2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題整合突破八 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.doc

2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題整合突破八 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞真題試做1(xx山東高考，26)George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him.Ato be toldBtellingCbeing told Dtold2(xx山東高考，27)Look over theretheres a very long，winding path _ up to the house.Aleading BleadsCled Dto lead3(xx山東高考，23)I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term.Apleting Bto pleteCpleted Dbeing pleted4(xx山東高考，29)The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked.Alaid BlayingCto lay Dbeing laid考向分析1考查對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的識(shí)別，要求明確句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本用法。2考查不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別，要求掌握一些常見動(dòng)詞后面所接賓語(yǔ)的形式。3考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別，尤其是不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)、過去分詞短語(yǔ)所表示的不同時(shí)間、邏輯關(guān)系和意義?，F(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別應(yīng)引起足夠重視。4考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式、完成式、被動(dòng)式及復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，要求掌握其構(gòu)成形式、所表示的時(shí)間以及邏輯關(guān)系。熱點(diǎn)例析考點(diǎn)一：謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)形式的識(shí)別試題以復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)和冗長(zhǎng)的句式呈現(xiàn)，考查考生是否能瞻前顧后地分清句子成分、理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)、明白句子意義，正確判斷、識(shí)別動(dòng)詞在句中是否充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)?！镜淅治觥?(xx浙江高考，8)I think Tom，as the head of a big department，should either study regularly or _ his job.AquitsBto quitCquitting Dquit答案為D項(xiàng)。該句使用了either . or .并列結(jié)構(gòu)，either后面是動(dòng)詞原形study，or后面也應(yīng)該是動(dòng)詞原形quit，故選擇D項(xiàng)構(gòu)成并列謂語(yǔ)。(xx全國(guó)高考，10)Tony lent me the money，_ that Id do as much for him.Ahoping Bto hopeChoped Dhaving hoped答案為A項(xiàng)。由于空前沒有連詞，應(yīng)排除謂語(yǔ)形式的C項(xiàng)，如果用hoped則應(yīng)在空前加and；根據(jù)空前的逗號(hào)可排除B項(xiàng)，因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其前不加逗號(hào)；“希望”并不是發(fā)生在“托尼借給我錢”之前，故排除表示完成的having hoped；由于Tony與hope之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選擇現(xiàn)在分詞hoping作狀語(yǔ)?？键c(diǎn)二：非謂語(yǔ)形式作主語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，形式主語(yǔ)it常用來(lái)代替不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。如：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.但在It is no use/good doing sth.和It is a waste of time doing sth.句型中，it代替動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。如：Its no use arguing with them.【典例分析】 (xx浙江高考，3)No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when its better _ silent.Aremain Bbe remainingChaving remained Dto remain答案為D項(xiàng)。when在此處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾times，在when引導(dǎo)的從句中，it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式to remain silent，表示“有時(shí)保持沉默更好”?？键c(diǎn)三：非謂語(yǔ)形式作賓語(yǔ)1部分動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后面只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。常見的有：agree/ask/decide/demand/expect/fail/hope/learn/manage/offer/plan/promise/ pretend/refuse/wish/would like (love)He agreed to lend me his bike.He refused to say sorry to me.2部分動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后面只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。常見的有：avoid/appreciate/consider/delay/enjoy/escape/excuse/finish/imagine/mind/miss/ practise/suggest/keep (on)/feel like/devote oneself to/give up/be (get) used to/be worth/insist on/look forward to/prefer.to.等。He admitted taking my money.Do you try to avoid making her annoyed?3部分動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，含義不同，應(yīng)注意區(qū)分。如：Ill remember to post your letter.我會(huì)記住把你的信寄上的。I dont remember saying this to him before.我不記得以前對(duì)他說(shuō)過這件事。如：I forgot to tell him to e.我忘記叫他來(lái)了。Ill never forget seeing him for the first time.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了和他初次見面的情景。如：I regret to say that I cant accept your kind offer.很抱歉，我不能接受你那善意的提議。I regret saying what was in my mind.我后悔說(shuō)了心里話。如：You must try to improve your teaching method.你一定要試圖改進(jìn)你的教學(xué)方法。If no one answers，try knocking at the back door.如果沒人答應(yīng)，試著敲敲后門。如：I meant to send you a postcard，but I didnt have your address with me.我本想寄一張明信片給你，但是我身邊沒有你的地址。Starting too early means wasting your time.出發(fā)太早就是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。如：Lets stop to buy something to eat here.咱們?cè)谶@里停停買些吃的吧。Lets stop working and have a rest.咱們停下手里的活，歇一會(huì)兒。如：After reading the text，he went on to write the new words.讀完課文之后，他接著寫生詞。He went on telling us the story after a short rest.稍微休息之后他接著給我們講故事。如：I want to join the army.我想?yún)④姟he road needs rebuilding.這條路修需要重新修建。如：I cant help to carry the box because my arm hurts.我不能幫忙搬箱子，因?yàn)槲腋觳蔡?。They couldnt help laughing when they saw him.他們看到他，忍不住大笑起來(lái)。如：I advised holding a meeting to discuss the matter.我建議開一個(gè)會(huì)來(lái)討論這件事情。He often advises people to use their brains.他常常勸人動(dòng)動(dòng)腦子。【典例分析】 (xx安徽高考，24)I remembered _ the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.Alocking Bto lockChaving locked Dto have locked 答案為B項(xiàng)。remember to do sth.意為“記著要做某事”，remember doing sth.意為“記著做過某事”?！霸陔x開辦公室前就把門鎖上”顯然不合邏輯，所以應(yīng)選不定式作賓語(yǔ)。句意：我在離開辦公室以前，記著了要鎖門，但是忘了要關(guān)燈。(xx北京高考，23)One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.Acorrects BcorrectCto correct Dcorrecting答案為D項(xiàng)。在介詞by后面，and 前后連接兩個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)making可知此處選correcting。句意：一個(gè)人在犯錯(cuò)和糾錯(cuò)中學(xué)會(huì)一種語(yǔ)言?？键c(diǎn)四：非謂語(yǔ)形式作定語(yǔ)1時(shí)間關(guān)系不同：不定式作定語(yǔ)通常表示一個(gè)未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)通常表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去分詞作定語(yǔ)多表已完成的動(dòng)作，或沒有一定的時(shí)間性(只表示被動(dòng))。如：I have a lot of work to do.The tall girl standing there is a basketball player.This is a play written by Shakespeare.2邏輯關(guān)系不同：不定式所修飾的詞可能是它的邏輯主語(yǔ)，也可能是它的邏輯賓語(yǔ)；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，它所修飾的詞一定是它的邏輯主語(yǔ)；過去分詞作定語(yǔ)所修飾的詞一般是它的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。如：He is the first to get here.He is the man to depend on.He is the very person looking for you.A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.3不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具等，不要遺漏必要的介詞。如：He found a good house to live in.【典例分析】 (xx浙江高考，11)“Its such a nice place，” Mother said as she sat at the table_ for customers.Ato be reserved Bhaving reservedCreserving Dreserved答案為D項(xiàng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)形式修飾table，“桌子”是“被預(yù)訂或保留”的，所以用過去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)?？键c(diǎn)五：非謂語(yǔ)形式作狀語(yǔ)1不定式作狀語(yǔ)：(1)表示目的，直接用不定式或so as to/in order to。如：He worked day and night to get the money.(2)表示結(jié)果，更常見于so.as to，such.as to，enough to，too.to結(jié)構(gòu)中，only接不定式也常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。如：I visited him only to find him out.(3)表示原因，用在作表語(yǔ)的某些表示情感的形容詞或過去分詞后面，說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生某種情緒的原因或是在哪方面存在謂語(yǔ)所表示的情況等。如：They were very sad to hear the news.2現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示的必須是主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，即分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)在分詞可以作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)和伴隨狀語(yǔ)。作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在句首；作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在句子后面，表示自然而然的結(jié)果。如：Hearing the news，they all jumped with joy.He fired his gun，killing the wolf.All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem.3過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)：過去分詞的動(dòng)作與句子的主語(yǔ)是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。過去分詞可以作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)和伴隨狀語(yǔ)。如：Seen from the hill，the city looks more beautiful.Given better attention，the cabbages could have grown better.【典例分析】 (xx遼寧高考，29)This machine is very easy _.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.AoperatingBto be operatingCoperatedDto operate答案為D項(xiàng)。句意：這臺(tái)機(jī)器很容易操作。任何人幾分鐘就會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)使用。該題應(yīng)選不定式作表語(yǔ)形容詞的狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明在哪一方面存在這個(gè)形容詞表示的情況或產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因。(xx北京高考，27)_ with care，one tin will last for six weeks.AUse BUsingCUsed DTo use答案為C項(xiàng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知所填部分在句中作狀語(yǔ)，且與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故選C項(xiàng)。句意：如果用得仔細(xì)的話，一罐可以用六周。(xx天津高考，11)He got up late and hurried to his office，_ the breakfast untouched.Aleft Bto leaveCleaving Dhaving left答案為C項(xiàng)。句意：他起床晚了，匆忙趕往辦公室，早餐一動(dòng)沒動(dòng)?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)在此處作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示自然而然的結(jié)果。(xx四川高考，6)Tom took a taxi to the airport，only_his plane high up in the sky.Afinding Bto findCbeing found Dto have found答案為B項(xiàng)。only后接不定式表示意想不到的結(jié)果，所以應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。to have found表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)took之前，時(shí)間上有誤。句意：湯姆乘出租車去了飛機(jī)場(chǎng)，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)飛機(jī)已經(jīng)飛在高空了?？键c(diǎn)六：非謂語(yǔ)形式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)1advise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish等動(dòng)詞后面常用不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如：Tell the children not to play on the street.The police warned us not to go out at night.2make/let/have等使役動(dòng)詞后面用不帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，但在被動(dòng)句中則使用帶to的不定式。如：They make the students do too much homework every day.The students are made to do too much homework every day.3感官動(dòng)詞后面可用不帶to的不定式或分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。從時(shí)間上看，不定式表示發(fā)生或完成；現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞表示完成。從邏輯關(guān)系上看，不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在著主謂關(guān)系；過去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：I saw him cross the street.我看到他穿過了大街。I saw him crossing the street.我看到他正在穿過大街。I saw him surrounded by a group of students.我看到一群學(xué)生圍著他。4介詞with和without后面可接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)常表示將來(lái)；現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)常表示賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系或正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)常表示賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系或已經(jīng)完成。如：I cant go out with all these dishes to wash.All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.【典例分析】 (xx四川高考，8)I looked up and noticed a snake_its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.Ato wind BwindCwinding Dwound答案為C項(xiàng)。句意：我抬起頭來(lái)，注意到一條蛇為了捉到它的早餐，正盤旋著往樹上爬。在感官動(dòng)詞noticed后面，賓語(yǔ)a snake和wind為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在分詞形式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行。(xx遼寧高考，25)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ them.Ato follow BfollowingCfollowed Dfollows答案為B項(xiàng)。句意：這對(duì)老年夫婦經(jīng)常晚飯后去公園散步，后面跟著他們的寵物狗。此處是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，可排除D項(xiàng)；由于賓語(yǔ)dog與follow之間為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，可排除C項(xiàng)；不定式一般表示將來(lái)，可排除A項(xiàng)；答案為B項(xiàng)，現(xiàn)在分詞形式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。考點(diǎn)七：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式、進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式均是在前面加not。He pretended not to see me.I regret not following his advice.Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam.2不定式的進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式。當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作(情況)發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，不定式要用進(jìn)行式。The boy pretended to be working hard.當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式要用完成式。I happened to have seen the film.當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)為不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)式。The patient asked to be operated on at once.3動(dòng)名詞的完成式、被動(dòng)式、完成被動(dòng)式和帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。We remembered having seen the film.He came to the party without being invited.He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.His not knowing English troubled him a lot.4現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式和被動(dòng)式。當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作早于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞要用完成式。Having done his homework，he played basketball.當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為其動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞要用被動(dòng)式。The problem being discussed is very important.Having been told many times，the naughty boy made the same mistake.【典例分析】 (xx湖南高考，21)Weve had a good start，but next，more work needs _ to achieve the final success.Abeing done BdoCto be done Dto do答案為C項(xiàng)。句意：我們已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)很好的開端，但要想獲得最終的成功，接下來(lái)更多的工作還需要完成。主語(yǔ)more work與后面的do存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以needs后面要用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式或不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語(yǔ)。(xx福建高考，28)China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _ in the South China Sea.AattackingBhaving attackedCbeing attackedDhaving been attacked答案為C項(xiàng)。由于Chinese fishing boats與attack之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以排除表示主動(dòng)的A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)；由句意“最近中國(guó)加緊對(duì)黃巖島附近水域的控制來(lái)阻止中國(guó)漁船在中國(guó)南海受到攻擊”可知attack的動(dòng)作并沒有發(fā)生，因此排除表示完成的D項(xiàng)；故答案為C項(xiàng)。(xx重慶高考，28)Were having a meeting in half an hour.The decision _ at the meeting will influence the future of our pany.Ato be made Bbeing madeCmade Dhaving been made答案為A項(xiàng)。根據(jù)第一句in half an hour可知，會(huì)議還沒有開始，因此決定還沒有做出，只是將要做出，故排除B、C、D三項(xiàng)；不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將來(lái)，符合題意。句意：半小時(shí)后我們將舉行一次會(huì)議，在會(huì)議上將要做出的決定會(huì)影響我們公司的將來(lái)。誤區(qū)警示1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(xx上海高考，33) When Peter speaks in public，he always has trouble _ the right things to say.Athinking of Bto think ofCthought of Dthink of【錯(cuò)混透析】Ahave trouble (in) doing sth.為固定句式，意為“做某事有困難(麻煩)”，故A項(xiàng)正確。該題易誤選B項(xiàng)，主要是沒有看清這是一個(gè)固定句式?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 解答非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)的題目，應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)：(1)有的動(dòng)詞后面只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)；有的動(dòng)詞后面只能接動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)；有的動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)詞ing形式均可，意義區(qū)別不大；還有部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)詞ing形式時(shí)，含義不同。應(yīng)牢記這幾類不同的動(dòng)詞。(2)有些短語(yǔ)中的to是介詞，應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，不要誤認(rèn)為是不定式符號(hào)，而接動(dòng)詞原形。(3)有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞in或from常省略，后面應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞ing形式。2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(xx江西高考，32)On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall，Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.Asays BsaidCsaying Dto say【錯(cuò)混透析】 C句意：一接到妻子的電話說(shuō)她摔倒的時(shí)候，戈登先生立刻從辦公室沖回家。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看，此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)修飾phone call，由于phone call 和say之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞ing的形式。(xx全國(guó)高考，15)The island，_ to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.Ajoining Bto join Cjoined Dhaving joined【錯(cuò)混透析】 Cjoin A to B意為“把A與B連接起來(lái)”。此處邏輯主語(yǔ)the island與join為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用過去分詞作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句which is joined to.。(xx湖南高考，31)The lecture，_ at 7：00 pm last night，was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.Astarting Bbeing startedCto start Dto be started【錯(cuò)混透析】A句意：報(bào)告于昨晚七點(diǎn)開始，報(bào)告之后便是用望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀察月球。start在此用作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“開始”，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于which started.。不定式一般表示將來(lái)，C、D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；若start用作及物動(dòng)詞，則此處需表示被動(dòng)，而B項(xiàng)being started 表示正在開始，時(shí)間上錯(cuò)誤。如果忽視了報(bào)告的時(shí)間，該題易誤選C項(xiàng)。【解題指導(dǎo)】 解答非謂語(yǔ)形式作定語(yǔ)的題目，可以從三方面著手。(1)理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)，不要被假象所迷惑，確定所選的答案是用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的。(2)分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間。表示將來(lái)通常用不定式形式；表示進(jìn)行通常用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；表示完成通常用過去分詞形式。(3)分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與所修飾的名詞或代詞的邏輯關(guān)系。主動(dòng)關(guān)系通常用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；被動(dòng)關(guān)系通常用過去分詞形式。3非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(xx陜西高考，15)_ in a long queue，we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.AStanding BTo standCStood DStand【錯(cuò)混透析】A句意：我們排在長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的隊(duì)伍中，等著商店開門買一臺(tái)新的平板電腦。由于逗號(hào)前后沒有任何關(guān)聯(lián)詞，所以不能選擇D項(xiàng)構(gòu)成祈使句；不定式在句首時(shí)通常作目的狀語(yǔ)，B項(xiàng)不合邏輯；分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知所填部分在句中作狀語(yǔ)，且句子主語(yǔ)we與stand之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選A項(xiàng)。如果不注意逗號(hào)前后的邏輯和時(shí)間關(guān)系，易誤選B項(xiàng)；如果不注意句與句之間的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系，有可能誤選D項(xiàng)。(xx天津高考，12)_ into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.ATranslatingBTranslatedCTo translateDHaving translated【錯(cuò)混透析】 B句子主語(yǔ)the sentence與translate為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)選過去分詞形式作狀語(yǔ)。(xx四川高考，11)Simon made a big bamboo box _ the little sick bird till it could fly.Akeep Bkept Ckeeping Dto keep【錯(cuò)混透析】 D根據(jù)句意和邏輯關(guān)系判斷，該題應(yīng)選不定式形式作目的狀語(yǔ)。【解題指導(dǎo)】 非謂語(yǔ)形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)。(1)不定式通常作目的狀語(yǔ)。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，與句子主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。(3)過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，與句子主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。4非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(xx四川高考，12)Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car_.Awashed BwashCwashing Dto wash【錯(cuò)混透析】Acar和wash為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選washed作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)。句意：在你開車駛?cè)脒@所城市前，你應(yīng)該先洗車?！癵et 賓語(yǔ) to do sth.”意為“使賓語(yǔ)做某事”，賓語(yǔ)與后面的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以邏輯關(guān)系判斷失誤會(huì)造成誤選D項(xiàng)。(xx浙江高考，14)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words.Alose BlostCto lose Dhaving lost 【錯(cuò)混透析】 B該題易誤選A項(xiàng)，考生可能會(huì)將find sb.do與find oneself done混淆。根據(jù)句意“即使最好的作家有時(shí)也會(huì)覺得自己無(wú)法用語(yǔ)言表達(dá)”可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)圍繞lose變化。lost for words為過去分詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)，意為“(驚訝，困惑等得)不知說(shuō)什么好”?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 非謂語(yǔ)形式可以在動(dòng)詞后面作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，也可以在with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。(1)在“一感(feel)二聽(hear，listen)三讓(let，make，have)四看(see，watch，notice，observe)”等動(dòng)詞后面，可以跟不帶to的不定式或者分詞作賓補(bǔ)。不定式表示動(dòng)作的全過程，說(shuō)明某事已發(fā)生；現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，還未結(jié)束，現(xiàn)在分詞和賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成，沒有一定的時(shí)間性，過去分詞和賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(2)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成是“with賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)”，賓補(bǔ)可以由分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)充當(dāng)。若用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示被動(dòng)和完成；用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行；用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)表示將來(lái)。5非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式、進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(xx浙江高考，19)If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city _ by their enthusiastic supporters.Abeing cheeredBbe cheeredCto be cheeredDwere cheered【錯(cuò)混透析】 C從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看，前面已經(jīng)有are going to tour，中間又沒有連詞，不可能出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)獨(dú)立謂語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)選非謂語(yǔ)形式，可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；A、C兩項(xiàng)都表示被動(dòng)，區(qū)別在于being done強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行，而動(dòng)詞不定式to be done表示將來(lái)。根據(jù)句子的時(shí)態(tài)判斷應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。(xx重慶高考，23) _ to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.AHaving been askedBTo askCHaving askedDTo be asked【錯(cuò)混透析】A由后句“I missed a wonderful film”可知，那晚上加班已經(jīng)發(fā)生，由于不定式表示將來(lái)，可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；ask與主語(yǔ)I 之間應(yīng)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式作狀語(yǔ)。句意：那天晚上被要求加班，我錯(cuò)過了一場(chǎng)好看的電影。如果主語(yǔ)與ask的邏輯關(guān)系判斷失誤，有可能會(huì)誤選C項(xiàng)，如果忽視了發(fā)生的時(shí)間，有可能會(huì)誤選D項(xiàng)?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 具體運(yùn)用中，不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞可以有多種形式，過去分詞只有一種形式。(1)當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，不定式要用進(jìn)行式；當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式要用完成式；當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)為不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)式。(2)當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作早于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞要用完成式；當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為其動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞要用被動(dòng)式。(3)現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式和過去分詞都表示被動(dòng)和完成，兩種形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)?？苫Q，但作定語(yǔ)時(shí)只能用過去分詞形式，不能用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式。1(xx山東德州期末，31)_ himself to the life abroad，he has to keep his knowledge and skills updated.ATo acmodateBAcmodatingCHaving acmodatedDAcmodated2(xx山東淄博六中四模，24) What made me sad was that I went to see her the day before yesterday _ her dead on her bed.Ato findBfindingCfound Dfind3(xx山東萊州一中二模，32)Is Bob still working in your school? Im afraid not.He is said _ and _ in a private school recently.Ato resign；to teachBto have resigned；to teachCto resign；to teachDto have resigned；to be teaching4(xx山東東營(yíng)利津二模，31) Cao Caos tomb is reported _ in Anyang，which attracts nationwide attention.Abeing foundBto be foundChaving been foundDto have been found5(xx濟(jì)南四模，14)What do you think made Maria upset? _ the English exam.AFailingBAs she failedCFailedDBecause of failing6(xx甘肅武威六中二診，9)University of Cambridge，_ in 1209，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.Afound BfoundingCfounded Dto be founded7Under the environment of fierce petition，the only way John could imagine _ stress was to get tougher by making greater efforts.Ahandling Bto handleChandled Dhaving handled8(xx濟(jì)南一模，6) In the yard was an old man telling stories，with quite a few children _ him.Ato surroundBsurroundedCsurrounding Dbeing surrounded9(xx濟(jì)南一中期末，29) A fire broke out in the building at 7：30 on Tuesday morning，_ in the death of a young girl.Ahaving resultedBresultedCbeing resultedDresulting10(xx山東菏澤實(shí)驗(yàn)高中月考，26) _ this problem，they dont know how to deal with it.AFace BFacedCFacing DTo be faced11(xx山東實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)二模，24) _all the doors were locked，Mr.Goodman left for New York on holiday.AChecking BCheckedCTo check DHaving checked12(xx山東淄博六中五模，29) The TV play _ the story of Brother Sharp (犀利哥) will be made soon.Abeing based onBbased onCbe based onDbasing on13(xx山東棗莊期末，23) Though _ to see us，he gave us a warm wele.Asurprise Bto be surprisedCsurprising Dsurprised14(xx山東萊蕪期末，30)Do you think you could get this parcel _ for me，please?Consider it done!Ato mail BmailedCmailing Dmail15(xx山東聊城五校期末，26) My uncle sang a few old songs，my aunt _ the piano to acpany him.Aplayed Bto playCplaying Dplay參考答案八、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞命題調(diào)研明晰考向真題試做1A考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：?jiǎn)讨螒?zhàn)后回來(lái)，卻被告知妻子已離他而去了。此處應(yīng)用不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示意料之外的結(jié)果，而且主語(yǔ)George和tell之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用to be told。2A考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：看那邊有一條蜿蜒曲折的小路通向那所房子。前面已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故此處要選用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，因此排除B項(xiàng)，且path與lead之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除C項(xiàng)，此處是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)，leading相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句which leads，故此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。3B考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，若不定式和它修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且又和該句主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式。該題中plete和readings之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但是plete同時(shí)又和句子的主語(yǔ)I存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式作定語(yǔ)。句意為“在這一學(xué)期結(jié)束之前，我有很多材料要閱讀完”。4A考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為“起居室既干凈又整潔，里面有一張?jiān)缫逊藕玫念A(yù)備要開飯的餐桌?！眞ith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成是：with賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)，賓補(bǔ)可以由分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)充當(dāng)，其中賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。若用過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)和完成；用現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行；用動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示將來(lái)。由語(yǔ)境可知，要用過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示桌子早已被放好了。創(chuàng)新模擬預(yù)測(cè)演練1Aacmodate oneself to意為“使自己適應(yīng)”，根據(jù)句意判斷逗號(hào)前面是后面的目的，所以選用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。2A根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選不定式形式，表示出人意料的結(jié)果。3D根據(jù)句意看出鮑勃已經(jīng)辭職，現(xiàn)在正在一家私立學(xué)校教書，所以第一個(gè)空應(yīng)用不定式的完成式，第二個(gè)空應(yīng)用不定式的進(jìn)行式。4D句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，安陽(yáng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了曹操墓，引起了全國(guó)(民眾)的關(guān)注。be reported后面必須接不定式形式，而且從句意看出“已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)”，所以用不定式的完成式表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。5A該題的答語(yǔ)為省略句，完整的回答為“(I think) Failing the English exam (made Maria upset)”，所以應(yīng)選動(dòng)名詞形式作主語(yǔ)。6C動(dòng)詞found“創(chuàng)立，建立”和其邏輯主語(yǔ)University of Cambridge“劍橋大學(xué)”之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式作定語(yǔ)，答案為C項(xiàng)。7B該句中John could imagine作the only way的定語(yǔ)，考查結(jié)構(gòu)the way to do sth.，故選B項(xiàng)。8C該句用到了with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，由于賓語(yǔ)quite a few children與surround是主謂關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在分詞形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。9Dresult in意為“導(dǎo)致”，主語(yǔ)A fire與其為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在分詞形式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示失火后自然而然地造成的結(jié)果。10Cface意為“面對(duì)著”，與句子主語(yǔ)they是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語(yǔ)。11D不定式通常表示將來(lái)，可排除C項(xiàng)；句子主語(yǔ)與check為主謂關(guān)系，且從句意看出“已經(jīng)檢查”，所以應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語(yǔ)。12B根據(jù)后面的謂語(yǔ)will be made可知此處應(yīng)選非謂語(yǔ)形式；base.on.意為“把作為的基礎(chǔ)；把建立在基礎(chǔ)之上”，The TV play與base之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)選過去分詞形式作定語(yǔ)。13Dsurprise為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“使吃驚”，與句子主語(yǔ)he之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)選過去分詞形式，此處是Though he was surprised to see us的省略。14Bget為使役動(dòng)詞，意為“使得”，“get賓語(yǔ) to do”結(jié)構(gòu)意為“使做某事”，“get賓語(yǔ) done”結(jié)構(gòu)意為“使被做”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。15C由于沒有連詞，所以逗號(hào)后面不能構(gòu)成句子，可排除謂語(yǔ)形式的A、D兩項(xiàng)；不定式通常表示將來(lái)，不合句意；答案為C項(xiàng)，my aunt與現(xiàn)在分詞形式構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。