2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題整合突破七 非謂語動(dòng)詞.doc

2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題整合突破七 非謂語動(dòng)詞真題試做1(xx湖北高考，73)It was cold and damp；the man pulled up his collar and put his hands to his _.(freeze)天氣陰冷，這名男子豎起衣領(lǐng)，將手放在他凍僵的臉上。2(xx湖北高考，74)_，he looked for them everywhere.(hold)把鑰匙握在手上，他卻到處找它們。3(xx湖北高考，77)A number of paintings in this castle are believed _ in a fire in xx.(destroy)人們認(rèn)為這座城堡里面的大量油畫在xx年的一次大火中被毀了。4(xx武漢五月調(diào)研)The children，once _ and guidance，can realize their full potential.(give)一旦給予關(guān)注和指導(dǎo)，孩子們會(huì)充分認(rèn)識到他們的潛力。5(xx武漢五月供題)The farmer told me that his dream was _ to sing a song at the CCTV Spring Festival Evening Show.(invite)那位農(nóng)民告訴我，他的夢想是受邀上中央電視臺(tái)春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)唱一首歌?？枷蚍治龇侵^語動(dòng)詞的形式多樣，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，內(nèi)涵豐富，功能較多，最能體現(xiàn)英語獨(dú)特的形式特征，對近幾年湖北高考對非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查情況分析來看，主要有以下幾個(gè)重點(diǎn)：1非謂語動(dòng)詞基礎(chǔ)知識。2動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語；動(dòng)詞ing形式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)(包括其完成式及被動(dòng)語態(tài))；現(xiàn)在分詞作方式狀語、伴隨狀語和結(jié)果狀語的用法。3不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)變化(尤其是完成式和進(jìn)行式及其語態(tài))；不定式作目的狀語和結(jié)果狀語的用法；不定式作賓補(bǔ)的用法，特別是make，have，see等動(dòng)詞用于主動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)后跟省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的用法；不定式的省略和替代等。4過去分詞作定語、狀語、表語、補(bǔ)語的用法；過去分詞在獨(dú)立主格中的運(yùn)用及“連詞過去分詞作狀語”的用法。熱點(diǎn)例析1非謂語動(dòng)詞的作用不定式、動(dòng)詞ing形式和分詞統(tǒng)稱為動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式，它們在句中的作用如下表：主語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語不定式動(dòng)詞ing形式過去分詞2.不定式的常見考點(diǎn)(1)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和用法：一般式為：to do，被動(dòng)式為：to be done完成式：to have done，完成被動(dòng)式：to have been done不定式的完成式表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之前。進(jìn)行式：to be doing，不定式的進(jìn)行式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)正在進(jìn)行。完成進(jìn)行式：to have been doing，不定式的完成進(jìn)行式表示在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生以前開始進(jìn)行的行為，到謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)可能停止，也可能會(huì)將繼續(xù)下去。否定式：動(dòng)詞不定式的否定是在to之前加not/never。(2)It isadj.for/ofsb.to do.sb./sth.besupposed/expected/believed/said/reportedto do.Itbesupposed/expected/believed/said/reportedthat clausefind/think/feel/expect/consider/makeitadj.to do.notice/observe/see/watch/have/let/make/listen to/hearsb./sth.do.get/leave sb./sth. to do.(3)常見能接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：tell，want，wish，advise，order，get，require，expect，remind，persuade，encourage，convince，force，beg，allow，forbid，etc.(4)不定式表目的，常用to/so as to/in order to；不定式表結(jié)果常用于so.as to/such.as to/enough.to/too.to結(jié)構(gòu)，onlyto do常表出乎意料的結(jié)果。(5)“疑問詞不定式”在句中可作主語、賓語、表語和定語。針對訓(xùn)練：(1)The manager got to the airport hurriedly _ the plane was delayed by the weather.(tell)經(jīng)理匆匆忙忙地趕到機(jī)場結(jié)果卻被告知飛機(jī)因天氣原因而延誤了。(2)Leonardo da Vinci was said _ kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.(buy)據(jù)說列奧那多達(dá)芬奇買過裝在籠子中的鳥是為了享受放飛它們的樂趣。(3)It is those who are willing to give rather than receive _.(deserve)正是那些寧愿給予而不愿接受的人才值得尊敬。參考答案：(1)only to be told(2)to have bought birds(3)that deserve to be respected或that deserve respecting3動(dòng)詞ing形式的常見考點(diǎn)(1)動(dòng)詞ing形式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)：一般式：doing，被動(dòng)式：being done完成式：having done，完成被動(dòng)式：having been done否定式：notv.ing意義：動(dòng)詞ing形式的一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生；動(dòng)詞ing形式的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前。(2)常見接動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞及短語：admit，delay，dislike，excuse，resist，burst into，feel like，object to，admit to，get down to，have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.，have a good/wonderful/hard time in doing sth. etc.(3)部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)詞ing形式均可，意義區(qū)別不大。常見的有begin/start/continue/hate/like/love/prefer等。(4)部分動(dòng)詞(短語)后接不定式和動(dòng)詞ing形式時(shí)，含義不同，應(yīng)注意區(qū)分：rememberforgettrymeanstopgo onwant/need/requirecant help(5)用動(dòng)詞ing形式作主語的句型：It is/wasv.ingThere is/wasv.ing注意：There is no need to do sth.沒有必要做某事。(6)動(dòng)詞ing形式的前面可以帶上自己的邏輯主語構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。v.ing4分詞的用法(1)常跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的詞(短語)：notice，observe，see，watch，listen to，hear，leave，find，catch，feel，keep，send，get，have，etc.(2)常見特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：remain doing/to be done/donehave sb./sth. do/doing/doneget sb./sth. to do/doing/donewith sb./sth. to do/doing/done動(dòng)詞face，fill，lose等與介詞連用時(shí)，常用過去分詞作狀語；不與介詞連用時(shí)，常用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。從時(shí)間上看，不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生或完成；現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。從邏輯關(guān)系上看，不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語存在主謂關(guān)系；過去分詞與賓語存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。(3)分詞作狀語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語表示的必須是主語的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，即分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。現(xiàn)在分詞可以作時(shí)間狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語、方式狀語和伴隨狀語。表示原因，通常放在句首；表示結(jié)果，通常放在句尾。過去分詞作狀語：過去分詞的動(dòng)作與句子的主語是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。過去分詞可以作時(shí)間狀語、原因狀語、條件狀語、方式狀語和伴隨狀語。(4)連接詞非謂語動(dòng)詞表示時(shí)間、條件和讓步的從屬連詞后可接分詞，在句中作狀語。針對訓(xùn)練：(1)The washing machine that he _ broke down again.(repair)這臺(tái)他請人修過的洗衣機(jī)又壞了。(2)With several problems _，I cant go fishing with you this weekend.(remain)有幾個(gè)問題要解決，這個(gè)周末我不能和你們一起去釣魚了。(3)When _，we often pay attention to the differences without noticing the many similarities.(pare)比較不同的文化時(shí)，我們常常將注意力放在那些不同的地方，而沒有注意那些相似之處。參考答案：(1)had had repaired(2)remaining to be solved(3)paring different cultures誤區(qū)警示1非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語易混點(diǎn)(xx湖北黃岡中學(xué)期中)Due to the husbands heavy load of work，the couple have decided _.(postpone)由于丈夫的工作負(fù)擔(dān)很重，這對夫婦已經(jīng)決定推遲要小孩。答案：to postpone having a/their baby【錯(cuò)混透析】 本題主要考查不同動(dòng)詞后接不同的非謂語作賓語的用法。decide to do sth.“決定做某事”；postpone doing sth.“推遲做某事”。如果不能很好的掌握它們的用法就很容易出錯(cuò)?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 解答非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語的題目，應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)：(1)有的動(dòng)詞后面只能接不定式作賓語；有的動(dòng)詞后面只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語；有的動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞均可，意義區(qū)別不大；還有部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，含義不同。應(yīng)牢記這幾類不同的動(dòng)詞。(2)有些短語中的to是介詞，應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語，不要誤認(rèn)為是不定式符號，而接動(dòng)詞原形。(3)有些動(dòng)詞短語中的介詞in或from常省略，后面應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞形式。2非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語的易混點(diǎn)They sat down around the fire and warmed their _.(freeze)他們圍著火堆坐下來溫暖他們凍僵的手。答案：frozen hands【錯(cuò)混透析】 由語意可知“手應(yīng)是被凍僵”，即“hands”與“freeze”之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。The ability _ is as important as the idea itself.(express)表達(dá)想法的能力和想法本身同樣重要。答案：to express an idea【錯(cuò)混透析】 該題考查不定式作定語修飾前面“the ability”。John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _ it.(offer)約翰真的已經(jīng)得到了這份工作，因?yàn)樗o我展示了給他提供這份工作的公函。答案：offering him【錯(cuò)混透析】 提供某物給某人為“offer sb.sth.”，故offer與the official letter之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語修飾其前的名詞?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 解答非謂語形式作定語的題目，可以從三方面著手：(1)理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)，不要被假象所迷惑，確定答案是用來修飾名詞或代詞。(2)分析非謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間。表示將來通常用不定式形式；表示進(jìn)行通常用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；表示完成通常用過去分詞形式。(3)分析非謂語動(dòng)詞與所修飾的名詞或代詞的邏輯關(guān)系。主動(dòng)關(guān)系通常用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；被動(dòng)關(guān)系通常用過去分詞形式。3非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語的易混點(diǎn)(xx天津高考，11)He got up late and hurried to his office，_ the breakfast untouched.Aleft Bto leaveCleaving Dhaving left【錯(cuò)混透析】 C句意：他起床晚了，匆忙趕往辦公室，早餐一動(dòng)沒動(dòng)。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語表自然而然的結(jié)果。(xx四川高考，6)Tom took a taxi to the airport，only _ his plane high up in the sky.Afinding Bto findCbeing found Dto have found【錯(cuò)混透析】Bonly后接不定式形式表示意想不到的結(jié)果。to have done表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前，與句意矛盾。句意：湯姆乘出租車去了機(jī)場，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)飛機(jī)已經(jīng)飛在高空了。(xx湖南高考，23)Time，_ correctly，is money in the bank.Ato use Bused Cusing Duse【錯(cuò)混透析】 B句意：如果時(shí)間運(yùn)用得當(dāng)，就會(huì)變成銀行里的錢。此處是非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，其邏輯主語time與use之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。(xx陜西高考，15)_ in a long queue，we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.AStanding BTo standCStood DStand【錯(cuò)混透析】 A句意：我們排在長長的隊(duì)伍中，等著商店開門買一臺(tái)新的平板電腦。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知所填部分在句中作伴隨狀語，且句子的主語we與stand之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 非謂語形式作狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)。(1)作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，不定式表出乎人意料的結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在分詞表自然而然的結(jié)果。不定式通常也可作目的狀語。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，與句子主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。(3)過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，與句子主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。4非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語的易混點(diǎn)(xx湖北部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)一次聯(lián)考)With online shopping being popular，people can buy a great diversity of goods on the internet and _ to their homes.(deliver)隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)購物的流行，人們可以在網(wǎng)上購買各種商品并讓人送貨上門。答案：have/get them/goods delivered【錯(cuò)混透析】 have/get sth.done“使/讓某人做某事”，goods與deliver之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。(xx四川高考，8)I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.Ato wind BwindCwinding Dwound【錯(cuò)混透析】 C句意：我抬起頭來，注意到一條蛇正盤旋著往樹上爬，去捕捉它的早餐。snake和wind之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，蛇在往樹上爬，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。故選C項(xiàng)。(xx湖北宜昌質(zhì)檢)With something urgent _，the general manager hurried back to his office early in the morning.(deal)由于有一些緊急的事情要處理，總經(jīng)理一大早就匆忙回到他的辦公室。答案：to deal with【錯(cuò)混透析】 with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成為with賓語賓補(bǔ)。用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)表尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 非謂語形式可以在動(dòng)詞后面作補(bǔ)語，也可以在with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中作補(bǔ)語。(1)在“一感(feel)二聽(hear，listen)三讓(let，make，have)四看(see，watch，notice，observe)”等動(dòng)詞后面，可以跟不帶to的不定式或者分詞作賓補(bǔ)。不定式表示動(dòng)作的全過程，說明某事已發(fā)生；現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，還未結(jié)束，現(xiàn)在分詞和賓語之間存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成，過去分詞和賓語之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(2)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成是“with賓語賓補(bǔ)”，賓補(bǔ)可以由分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語等來充當(dāng)。若用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示被動(dòng)和完成；用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行；用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)表示尚未發(fā)生。5非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式、進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式易混點(diǎn)(xx湖北襄陽期末)_ in history，the city is now on the World Heritage List，offering a series of tourist sites.(destory)這座城市在歷史上多次遭到破壞，目前被列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄，為游客提供一系列的旅游景點(diǎn)。答案：Having been destroyed many times【錯(cuò)混透析】 由句意可知“多次遭受破壞”是被動(dòng)且發(fā)生在“被列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄”之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動(dòng)形式作原因狀語。The palace is believed _ in a war around 1700 BC.(destroy)大家認(rèn)為這座宮殿在公元前1700年的一次戰(zhàn)爭中被毀了。答案：to have been destroyed【錯(cuò)混透析】 考查句型“sth./sb.bev.edto do”中不定式的運(yùn)用。根據(jù)句意可知“宮殿”是“被毀”，所以用被動(dòng)，而且“毀掉”的動(dòng)作已完成，所以用完成時(shí)?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 具體運(yùn)用中，不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞可以有多種形式，過去分詞只有一種形式。(1)當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，不定式要用進(jìn)行式；當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式要用完成式；當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語為不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)式。(2)當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作早于謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞要用完成式；當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語為其動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞要用被動(dòng)式。(3)現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式和過去分詞都表示被動(dòng)和完成，兩種形式作狀語時(shí)?？苫Q，但作定語時(shí)只能用過去分詞形式，不能用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式。1Many people seem to overlook the basic fact：the major function of clothing is _ and warm.(keep)很多人忽視了這個(gè)基本事實(shí)：衣服的主要功能是保持我們舒適溫暖。2_ by Haixing shipbuilding Plant，where he worked for 16 years，was a heavy blow to him.(lay)從他工作了16年的海星造船廠下崗對他是一個(gè)沉重的打擊。3Unless properly _，the disease will spread rapidly across the country.(deal)除非正確應(yīng)對，否則這種疾病會(huì)在全國迅速傳播。4I really dont know where I _.(have)我真的不知道我的錢在哪兒被偷的。5Though your position is well written，much remains _.(improve)盡管你的作文寫得很好，還是有不少地方有待改進(jìn)。6(xx武漢四月調(diào)研)The clever student，once _，dropped out of Chinas top universities twice.(addict)那個(gè)曾迷戀上網(wǎng)的聰明學(xué)生兩次從中國頂尖大學(xué)輟學(xué)。7_ in every aspect of social development，education is worth any great investment.(play)教育在社會(huì)發(fā)展中的每一個(gè)方面都起著關(guān)鍵作用，值得大力投資。8_ many times by false advertisements，the old lady would not buy any products advertised on TV.(take)多次被虛假廣告所欺騙，這個(gè)老婦人再也不會(huì)買電視廣告的商品了。9_ of the new organization really delights everyone and we all think he deserves it.(appoint)他被任命為新組織的主席使每個(gè)人都很高興，我們都認(rèn)為這也是他應(yīng)得的。10_ and sweet，this kind of food is so popular with local people and the tourists.(smell)這種食物聞起來新鮮香甜，很受當(dāng)?shù)厝撕陀慰偷臍g迎。11_ his own business，Mr.Gates always spares half a day acpanying his single son every weekend.(occupy)雖然忙于自己的公事，每周末蓋茨先生總是抽出半天時(shí)間來陪伴他的獨(dú)子。12(xx湖北荊州中學(xué)質(zhì)檢二)The magnificent museum is said _ about a hundred years ago.(build)據(jù)說，那座宏偉的博物館建成于大約一百年以前。13(xx武漢四月調(diào)研)He hurried to the airport to meet his favorite film star，only _ that she had left.(inform)他匆忙趕到機(jī)場去見他最喜愛的電影明星，結(jié)果被告知她已走了。14(xx湖北襄陽十二月調(diào)研)More and more highways have been built，_ for people to travel from one place to another.(make)越來越多的高速公路已經(jīng)建成，使得人們從一地去另一地更加容易。15(xx湖北黃岡武穴中學(xué)十二月月考)Each time he gets his marks，he will regret _ his lessons.(focus)每次拿到分?jǐn)?shù)，他都會(huì)后悔沒有集中心思學(xué)習(xí)。16(xx湖北黃岡武穴中學(xué)十二月月考)_ his parents way of doing things，the boy can hardly e up with his own ideas when faced with problems.(convince)相信父母的處事方式，因此他面臨問題時(shí)難得有自己的見解。17(xx湖北荊州質(zhì)檢三)When his mother came home from work，he was lying on the sofa，_.(absorb)母親下班回家的時(shí)候，他正躺在沙發(fā)上專心致志地看書。18(xx武漢供題三)She felt quite excited with so many people _.(approve)有這么多人贊同她的決定，她感到很激動(dòng)。19(xx武漢供題三)The experiment shows that proper amount of exercise，if_ regularly，can improve our health.(carry)這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，有規(guī)律地進(jìn)行適量的運(yùn)動(dòng)，能增進(jìn)我們的健康。20_ what had happened，the man fell in deep thought，staring vacantly into space.(inform)那個(gè)人得知所發(fā)生的事情后陷入深深的沉思，茫然地發(fā)著呆。參考答案七、非謂語動(dòng)詞命題調(diào)研明晰考向真題試做1frozen face2Holding the/his keys in the/his hand或With the keys held in the/his hand或The keys held in the/his hand3to have been destroyed4given attention5to be invited創(chuàng)新模擬預(yù)測演練1to keep us fortable2Being laid off3dealt with4had my money stolen5to be improved6addicted to surfing the Internet7Playing a key role8Having been taken in9His being appointed as/to be chairman或That he has been appointed as/to be chairman10Smelling fresh11Although occupied with12to have been built13to be informed14making/which makes it much easier15not focusing(his mind) on/upon 或 not having focused(his mind) on/upon16Convinced of17(and was) absorbed in a(his) book18approving of her decision19(it is) carried out20Having been informed of或Informed of