2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪 語(yǔ)法專題12 形容詞和副詞01 譯林牛津版.doc

2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪 語(yǔ)法專題12 形容詞和副詞01 譯林牛津版高考預(yù)練1、People have always been about exactly how life on earth began.A. curious B. excited C. anxious D. careful答案：A. 考點(diǎn)：考查形容詞的意義和用法。句意：人們一直對(duì)于地球生命的起源感到好奇。解析：根據(jù)介詞about后面賓語(yǔ)從句的意義，可以確定前面表示的是好奇，be curious about 是“對(duì)感到好奇”的意思。 2、 in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.A. Anything B. Nothing C. Everything D. Something答案：B. 考點(diǎn)：考查復(fù)合不定代詞的用法。句意：我一生中什么都沒(méi)有我第一次參觀故宮給我的印象更深刻。解析：nothing用于句中表示否定意義，而其他三個(gè)詞則表示肯定意義。3、Professor Johnson, Im afraid I cant finish the report within this week. How about next week?A. Good for you B. It wont bother me C. Not at all D. Thats OK答案：D. 考點(diǎn)：考查交際用語(yǔ)。句意：約翰遜教授，恐怕我這周完不成報(bào)告。 好的，下周怎么樣？解析：根據(jù)后面的How about next week，可以看出，Johnson教授已經(jīng)確認(rèn)這周完不成報(bào)告沒(méi)關(guān)系，所以，用Thats OK。4、Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers I go. Its only 15.A. as B. which C. where D. that答案：C. 考點(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：你能相信我理一次發(fā)得花20美元嗎？你應(yīng)該到我去的那家理發(fā)店試試，只需要15美元。解析：句中the barbers 是先行詞，從句中g(shù)o 是不及物動(dòng)詞，所選關(guān)系代詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，所以要用where。5、Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt 答案：A. 考點(diǎn)：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：邁克本來(lái)不必要那么忙的。這么高速駕駛之后，他早半個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)了。解析：根據(jù)后面的語(yǔ)境，提前半個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)，說(shuō)明Mark本來(lái)不必那么匆忙，所以用neednt have done 結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“本來(lái)不必要做某事的而實(shí)際上做了”。 6、Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting at the culture show of the xx Shanghai World Expo.A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited答案：C. 考點(diǎn)：考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：想剪紙一樣的天津民間傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)品正在xx上海世博會(huì)的文化展覽中展出。解析：因?yàn)閤x年上海世博會(huì)現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行著，所以像剪紙一樣的天津傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)品也是“正在被展覽”，所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。7、Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion , and as a manager.A. ended up B. dropped out C. came back D. started off 答案：A 考點(diǎn)：考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：作為一名職員加入公司，他很快得到提升，最后當(dāng)上了經(jīng)理。解析：ended up as 作為而結(jié)束的意思；dropped out是“退出，退學(xué)”的意思；came back是“回來(lái)”的意思；started off是“動(dòng)身，出發(fā)”的意思。只有A項(xiàng)符合題意。8、It rained heavily in the south， serious flooding in several provinces.A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 答案：C. 考點(diǎn)：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：南方下了大雨，在幾個(gè)省區(qū)造成嚴(yán)重洪災(zāi)。解析：空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果，而且句子主語(yǔ)it和cause之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處要用動(dòng)詞的ing形式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。9、My father warned me going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.A. by B. on C. for D. against答案：D. 考點(diǎn)：考查介詞用法。句意：我父親警告我不要去西海岸，因?yàn)槟抢飻D滿了游客。解析：句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞warned和介詞against搭配，構(gòu)成warn sb. against doing sth.相當(dāng)于warn sb. not to do sth， 意思是“警告某人不要干某事”。10、As a new graduate, he doesnt know it takes to start a business here.A. how B. what C. When D. which 答案： B. 考點(diǎn)：考查名詞性從句。句意：作為一名新畢業(yè)生，他不知道需要什么才能在這里開始經(jīng)營(yíng)。解析：空格后的從句中takes是動(dòng)詞，其后缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以引導(dǎo)該賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞要用what。 形容詞用來(lái)修飾名詞，常放在名詞前作定語(yǔ)，或者放在系動(dòng)詞后面作表語(yǔ)。而副詞則用來(lái)修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞、其他副詞或者整個(gè)句子，其位置比較靈活。高考經(jīng)常考查形容詞和副詞的辨析，以及副詞短語(yǔ)的辨析。考點(diǎn)一形容詞作定語(yǔ)的排列順序幾個(gè)并列的形容詞作定語(yǔ)，其語(yǔ)序通常為：限定語(yǔ)（a，the，these） 數(shù)量形容詞（two，three）描繪性形容詞（beautiful）大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形體性形容詞（large，long，high） 新舊或年齡（old）顏色（red）國(guó)籍（Chinese）材料（wool，steel） 目的或用途 名詞。an old brown woolen carpet 一件舊的棕色羊毛地毯考點(diǎn)二倍數(shù)表達(dá)法1A is倍數(shù)比較級(jí)thanB2A is倍數(shù)as原級(jí)asB3A is倍數(shù)the名詞（size，length，height 等）ofB4A is倍數(shù)thatofB5A is倍數(shù)what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句This building is three times higher than that one.This building is three times as high as that one.This building is three times the height of that one.這個(gè)建筑物是那個(gè)建筑物的三倍高。The output of this year is 3 times that of xx.The output of this year is 3 times what it was in xx.今年的產(chǎn)量是xx年的三倍。考點(diǎn)三形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)1“as形容詞（a/an）名詞as”表示同級(jí)比較，注意中間的形容詞和名詞并列時(shí)各自所在的位置。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人們普遍認(rèn)為教學(xué)既是一門科學(xué)，也是一門藝術(shù)。2“as形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)as”與“not as/so形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)as”表示同級(jí)比較，即兩個(gè)或兩部分人或物在性質(zhì)上或程度上相同（不同）。The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.這工作沒(méi)有你想象的那么難。3“the比較級(jí)of the two 名詞”表示“兩者中較的那個(gè)”。The taller of the two boys is my cousin.兩個(gè)男孩中個(gè)子高的那個(gè)是我表哥。4a形容詞比較級(jí)名詞表示“一個(gè)更的”。If you study hard，you are sure to have a better future.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你一定會(huì)有個(gè)更好的未來(lái)。5比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)常見的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any（用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句），a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit 等。by far用于比較級(jí)時(shí)，一般放在比較級(jí)的后面，如在前面，應(yīng)在二者中間加“the”。He is by far the taller of the two brothers.他目前是兩兄弟中較高的。6表示一方隨另一方的程度而變化時(shí)，用“the比較級(jí)（主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)），the比較級(jí)（主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)）”的結(jié)構(gòu)（意為“越越”）。The more we do for the old people，the happier we feel.為老人做得越多，我們就越快樂(lè)。7不與其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改變時(shí)，用“比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“越來(lái)越”。The girl bees more and more beautiful.那個(gè)女孩變得越來(lái)越漂亮。8no比較級(jí)than表示“和一樣不”。He is no taller than his brother.他和他哥哥一樣矮。9more.than.表示一個(gè)人兩種品質(zhì)的比較，意為“與其倒不如”。He is more shy than unfriendly.與其說(shuō)他不友善，還不如說(shuō)他靦腆?？键c(diǎn)四形容詞與副詞的最高級(jí)1最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)常見的有：序數(shù)詞，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really， not quite等。The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.正在修建的那座橋是目前橫跨黃河的最長(zhǎng)的橋。2否定詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)。I have never seen a better film.我從未看過(guò)更精彩的電影。（這是我看過(guò)的最精彩的）3“比較級(jí)than any other單數(shù)名詞”表示最高級(jí)意義，意思為“比其他任何都”。He is taller than any other boy in his class.他比他班里其他男孩都高?？键c(diǎn)五常用as.as.結(jié)構(gòu)的詞組1as long as 只要；有之久 I will work as long as I live.只要活著，我就要工作。2as far as 到地點(diǎn)；就而言As far as I know，he is reliable.就我所知，他是一個(gè)可靠的人。3as high as高達(dá)The average cost of one day in a hospital in that country can run as high as $400.在那個(gè)國(guó)家里一天的平均住院費(fèi)用可高達(dá)400美元。4as soon as 一就I will call you up as soon as I get there.我一到那里就給你打電話。5as well as 既又；和一樣好He who plays the piano as well as his father has experience as well as knowledge.他彈鋼琴與他父親一樣好，既有知識(shí)又有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。6as good as 與一樣；幾乎；簡(jiǎn)直；和一樣好He is as good as dead.他如同死了一般。考點(diǎn)六兼有兩種形式的副詞其中一種形式與形容詞相同，另一種形式是在形容詞后加后綴ly。這兩種形式的副詞表示的意義不同。常見的有：close接近（指距離）closely仔細(xì)地，密切地free免費(fèi)freely自由地，自如地deep深deeply深刻地，深入地hard努力地hardly幾乎不wide寬闊widely廣泛地high高h(yuǎn)ighly高度地late晚、遲lately近來(lái)near鄰近nearly幾乎most最mostly主要地；絕大多數(shù)地pretty 相當(dāng)?shù)豴rettily 優(yōu)美地just 正好justly 公正地I can hardly believe that he doesnt work hard.我?guī)缀醪荒芟嘈潘ぷ鞑慌??？键c(diǎn)七無(wú)比較意義的比較級(jí)句型歸納1no more than only 只有，僅僅，只不過(guò)There are no more than a hundred people in the hall.大廳里只有100人。2not more thanat the most 不超過(guò)，至多There are not more than a hundred people in the hall.大廳里至多100人。3no less than 多達(dá)，不少于He walks no less than five miles to school.他上學(xué)至少要走五英里。4less than 不到，不太，極不Doctors have been less than successful in treating this disease.醫(yī)生在治療這種病時(shí)極不成功。5more than 多于，超過(guò)（over，后接數(shù)詞）；不只是（not only，后接名詞、動(dòng)詞或副詞）；非常，十分（very，后接形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或分詞）；難以，完全不能（用于more than.can.）I am more than happy to meet you here.在這遇見你我非常高興。6more or less（almost，nearly，about）基本上，差不多，大約The work is more or less finished.工作基本上完成了。7sooner or later 遲早，早晚，總有一天You will succeed sooner or later.你總有一天會(huì)成功的。8whats more 而且，此外I missed the bus and had to walk home.Whats more，it was raining.我錯(cuò)過(guò)了公交車不得不走回家，而且天又下著雨。9no sooner.than.一就No sooner had he got home than it began to rain.他一到家，就開始下雨了。