高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法提分微點(diǎn)案 考點(diǎn)3 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

語(yǔ)法專題語(yǔ)法專題 語(yǔ)法提分微點(diǎn)案語(yǔ)法提分微點(diǎn)案考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)微視角大領(lǐng)悟微視角大領(lǐng)悟 微學(xué)堂漲分?jǐn)?shù)微學(xué)堂漲分?jǐn)?shù) 微考場(chǎng)新演練微考場(chǎng)新演練 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是語(yǔ)法填空題的?？键c(diǎn)，主要考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)在具體語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。解題時(shí)考生要先根據(jù)上下文或時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞判斷時(shí)態(tài)，然后根據(jù)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)判斷語(yǔ)態(tài)。 微視角大領(lǐng)悟微視角大領(lǐng)悟 練知考情會(huì)方法技巧練知考情會(huì)方法技巧1(2015新課標(biāo)卷)It was raining lightly when I _ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care.解析：句意：當(dāng)我在黃昏前到達(dá)陽(yáng)朔時(shí)正下小雨。但是我不在意。由后句“But I didnt care.”可知這里應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。2(2015新課標(biāo)卷)This cycle _ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night.解析：句意：這個(gè)循環(huán)日復(fù)一日的進(jìn)行。主語(yǔ)this cycle為單數(shù)形式；句子以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主；結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)day after day可知應(yīng)用goes。goes arrived 3(2015廣東卷)While making great efforts to run away, she _ (fall) over the hill and died.解析：此空前為主語(yǔ)she，故該空填謂語(yǔ)，又根據(jù)and后的謂語(yǔ)died，可知該空填fell。4(2015廣東卷)He made cheese and butter for the family with what _ (leave)解析：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，又因動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填was left。5(2014新課標(biāo)卷)A boy on a bike _ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.解析：句意：一個(gè)騎自行車的男孩子吸引了我的注意。他在公交車旁邊騎行并揮舞著手臂。所填詞是句子的謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)下句時(shí)態(tài)可知，catch my attention發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故填caught。caught fell was left 6(2014遼寧卷)Tai Chi _ (call) “shadow boxing” in English.解析：句意：太極在英文中被稱為“shadow boxing”。所填詞是句子的謂語(yǔ)，和句子的主語(yǔ)Tai Chi是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示“被稱為”；句子說(shuō)的是事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填is called。7(2014廣東卷)We _ (tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week.解析：句意：我們被告知那一周房間沒(méi)有預(yù)訂。所填詞是句子的謂語(yǔ)，和句子的主語(yǔ)we是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示“我們被告知”；由從句時(shí)態(tài)判斷出動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填were told。 is called were told 第一步，確定句子是否缺少謂語(yǔ)如果括號(hào)中給出的提示詞是動(dòng)詞，首先要分析句子成分。如果句子缺少謂語(yǔ)，那么空格處應(yīng)填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就要考慮使用合適的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。第二步，確定時(shí)態(tài)要根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或另一動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)判斷用哪種時(shí)態(tài)。第三步，確定語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯關(guān)系確定。主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)就應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。第四步，確定主謂一致要注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。1(2015四川卷短文改錯(cuò))As I tell you last time, I made three new friends here.答案與解析：telltold根據(jù)該句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last time，可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過(guò)去，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。2(2015浙江卷短文改錯(cuò))It was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.答案與解析：iswas前一句謂語(yǔ)用的是過(guò)去時(shí)，故將is改為was。3(2014遼寧卷短文改錯(cuò))This morning she starts barking even before 5 oclock.答案與解析：startsstarted由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this morning可知，此處“狗叫”是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。4The arrows were looked like rain.答案與解析：去掉were或lookedlook like“看起來(lái)像”為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式，故刪去were，也可刪掉looked，構(gòu)成be like短語(yǔ)，意為“像”。5(2014新課標(biāo)卷短文改錯(cuò))Since thenfor all these yearswe had been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please.答案與解析：hadhave句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是since then，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故將had改為have。6Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.答案與解析：drankdrunk根據(jù)句意及前面的was可知此處用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以用過(guò)去分詞。1時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)用通過(guò)上下文中“動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系”判斷是否有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的錯(cuò)用。根據(jù)and判斷前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是否一致。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞如since then, last time等判斷。2語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)用系動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，卻誤被用作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是否缺少be動(dòng)詞。 微學(xué)堂漲分?jǐn)?shù)微學(xué)堂漲分?jǐn)?shù) 語(yǔ)法精講明重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法精講明重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn) 110種時(shí)態(tài)的數(shù)學(xué)公式(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，客觀事實(shí)，現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。(3)一般將來(lái)時(shí)在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。(4)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。(5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。(6)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。(7)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。(8)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響和結(jié)果，也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。(9)過(guò)去完成時(shí)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。(10)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)從過(guò)去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作反復(fù)發(fā)生。2題干中常出現(xiàn)的標(biāo)志詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：sometimes, now and then, often, every day/week, on Sundays等。(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)：yesterday, last week, three years ago, the other day(幾天前), the day before yesterday, once upon a time, in 1990等。(3)一般將來(lái)時(shí)：next week, tomorrow, in a week, in the future, later on, the day after tomorrow等。(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：look, now, at present, at this moment, these days等。(5)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：then, at that time, those days等。(6)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：at this time tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from .to .tomorrow等。(7)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：lately, recently, so far, yet, ever since, by now, up to/until now, since then, in the last/past few days/years等。(8)過(guò)去完成時(shí)：by then, by that time, until then, by the end of 2012, before 1999, “by the time句子”等。(9)將來(lái)完成時(shí)：“by將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)間”， when/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。(10)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：all this morning, these few days, all night, this month, recently等。英語(yǔ)中的一些固定句式的時(shí)態(tài)常常很固定，如果題干中出現(xiàn)這種句式，注意根據(jù)規(guī)則選用需要的時(shí)態(tài)。1It is the first/second/.time that sb.have/has done .2It was the first/second/.time that sb.had done .3It is/has been時(shí)間段since sb.did .4It/This is the best/most interesting .名詞sb./sth.have/has done .5Sb.had just done sth.when .did .6Sb.was/were doing sth.when .did .7Its high time that sb.did .8Hardly/No sooner had sb.done sth.when/than sb.did .9在“祈使句and/or陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，陳述句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為will do。10時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的“主將從現(xiàn)”原則：如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，那么在由when, before, until, if, as soon as等引導(dǎo)的表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)；若主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則從句也用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。(2015安徽卷)If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety.如果你來(lái)中國(guó)參觀，你就會(huì)體驗(yàn)有驚人深度且多元化的文化。1被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成為“be過(guò)去分詞”，只要變換be的形式就可以得到不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，除be外被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式還有：get/become過(guò)去分詞。2只有及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常考的不及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)：last, cost, spread, happen (to), take place, belong to, break out, go out, run out, work out。3主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義(1)表示感受、感官的系動(dòng)詞如feel, sound, taste, look等，后面跟形容詞、名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，常常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。(2)當(dāng)sell, read, draw, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn等不及物動(dòng)詞后帶狀語(yǔ)(well/easily等)修飾，用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在的品質(zhì)或性能時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。(安徽卷)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty.在等待機(jī)會(huì)被提拔期間，亨利盡量履行好自己的職責(zé)。Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running out. We must act immediately before theres none left.洪水災(zāi)區(qū)的食品即將用完，我們必須在他們用完之前采取措施。 What about the books? Books of this kind sell well.這些書怎么樣？這種書很暢銷。 微考場(chǎng)新演練微考場(chǎng)新演練 好題巧練拿高考滿分好題巧練拿高考滿分 .單句訓(xùn)練1(2015重慶卷)Is Peter coming?No, he _ (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.解析：此處講述的是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。2(2015福建卷)To my delight, I _ (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.解析：句意：令我高興的是，我從數(shù)百名候選人中被選中參加開幕式。根據(jù)句意可知，主語(yǔ)I和choose之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，根據(jù)句首的to my delight可知，此處表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。was chosen changed 3(2015湖南卷)I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I _ (ask), “What do you wish me to do now？”解析：句意：當(dāng)我問(wèn)“你希望我現(xiàn)在干什么？”時(shí)，我無(wú)法隱藏我的渴望。主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。4(2015安徽卷)Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I _ (leave) my book in the cafe.解析： “到達(dá)”學(xué)校門口和“意識(shí)到”都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，而“書丟在咖啡店”發(fā)生在這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作之前，因此用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我到校門口時(shí)意識(shí)到把書落在了咖啡館。5(2015安徽卷)It is reported that a space station _ (build) on the moon in years to come.解析：本句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為in years to come，表示將來(lái)；并且a space station和build之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。will be built asked had left 6(2015北京卷)Did you have difficulty finding Anns house?Not really. She _ (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.解析：句意：你找到安的家費(fèi)了很大勁兒?jiǎn)?？沒(méi)有。她給了我們非常清楚的指示，我們很容易就能找到她家。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，“給出指示”發(fā)生在“找到她家”之前，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。7(2015陜西卷)Marty _ (work) really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by Friday.解析：從“hell have finished it by Friday”判斷，他一直在寫這本書，而且現(xiàn)在仍然在寫，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意：馬蒂一直在很刻苦地從事這本書的寫作，他覺(jué)得到周五他就能完成了。had given has been working 8(2015天津卷)Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she _ (teach) a class at that time.解析：句意：簡(jiǎn)不能參加今天下午三點(diǎn)的會(huì)議了，因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)時(shí)候她將正在上課。根據(jù)句意可知，“今天下午三點(diǎn)”是一個(gè)將來(lái)的時(shí)間，表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻正在做某事，因此用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。9(2015天津卷)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _ (reach) so far by the two sides.解析：句意：盡管之前有好幾輪的會(huì)談，但是迄今為止雙方仍然沒(méi)有達(dá)成協(xié)議。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)so far可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。will be teaching has been reached 10I found the lecture hard to follow because it _ (start) when I arrived.解析：句意：我覺(jué)得我聽不懂這個(gè)講座，因?yàn)槲襾?lái)的時(shí)候它已經(jīng)開始了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，start動(dòng)作發(fā)生在arrived之前，是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。11They made up their mind that they _ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.解析：句意：他們決定一旦拉里換了工作，他們就買一所新房子。根據(jù)句意可知buy這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)在made up their mind之后，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。would buy had started 12During his stay in Xian, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends _ (recommend)解析：句意：在西安期間，杰瑞嘗遍了他朋友推薦的所有的當(dāng)?shù)厥称贰６ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作“推薦”發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作“品嘗”之前，也就是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。13Whenever you _ (buy) a present, you should think about it from the receivers point of view.解析：句意：無(wú)論何時(shí)，你買禮物的話，都應(yīng)該從接受者的角度來(lái)考慮它。根據(jù)句意可知，此處指一般的客觀情況，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。had recommended buy 14She _ (phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away.解析：句意：她當(dāng)時(shí)正在給別人打電話，因此我朝她點(diǎn)了一下頭就走開了。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“當(dāng)時(shí)她正在打電話”，所以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。判斷句子的時(shí)態(tài)要根據(jù)句子的語(yǔ)境。根據(jù)下文的“I nodded to her and went away”可知是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，而且并未跟她說(shuō)話，可推知她正在打電話。15We wont start the work until all the preparations _ (make)解析：句意：直到所有的準(zhǔn)備工作都做好了我們才開始工作。主句中用將來(lái)時(shí)，until從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。are made/have been made was phoning .語(yǔ)法填空(2014廣東卷語(yǔ)法填空改編)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we _ (plan) for months. When the day came, we were ready.After our plane _ (land), we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months earlier, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We _ (tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, but for the week after. I didnt understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. were told it had planned landed Whats worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we _ (wonder) what to do, the manager came out. She was _ (surprise) helpful. She _ (apology) for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _ top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we werent charged extra. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach _ we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little _ (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.sunburned/sunburnt were wondering surprisingly apologized the where 解析：本文是講作者和其弟弟去Miami(邁阿密)旅游，當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)目的地后，來(lái)到六個(gè)月前訂的賓館，卻意外被告知訂的房間是下個(gè)星期的，且該賓館房間已訂滿。正當(dāng)不知如何辦時(shí)，經(jīng)理出來(lái)了，將他們安排在留出來(lái)的VIP房間，且不另外收他們的錢，這真是個(gè)意外的收獲。1考查代詞的用法。指代Miami，故用it。4考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子是過(guò)去時(shí)，且含義是“我們被告知”，故用被動(dòng)形式。6考查副詞。修飾形容詞helpful，用副詞。8考查定冠詞的用法。特指最高層。9考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，先行詞是beach，故用where。10考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意是“我們有一點(diǎn)被曬傷了”，用表示被動(dòng)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。故用sunburned/sunburnt。