高中英語第2輪復習 專題3 第20課時 長難句理解課件

閱讀理解閱讀理解三三 (2011四川卷C篇) Even before the LoB is complete, the public has been able to go online to visit the Virtual(虛擬的)LoB, designed by Baden, the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists. Not only have the public been able to learn about LoB, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens. (the sixth paragraph) 50. While visiting the Virtual LoB, the public can _. A. get a general idea of the LoB B. meet many worldfamous experts C. learn how to put up a library building D. understand how the specialists work on the project A考查細節(jié)理解，其實質就是對復雜句子的理解。根據“Not only have the public been able to learn about LoB, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens.”可知當參觀數(shù)字化圖書館時公眾可以了解LoB。思路點撥思路點撥 (2011四川卷E篇) In business, there is a speed difference: Its the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive (競爭的) strategy(策略)and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed. (the first paragraph) In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain_an_edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track. Whats more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a threeyear period. (the second paragraph) 57. What does the underlined part “gain an edge” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Increase the speed. B. Get an advantage. C. Reach the limit. D. Set a goal. B考查推理判斷，其核心實質就是對復雜句子的理解。根據第一段中“Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.”這一復雜句子和第二段中的“the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes” 的這一復雜句子的理解?？芍切┖ε聛G掉競爭優(yōu)勢的公司會一味的追求速度。go, go, go就體現(xiàn)了其追求速度；gain an edge 即是獲得優(yōu)勢。思路點撥思路點撥 在閱讀理解中，考生會經常碰到許多結構復雜的句子。也就是所謂的長難句。命題者在句子理解難度上大做文章，無非是想通過增加句子長度和使用復雜結構來干擾考生正常的閱讀習慣和思維方式，從而達到考查考生綜合閱讀能力的目的。長難句在閱讀理解中容易給考生造成閱讀障礙，形成一種心理壓力，使考生失分。 一、長難句的基本特征 (一) 含多重從句和修飾語的復合句。 這些句子往往較長，一個從句套著另一個從句，環(huán)環(huán)相扣，使得考生不明白整個句子結構?？忌鷳ㄟ^仔細分析找出主干和修飾成分，這樣整個句子結構就清晰了。 (二) 分隔結構和成分省略的干擾。 為了調整語氣和增加補充信息，更主要的是為了平衡句子結構，避免頭重腳輕，使語義嚴密，結構緊湊，英語中將語法關系密切的兩個句子成分用其他語法成分分隔開來，這就是所謂的分隔結構?？荚囍谐霈F(xiàn)較多的是插入語、用破折號插入的新話題或補充信息。此外，還有一些句子成分(一般是定語)過長而出現(xiàn)后置，只不過它只是句子原有成分位置的調整，沒有新增信息。 省略主要是為了避免重復，突出關鍵詞并使上下文緊密連接。成分省略一般和從句相結合，一正一反，使句子富于變化，增強表現(xiàn)力。 (三)正常語序的改變。改變語序主要指倒裝句式。這些句子往往和一些副詞、連詞相關，有明顯的標志。 當然，被動句、雙重否定句等句式在閱讀考試中也屢屢出現(xiàn)。希望考生能結合閱讀實踐來體會上述句法特征。 二、長難句的理解技巧 一般說來，長難句理解主要采用“主干成分分析法”，按“先干后枝”的原則處理，即按“主句從句修飾語”的順序進行。具體步驟如下： 第一步：整句結構分析。通過語法分析，迅速弄清整個句子的結構，把握住句子的基本框架，確定整個句子是簡單句、并列句還是復合句。 “I felt there was a need for a book like this.” she says. “I didnt want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when were selfcontrolled and do our part in managing the disease.” 整個句子是個簡單句，即：she says“”。只不過，前后兩個引號為兩個并列的賓語從句。第一處引號“I felt there was a need for a book like this.”的主語為I，felt后跟了一個賓語從句“there was a need for a book like this”。第二處引號“I didnt want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when were selfcontrolled and do our part in managing the disease.”由but連接兩個分句，第二個分句有主句I wanted other diabetics to know， 賓語從句that things get better 及時間狀語從句when were selfcontrolled and do our part in managing the disease。 第二步：主干成分確定。找出句子的核心成分，確定主句的主語和謂語。 Miss Germaines mother looked anxious through the wedding and Mr. Cordells parents are reported to be less than delighted. 本句由兩個分句組成，and連接兩個并列單句。句意： Germaine小姐的母親在整個婚禮過程中看上去很焦慮，Cordell先生的父母親據報道也不開心。 第三步：從句功能分析。找出句中從句的引導詞，分析從句類型(是否為定語從句、名詞性從句或狀語從句等)和從句之間及從句和主句之間的關系。 Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. whereas引導了一個從句，即 a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, 而it wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.為主句，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語為不定式 to hear a man。 省略to的不定式say作賓語補足語，say后面接了一個賓語從句he didnt know，know后面又接了一個賓語從句his friends marriage was in serious trouble和時間狀語從句until he appeared one night，現(xiàn)在分詞短語asking 作伴隨狀語，asking 后面又接了一個賓語從句if he could sleep on the sofa。句意：一個女人最親密的女友，很可能第一個奉勸她結束不幸的婚姻。然而，我們常聽到男人說，他是在朋友突然來到自己家里并要求睡在沙發(fā)上時，才明白朋友的婚姻有了麻煩。 第四步：短語功能分析。找出非謂語動詞短語、介詞短語、形容詞短語、名詞短語等短語，分析其功能以及它們與謂語動詞/非謂語動詞/從句/主句之間的關系等。 If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”， “Samuel Johnson”， and “Webster”， but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didnt even speak English William the Conqueror. 首先找出并列復合句，即but連接的兩個句子，再看but前的并列句中有一個if引導的條件狀語從句，but后的并列句中有一個who引導的定語從句，修飾a man。句意：如果你要求別人說出對英語的影響最大的人，你可能會得到像“Shakespeare”， “Samuel Johnson”和 “Webster”之類的答案。但是與一個甚至不會說英語的人“征服者”William相比，這些人就毫無影響力了。