【立體設(shè)計】高考英語 Unit3 Inventors and inventions課件 新人教版選修8(全國課標卷)
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【立體設(shè)計】高考英語 Unit3 Inventors and inventions課件 新人教版選修8(全國課標卷)
高考總復(fù)習(xí)一輪用書立體設(shè)計走進新課堂英英 語語選修8Unit3 Inventors and inventions話題:1.Inventions(發(fā)明)2.Patent applications(專利申請)3.Great inventors(偉大的發(fā)明家)功能:Making telephone calls(打電話)語法:Revise the Past Participle as the Attributive,Predicative and Object Complement(復(fù)習(xí)過去分詞作定語、表語和賓語補足語)重點單詞:distinguish,merciful,product,cube,cubic,seize,innocent,abrupt,abruptly,convenient,freezing,passive,bear,urgent,competence,file,mess,tap,caution,associate,stable,practical課程解讀課程解讀重點短語:call up,now and then,dive into,set out to do sth.,get through,set about doing sth.,out of order,ring back,ring off重點句型1.The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot.2.Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.3.The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.課程解讀課程解讀要點一:重點單詞1.distinguish vt.& vi.顯示的差別;使有所不同;辨別歸納拓展(1)distinguish between.and.區(qū)分和distinguish.from.區(qū)別與;使有別于;使具有區(qū)別于的特征distinguish.by.以為特征而辨別出來distinguish oneself (as.) 使自己與眾不同;使著名(2)distinguished adj.杰出的,著名的be distinguished for.因而出名distinguishing adj.不同的;特殊的distinguishable adj.可分辨的;能區(qū)分的知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點(3)distinguish常用于否定句且與can或could連用,tell也可表“辨認,辨別”,常與can或could連用,主要用于否定句或疑問句中。We should distinguish between major and minor work and not put the trivial above the important.我們的工作要分清主次,不能輕重倒置。What was it that distinguished her from her classmates?是什么使得她有別于班上其他同學(xué)呢?Hes distinguished himself as a teacher.作為老師,他早已負有盛名。I cant tell the difference between the usages of “above all” and “first of all”.我弄不清“above all”和“first of all”用法的不同。知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點【鏈接訓(xùn)練】It is important to_between the rules of grammar and the conventions of written language.A.determineB.identifyC.exploreD.distinguish【解析】distinguish 意為“區(qū)別,區(qū)分”,常與 from,between 搭配使用。句意為:將語法:規(guī)則與書面語常規(guī)區(qū)分開來是很重要的?!敬鸢浮緿知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點2.bear vt.(bore,borne) 忍受;忍耐;負擔(dān);生育歸納拓展(1)在否定句和疑問句中通常與can/could連用,表示“承受”的含義。常見近義詞有:endure,tolerate,stand等。cant/couldnt bear+n./v.-ing/to do(2)bear with sb./sth.忍耐,忍受bear doing/n./to do忍受bear sb./sbs doing忍受某人做某事bear sb./sth.out 證實;為作證bear sth.in mind牢記bear the blame 受責(zé)備bear the responsibility 承擔(dān)責(zé)任bear the weight支撐;承受(重量)知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點歸納拓展(3)bear 的過去分詞有兩種形式,當(dāng)表示“出生”和表示“天生的、生來就”時要用born;當(dāng)表示“忍耐、承擔(dān)”或“(婦女)生育”時用 borne。born僅用于被動語態(tài)。He cant bear being laughed at/to be laughed at.他無法忍受遭人嘲笑。Do parents have to bear the whole cost of tuition fees?父母是否應(yīng)當(dāng)負擔(dān)全部學(xué)費?She has borne three children,all of whom were born of deaf.她生了三個孩子,三個都天生耳聾。You must bear it in mind that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.你要記住你的父母指望你成為一名好醫(yī)生。知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點【鏈接訓(xùn)練】I cant bear_with his mouth full.A.his talkingB.him talkC.to talkD.having talked【解析】cant bear sbs doing sth.意為“不能忍受某人做某事”。句意為:我不能忍受他嘴里塞滿東西講話。【答案】A知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點I cant bear, so I hope you can come on time.A.to keep waitingB.to keep to waitC.being kept waitingD.being kept to wait【解析】考查bear的用法。bear doing sth.“忍受做某事”。根據(jù)語境可知此處v.ing形式應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。故答案為C項?!敬鸢浮緾知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點3.associate vt.聯(lián)想,聯(lián)系n.同伴,伙伴歸納拓展(1)associate.with.把和聯(lián)系起來;由聯(lián)想到be associated with.和相關(guān)associate with sb.和某人交往/合伙/結(jié)交/打交道associate oneself with sth.聲稱或表示自己贊同某事物(2)association n.聯(lián)合;聯(lián)想;交往;協(xié)會;團體in association with.與合伙/合作知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點Ive never associated you with this place.我從未把你和這個地方聯(lián)系在一起。I wouldnt want to be associated with Mikes project.我不想和麥克的計劃有任何瓜葛。I dont like these people youre associating with.我不喜歡你結(jié)交的這些人。The book was published in association with British Heritage.這本書是與英國傳統(tǒng)出版社聯(lián)合出版的。知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點【鏈接訓(xùn)練】I alwaysthe smell of baking with my childhood.A.combineB.ConnectC.joinD.associate【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。combine“使結(jié)合,使聯(lián)合”,常與and連用;connect常與with連用,“將和聯(lián)結(jié)起來”;join“加入”;associate常與with連用,意為“由聯(lián)想到”。句意為:我經(jīng)常由面包店的味道聯(lián)想到童年。【答案】D知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點He wished to forget everything_ with his former life and start a new life.A.joinedB.AssociatedC.buriedD.carried【解析】句意為:他希望忘記和以前生活相關(guān)的一切事情,開始新的生活。此處associated with“與有聯(lián)系的”,為過去分詞短語作定語修飾everything?!敬鸢浮緽知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點要點二:重點短語與句型1.call up給打電話;使回憶起(某事)注意:call up后的賓語如果是代詞,此代詞應(yīng)放在call和up之間;如果是具體的人或物,放在call up中間或之后都可以。call up作“打電話”講時,可用ring up代替。知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點歸納拓展(1)call at (some place)拜訪(某地)call back 回電話,再打電話call on (sb.)拜訪、探望(某人);號召call on sb.to do sth.號召(請)某人做某事call off 取消,停止call for需求;需要;去接(某人);邀約;為爭取而呼喊call in 叫進來;找來;順路(到某處)call out大聲喊叫;召集知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點(2)“拜訪某人”可用如下說法:call on sb.;drop in on/upon sb.;pay a visit to sb.;go on a visit to sb.;visit sb.。You can call me up any time.你隨時可以給我打電話。The sound of the piano called up good memories of his youth.鋼琴聲勾起了他年輕時的美好回憶。Why dont you call on my sister when youre in Brighton?你到了布賴頓何不順便探望一下我的姐姐?知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The picture of the park_memories of our classs trip last year,when Mr.Smith began to take charge of our class.A.came upB.remindedC.turned upD.called up【解析】call up在此表示“喚起對的回憶”;remind的用法是remind sb. to do sth.或remind sb. of sth.,所以選擇D。【答案】D知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點What time would you like me to_this evening for the concert?I think 6:30 will be OK.A.pick up youB.call you forC.call on youD.call for you【解析】由句意可知,應(yīng)為“去接某人”之意,故選D。A項應(yīng)為pick you up; call on 為“號召;拜訪”之意?!敬鸢浮緿知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點2.set about (doing sth.) 開始,著手干某事歸納拓展set out出發(fā),啟程;企圖,打算set out for=set off for=leave for出發(fā)到某地去set out to do sth.開始做某事set off出發(fā),動身;引起;使爆炸set aside留出,撥出;對不予考慮set down停下;讓下車;記下,寫下;規(guī)定set up設(shè)置;建立;開辦be set in以為背景知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點She set about answering letters as soon as she arrived at the office.她一到辦公室就著手回信。She set about the business of cleaning the house.她動手打掃起房子來。He set out to break the record for the channel swim.他決心打破游過海峽的記錄。Setting aside the question of cost,what do you think of the idea in principle?把成本問題置于一旁,你認為這個想法總體上如何?誘導(dǎo)展望set about中about為介詞,后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。而set out 表示著手去做,則用set out to do sth.的形式。知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Having decided to rent a flat,we_contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.A.set aboutB.set downC.set outD.set up【解析】句意為:在決定租房后,我們立即著手聯(lián)系城市里所有房屋中介所。set out 意為“著手去做”時后須跟不定式;set down 意為“寫下,記下”;set up 意為“建立,設(shè)置”,均不合句意?!敬鸢浮緼知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空She tries to setsome money every month.On receiving the assignment, we setto work at once.These scientists are trying to set a long-term study of up to 10,000 elderly persons.【答案】asideoutup3.get through結(jié)束(工作),完成(任務(wù))=finish;通過(考試);(設(shè)法)做完,度過,用完;接通電話知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點歸納拓展get across被理解;使人理解get over越過,克服(困難);從(疾病中)恢復(fù)過來get through with結(jié)束,完成get on/along with.進展;與相處get down to (doing) sth.開始認真做某事get off下車,脫下,起飛get in收獲知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點We wish to get through the thing quickly.我們希望趕快把這件事做完。They have all got through the examination.他們?nèi)客ㄟ^了考試。We got through a fortune while we were in New York.我們在紐約時花掉了一大筆錢。知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The line must be out of order,for I couldnt .A.get awayB.get inC.get acrossD.get through【解析】由上文判斷,應(yīng)為“接通”之意。get away 意為“脫身,離開”;get in 意為“火車進站;收割;收集”;get across 意為“傳達,把講清楚”。【答案】D知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點4.ring back 回復(fù)電話;ring off 掛斷電話(不及物動詞短語)Id better ring off now because the baby is crying.我得掛斷電話了,寶寶在哭呢。Can you ask him to ring me back when he gets home?他到家后你能讓他給我回個電話嗎?知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點歸納拓展與“打電話”有關(guān)的短語、句型:give sb. a ring給某人打電話answer the phone接電話hang on 不掛斷;緊緊握??;稍等hold on 別掛斷;稍等just a moment/hold the line 稍等get through to sb. 接通某人You are wanted on the phone.你的電話。The phone is out of order.電話出了故障。Who is that speaking?誰打來的電話?This is sb.speaking.我是知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Jack,you_on the phone. .A.are wanted;ComingB.are needed;Im comingC.are called;Ill comeD.are rung up;Thanks【解析】考查交際用語?!坝腥舜螂娫捳夷恪睉?yīng)為Youre wanted on the phone;Coming表示“這就來”?!敬鸢浮緼知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點Please_at once if you finish what you must say on the phone.A.ring upB.call backC.ring offD.call up【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意為:如果你說完了你要說的話,請馬上把電話掛了。ring off“掛斷電話”;ring up=call up“打電話”;call back“回電話”。【答案】C知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點5.The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot.第二天早上趁天還不太熱,我就早早地起來了。在本句中 before 意為“趁(還沒有)”。before作連詞表示時間時,根據(jù)其在句中的實際情況,譯法有多種。歸納拓展before 用法靈活,譯法眾多,主要如下:(1)表示“在之前”(2)表示“(過了多久之后)才”(3)表示“來不及;尚未就”(4)表示“(不多久)就”(5)表示“以免”(6)(寧愿)也不愿知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點Mary had finished her homework before her mother returned. 瑪麗在她媽媽回來之前就已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)。They walked about 30 miles to the west before they saw a village.他們西行了大約30英里才看見一個村莊。Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.我還沒來得及插話,他就已經(jīng)給我量好了尺寸。I had hardly sat down before the bell rang.我剛坐下鈴就響了。Lock your bike before it gets stolen.鎖好你的自行車,以免被偷。Id shoot myself before I apologized to her.我寧死也不向她道歉。知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點【鏈接訓(xùn)練】It_long before we_the result of the experiment.A.will not be;will knowB.is;will knowC.will not be;knowD.is;know【解析】考查It will be+一段時間+before 所構(gòu)成的句型的用法。當(dāng)主句為將來時,before 從句中則要用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。句意為:不久我們就會知道實驗的結(jié)果。【答案】C知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點要點三:語法:復(fù)習(xí)過去分詞作定語、表語和賓語補足語過去分詞(表示完成和被動的動作)具有形容詞、副詞的作用,在句中可以用作定語、表語、賓語補足語和狀語,但不能單獨構(gòu)成謂語。一、過去分詞作定語1.單個的過去分詞作定語時一般放在所修飾詞語的前面;有時為了強調(diào),也可將單一的分詞置于被修飾名詞之后;過去分詞短語修飾名詞時,通常置于所修飾名詞之后。表示主語的狀態(tài)或已完成的動作。知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點We need more qualified teachers.我們需要更多合格的教師。This is one of the schools built in the 1980s.這是20世紀80年代建造的學(xué)校之一。2.如果被修飾的詞是不定代詞anything,nothing,everything等或指示代詞 those 等,即使單一的過去分詞作形容詞用,也要放在被修飾詞之后。There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.自從我兩年前離開這個城鎮(zhèn)以來,這個鎮(zhèn)幾乎就沒有什么變化。知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點3.過去分詞作定語與所修飾的名詞有被動關(guān)系、邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時,表示被動或完成也可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的定語從句。The broken window(=The window which was broken)will be replaced soon.破損的窗戶很快就會被換掉。注意:有一些過去分詞由不及物動詞變化而來,它們只表示一個動作已經(jīng)完成,不表被動的意味。例如:the exploded bomb 意為“已爆炸的炸彈”。知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點二、過去分詞作表語1.作表語的v.-ed形式大多已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞,用來表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。常見的這類v.-ed形式有:disappointed,astonished,excited,interested,satisfied,surprised,frightened,amazed,annoyed,exhausted,pleased,puzzled,shocked,worried,terrified 等。He looked disappointed.他看起來很失望。2.除了以上表示主語情感的形容詞化的過去分詞作表語外,另外有一些常見的表狀態(tài)的過去分詞也可作表語。Jim was lost in thought.吉姆陷入了沉思。知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點三、過去分詞作賓語補足語作賓語補足語的過去分詞一般是及物動詞,和賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。可以跟過去分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有:1.see,hear,watch,feel,think,find 等表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞。We found her greatly changed.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)她變了很多。2.make,get,have,help,leave 等表示“致使”意義的動詞。What made them so frightened?什么使他們這樣害怕?3.like,want,wish,order 等表示“希望,要求”等意義的動詞。He wont like such a question discussed at the meeting.他不想在會上討論這樣的問題。知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點誘導(dǎo)展望have sth.done這種結(jié)構(gòu)有三種不同的含義:(1)表示“請/讓/叫別人(為自己做某事)”的意思。這里的“別人”雖然沒有在have sth.done結(jié)構(gòu)中明顯地說出,但確含有此意,與get相同。I must have my tooth pulled.(=I must let the dentist pull my tooth.)我得把這顆牙拔了。Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had repaired went wrong again.布朗夫人很失望地看到她找人修理的洗衣機又壞了。知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點(2)表示“遭遇某種(不幸的)事情”,說明賓語的一種無意識的受動行為,不說明“誰使(賓語)遭遇某事”。have作“受到,遭到”解。意義上不等于get。I had my purse stolen on the bus yesterday.(=My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday.)昨天在公共汽車上,我的錢包被偷了。知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點誘導(dǎo)展望(3)表示“完成某事”的意思,這些事可以是別人完成的,也可以是自己參與完成的。He told me he had his house repaired.(=He told me his house was repaired.)他告訴我,他的房子修好了。(他也許參與了)I must have my homework finished before I go out to play.出去玩之前我必須先把作業(yè)做完。知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Mary felt herself_to take action.A.forcedB.being forcedC.forcingD.force【解析】force與herself之間是被動關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞作賓語補足語?!敬鸢浮緼知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點On those questions_at yesterdays meeting,all the teachers made their views_clearly.A.discussing;knowB.discussed;knowC.discussing;knowingD.discussed;known【解析】考查過去分詞作定語和賓語補足語。第一個空為過去分詞作定語,表示被動和完成意義。第二個空為過去分詞作賓語補足語,make+sth./sb.+過去分詞,表示“使某人/某事被”,make their views known clearly 意為“使他們的觀點被別人清晰地了解”?!敬鸢浮緿知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點The lost car of the Lees was found_in the woods off the highway.A.abolishedB.AbandonedC.desertedD.rejected【解析】考查詞義辨析。此處是非謂語動詞作賓語補足語,由句意可知此處要表達“被遺棄”之意,故用abandoned。【答案】B知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點The cigarette end_by a careless woodcutter_the big forest fire.A.being thrown away;resulted fromB.thrown away;resulted inC.thrown away;brought offD.having been thrown;brought up【解析】空一考查過去分詞短語作定語,the cigarette與throw away之間是被動關(guān)系;空二考查短語result in“導(dǎo)致(某種結(jié)果)”。句意為:那個大意的砍伐工扔掉的煙頭導(dǎo)致了一場森林大火。result form“起因于”(后跟原因);bring up“撫養(yǎng),養(yǎng)育”;bring off“完成,做完(艱難的工作)”?!敬鸢浮緽知 識 與 要 點知 識 與 要 點