高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 專題8 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)課件 外研版

考點(diǎn)透析考點(diǎn)透析知識(shí)清單知識(shí)清單考點(diǎn)警示考點(diǎn)警示考點(diǎn)透析考點(diǎn)透析知識(shí)清單知識(shí)清單考點(diǎn)警示考點(diǎn)警示動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)是語法填空中必考內(nèi)容之一，動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式都可能考到，不過最?？嫉氖且话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，以及一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，同時(shí)還常與非謂語動(dòng)詞一起考查，做語法填空題時(shí)，首先要判斷括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞；若是謂語動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣(陳述語氣還是虛擬語氣)、主謂一致四個(gè)方面。其次，在確定謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，我們可從三個(gè)方面來進(jìn)行判斷：考點(diǎn)透析考點(diǎn)透析知識(shí)清單知識(shí)清單考點(diǎn)警示考點(diǎn)警示1看句子中的時(shí)間狀語或時(shí)間狀語從句。2在沒有時(shí)間狀語或時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，要看上下文的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式。3看是否是特殊句型等。例如：(2013廣東)Suddenly，he 16.found (find) that he had run out of salt.此題考查時(shí)態(tài)，因?yàn)槭侵v述的過去的故事，故應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)。另外，在寫作中要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂酶鞣N時(shí)態(tài)，會(huì)使文章更鮮明、生動(dòng)，更能體現(xiàn)一個(gè)考生的英語運(yùn)用功底。 考點(diǎn)透析考點(diǎn)透析知識(shí)清單知識(shí)清單考點(diǎn)警示考點(diǎn)警示動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)用法用法典句例示典句例示一般現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)do/does現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性客觀真理客觀真理狀語從句中狀語從句中We always care for each other and help each other.We have 3 classes a day.The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.We will not go to the park if it rains tomorrow.一般過去一般過去時(shí)時(shí)did過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)過去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣過去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作性動(dòng)作在狀語從句中用一在狀語從句中用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將般過去時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)態(tài)來時(shí)態(tài)We had a test yesterday.We often played together when we were children.He told me he read an interesting novel last night.She told me that she would come to see me when she visited China again.考點(diǎn)透析考點(diǎn)透析知識(shí)清單知識(shí)清單考點(diǎn)警示考點(diǎn)警示動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)用法用法典句例示典句例示一將一將將來將來時(shí)時(shí)(將將來發(fā)來發(fā)生的生的事情事情)will/shall do表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作表示未事先考慮過，即說話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的表示未事先考慮過，即說話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定。決定。will在含有條件、時(shí)間狀語從句的主句中表在含有條件、時(shí)間狀語從句的主句中表意愿。意愿。I shall go to swim tomorrow if it is fine.We will die without air or water.My grandmother will be 90 years old next year.Shell tell you if you ask her.be going to do表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈?，這表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈?，這種打算往往經(jīng)過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種種打算往往經(jīng)過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備；準(zhǔn)備；表將來，不能用在含有條件、時(shí)間狀語從表將來，不能用在含有條件、時(shí)間狀語從句的主句中。句的主句中。Im going to stay at home tomorrow.The little boy is going to learn how to play football.be to do表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還可表表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、職責(zé)、可能性等。示吩咐、命令、禁止、職責(zé)、可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3 oclock this afternoon.You are to report to the police.你應(yīng)該報(bào)你應(yīng)該報(bào)警的。警的。(公務(wù)安排、義務(wù)、禁止公務(wù)安排、義務(wù)、禁止)be about to do表示表示“即刻，就要即刻，就要”，一般不跟時(shí)間狀語或，一般不跟時(shí)間狀語或狀語從句連用。狀語從句連用。Autumn harvest is about to start.He is about to leave for Beijing.他馬上要他馬上要去北京。去北京?？键c(diǎn)透析考點(diǎn)透析知識(shí)清單知識(shí)清單考點(diǎn)警示考點(diǎn)警示過去將來過去將來時(shí)時(shí)用用would do，was/were going to do sth表過去將來。表過去將來。was/were to do sth和和was/were about to do sth.表過表過去將來。去將來。常用于賓語從句和間接引語常用于賓語從句和間接引語中，表示過去將要發(fā)生的行為中，表示過去將要發(fā)生的行為或存在的狀態(tài)或存在的狀態(tài)I knew you would agreeHe said he was going to come with us.He said the meeting was to be held the next week.I was about to leave when he came in.He said he would wait until they came back.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)bedoing表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。個(gè)動(dòng)作。表近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃。表近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃。表示趨向行為的動(dòng)詞，如表示趨向行為的動(dòng)詞，如come，go，start，begin leave等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式代替將來等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式代替將來時(shí)。時(shí)。與與always等連用表示贊揚(yáng)、等連用表示贊揚(yáng)、厭煩等語氣。厭煩等語氣。He is teaching English and learning Chinese.I am meeting Mr.Wang tonight.The National Day is coming.He is always helping others.考點(diǎn)透析考點(diǎn)透析知識(shí)清單知識(shí)清單考點(diǎn)警示考點(diǎn)警示過去進(jìn)行過去進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)was/weredoing過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻動(dòng)作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。繁發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。某一動(dòng)作某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生。發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生。It was raining when they left the station.When I got to the top of the mountain，the sun was shining.現(xiàn)在完成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)have/hasdone表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。影響。表示某一動(dòng)作從過表示某一動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直持續(xù)到去某一時(shí)間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。去。在時(shí)間或條件狀語從在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替一般將來時(shí)。一般將來時(shí)。He has gone to Shanghai. I have learnt English for three years. Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.考點(diǎn)透析考點(diǎn)透析知識(shí)清單知識(shí)清單考點(diǎn)警示考點(diǎn)警示過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)haddone表示過去的過去。表示過去的過去。表示未曾實(shí)表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等，現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等，常用常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended等或等或者者h(yuǎn)oped/planned.to have done。過去完成時(shí)用于一些固定句型中。過去完成時(shí)用于一些固定句型中。When Jack arrived，Mary had been away for almost an hour. I had hoped to send him a Christmas card，but I forgot to do so.I had hardly got home when it began to rain.That was the first time that he had visited Australia.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)行時(shí)have/hasbeendoing用來表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一用來表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(還要繼續(xù)下去還要繼續(xù)下去)的動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。作。多與多與all the time，this week，all night等時(shí)間狀語，以及等時(shí)間狀語，以及for和和since引導(dǎo)的短語從句連用。引導(dǎo)的短語從句連用。They have been living here for three years.He has been doing the maths problems since 8：00.考點(diǎn)透析考點(diǎn)透析知識(shí)清單知識(shí)清單考點(diǎn)警示考點(diǎn)警示被動(dòng)語態(tài)各種時(shí)形式下的構(gòu)成各種時(shí)形式下的構(gòu)成用法用法典句例示典句例示被被動(dòng)動(dòng)語語態(tài)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are done：一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)was/were done：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are being done：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were being done：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been done：過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)had been done：一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)will be done：含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/must be done：不知道或沒有不知道或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者作的承受者動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者有較長(zhǎng)的修飾語有較長(zhǎng)的修飾語出于禮貌，不出于禮貌，不愿說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)愿說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者行者Rice is grown in South China.The glass was broken yesterday.The project is being carried out.This road was being built this time last year.This novel has been translated into 3 languages.When I got to the theatre，I found the tickets had already been sold out.The cars will be sent abroad by sea.Oil can be turned into energy by burning it.考點(diǎn)透析考點(diǎn)透析知識(shí)清單知識(shí)清單考點(diǎn)警示考點(diǎn)警示1下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：(1)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞，如like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，need等。(2)表“存在”的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如appear，exist，lie，remain，seem等。(3)表示一時(shí)性、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，如allow，accept，permit等。(4)表示感官的動(dòng)詞，如see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等?？键c(diǎn)透析考點(diǎn)透析知識(shí)清單知識(shí)清單考點(diǎn)警示考點(diǎn)警示2always，often等頻度副詞與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行為或表達(dá)某種感情色彩，如贊嘆、不滿、厭煩等。如：The girl is always talking loud in public.3只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。但cost，have，own，lack，agree with，suffer from，belong to，consist of等及物動(dòng)詞或及物的短語動(dòng)詞也沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。4以下情況常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義：(1)系動(dòng)詞feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，主語通常是事物。如：The material feels very soft.這種料子摸起來很柔軟?？键c(diǎn)透析考點(diǎn)透析知識(shí)清單知識(shí)清單考點(diǎn)警示考點(diǎn)警示(2)write，read，clean，sell，wash，cook，open，close，lock等的否定式或與well，badly，easily等副詞連用，主語由內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能使謂語得以實(shí)現(xiàn)或不能實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)。如：The book sells well.那本書很暢銷。(3)cook，bake，make，print，pack，work out等動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)。如：The fish is cooking.魚正在煮。