天津市高考數(shù)學(xué)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題七 概率與統(tǒng)計(jì) 7.1 統(tǒng)計(jì)與統(tǒng)計(jì)案例課件 文

專(zhuān)題七概率統(tǒng)計(jì)專(zhuān)題七概率統(tǒng)計(jì)7.17.1統(tǒng)計(jì)與統(tǒng)計(jì)案例統(tǒng)計(jì)與統(tǒng)計(jì)案例-3-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4-4-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4-5-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4-6-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4-7-8-9-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4-10-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4-11-12-13-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4用樣本的數(shù)字特征估計(jì)總體【思考1】 樣本有哪些數(shù)字特征?這些數(shù)字特征反映了樣本數(shù)據(jù)的什么情況?【思考2】 莖葉圖刻畫(huà)數(shù)據(jù)有哪些優(yōu)點(diǎn)及不足?-14-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4-15-16-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4題后反思1.樣本的數(shù)字特征主要有:中位數(shù)、眾數(shù)、平均數(shù)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差、方差,中位數(shù)、平均數(shù)、眾數(shù)反映了這組數(shù)據(jù)的集中程度,反映了樣本數(shù)據(jù)的總體水平;而標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差、方差反映這組數(shù)據(jù)的波動(dòng)情況,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差或方差越大,波動(dòng)越大.2.莖葉圖刻畫(huà)數(shù)據(jù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn):(1)所有數(shù)據(jù)信息都可由莖葉圖看到;(2)莖葉圖便于記錄和表示,能反映數(shù)據(jù)在各段上的分布情況.3.莖葉圖刻畫(huà)數(shù)據(jù)的不足:莖葉圖不能直接反映總體的分布情況,這就需要通過(guò)莖葉圖給出的數(shù)據(jù)求出數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)字特征,進(jìn)一步估計(jì)總體情況. -17-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4-18-19-20-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4-21-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4-22-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4-23-24-25-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4題后反思當(dāng)兩個(gè)變量之間具有相關(guān)關(guān)系時(shí),才可通過(guò)線性回歸方程來(lái)估計(jì)和預(yù)測(cè).對(duì)兩個(gè)變量的相關(guān)關(guān)系的判斷有兩個(gè)方法:一是根據(jù)散點(diǎn)圖,具有很強(qiáng)的直觀性,直接得出兩個(gè)變量是正相關(guān)或負(fù)相關(guān);二是計(jì)算相關(guān)系數(shù)法,這種方法能比較準(zhǔn)確地反映相關(guān)程度,相關(guān)系數(shù)的絕對(duì)值越接近1,相關(guān)性就越強(qiáng). -26-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4-27-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4-28-29-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4-30-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4-31-32-33-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4-34-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練4(2017全國(guó),文19)海水養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)進(jìn)行某水產(chǎn)品的新、舊網(wǎng)箱養(yǎng)殖方法的產(chǎn)量對(duì)比,收獲時(shí)各隨機(jī)抽取了100個(gè)網(wǎng)箱,測(cè)量各箱水產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量(單位:kg),其頻率分布直方圖如下:-35-熱點(diǎn)1熱點(diǎn)2熱點(diǎn)3熱點(diǎn)4-36-37-38-39-40-41-42-43-44-45-46-47-