(jié)：現(xiàn)在的題目一般不會(huì)給你明顯的時(shí)間狀語，往往要很好地理解情景，去挖掘隱含的時(shí)間狀語。