高中英語必修5 L14的語法知識北師大版高中英語必修5

REPORTED SPEECH定義：定義： 直接引語：直接引用別人的原話，并在原話前后加引號。直接引語：直接引用別人的原話，并在原話前后加引號。 例：例：He said: It is too late. 間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，多數(shù)以賓語從句的間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，多數(shù)以賓語從句的形式構(gòu)成。形式構(gòu)成。 例：例：He said it was too late. 人稱的變化：人稱的變化：在間接引語當(dāng)中，人稱要根據(jù)句子的意思做出相應(yīng)在間接引語當(dāng)中，人稱要根據(jù)句子的意思做出相應(yīng)的變化。如：的變化。如：第一人稱第一人稱 I /we 第三人稱第三人稱her/him/themeg: Listen to me,please! John says. John asks us to listen to him. She said: I am hungry. She said she was hungry. 第二人稱第二人稱 you 第一第一/ 三人稱三人稱 me/us/her/him/themJohn ordered us to repair an old pump.John ordered them to repair and old pump.I want you to repair an old pump. John says .第三人稱第三人稱 she /he/them/ 不變不變?nèi)宋锩Q人物名稱John/Natureao Natureao tells me/them. to give her a letter.“Please give her a letter” Natureao tells.第二：時態(tài)變化第二：時態(tài)變化直接引語變間接引語時，直接引語變間接引語時，間接引語間接引語的時態(tài)要與的時態(tài)要與主句主句的時的時態(tài)一致。態(tài)一致。 報道報道過去過去某人所說的話，間接引語的時態(tài)要改變。某人所說的話，間接引語的時態(tài)要改變。其規(guī)律如下圖其規(guī)律如下圖: 直接引語直接引語 間接引語間接引語 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時一般過去時 一般將來時一般將來時 現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時過去完成時 將來進行時將來進行時 將來完成時將來完成時 一般過去時一般過去時 過去完成時過去完成時 過去將來時過去將來時 過去進行時過去進行時 過去完成時過去完成時 不變不變過去將來進行時過去將來進行時 過去將來完成時過去將來完成時注意：注意：1.直接引語為直接引語為客觀真理客觀真理時，間接引語時態(tài)時，間接引語時態(tài)不變，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。不變，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。 Teacher told us: The moon moves round the earth. Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth. 2.直接引語為直接引語為一般過去時并且與具體時間狀語連用一般過去時并且與具體時間狀語連用時，間接時，間接引語仍用一般過去時。引語仍用一般過去時。 She said: I went to England in 1998. She said she went to England in 1998. 3. 主句為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時主句為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時的時的時候，間接引語時態(tài)不變。候，間接引語時態(tài)不變。 He says: I bought you a book yesterday. He says that he bought me a book yesterday. 第三：第三：指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化的變化 直接引語直接引語 間接引語間接引語 指示代詞指示代詞this that these those 時間狀語時間狀語now then today/tonight that day/that night yesterday the day before this week/year/term that week/year/term two years ago two years before tomorrow the next/following day next year the next year 地點狀語地點狀語 here there 動詞動詞 come go bring take 第四：句式變化1.陳述句陳述句變間接引語時，變間接引語時，用用that連接連接。 如：如：She said: I am a girl. She said that she was a girl. (that可以省略可以省略) 2.一般疑問句，選擇疑問句和反意疑問句變間接引語時，要一般疑問句，選擇疑問句和反意疑問句變間接引語時，要用陳述語氣，并要加連詞用陳述語氣，并要加連詞if或或whether。 例如：例如：She asked me: Are you Mr. Li? She asked me if I was Mr. Li. She asked us: Do you want to go on a picnic? She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic. 3.特殊疑問句變間接引語要用特殊疑問特殊疑問句變間接引語要用特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。詞引導(dǎo)。 例如：例如：How much have we spent on petrol this year, Susan asked her husband. Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year. 4.祈使句變間接引語，祈使句變間接引語，一改二變?nèi)铀娜ヒ桓亩內(nèi)铀娜ァ?一改：一改：said (to) 改為改為asked或或told, ordered等等 二變：二變：said to 的賓語變?yōu)榈馁e語變?yōu)閍sked等的賓語等的賓語 三加：三加：即在動詞原形前加即在動詞原形前加to，使成為動詞不定式使成為動詞不定式 四去：四去：去掉去掉please 例：例：He said to her: Dont take the book away. He asked her not take the book away. Complete the ruleWhen we report peoples requests or orders we use the pattern:infinitive (to +verb)ask /tell /order somebody +_When the order or request is negative, we use the pattern: ask / tell /order somebody + + infinitive (to verb)not5.感嘆句變?yōu)殚g接引語感嘆句變?yōu)殚g接引語 What awful weather it is! she said. She complained about the awful weather. Report these orders and requests. Use the beginnings provided.1. “Could you lend me a Pen ?” Peter asked me2. “Dont lose the receipt. Its important.” The salesgirl instructed the shopper not to lose the receipt.to lend him a pen.4. “Can you give me a lift home?” Mary asked John 3. “Check for errors, Please.” The teacher ordered the class to check for errors. to give her a lifthome/ if he could give her a lift home.5. “Dont drink that liquid. I dont think its water.” The boy advised the girl not todrink that liquid.6. “Read the text and answer the comprehension questions.” The teacher told the students to read the text and answer the comprehension questions.The manager of an office is ill and, on the phone, gives her assistant instructions for the people in the office. Rewrite the instructions starting with Tell.1. Mrs. Smith must cancel my trip to Paris.2. John must move Peters desk to room 308. Tell Mrs. Smith to cancel my trip to Paris.Tell John to move Peters desk to room 308.3. He shouldnt announce the results before the end of the month. Tell him not to announce the results before the end of the month.5. Mary mustnt send the charts off before I come back. 4. He should consult Mr. Jensen about the new account on the 24th.Tell him he has to pick up Mr. Jensen from the airport on the 24th.Tell Mary not to send the chartsoff before I come back.6. She should prepare the information I need for my presentation.Tell her to prepare the information I need for my presentation.Read the notice on how to behave on the first day in a new job. Report each piece of advice.The notice advises people to be friendly and kind, and tells them not to wear casual clothes.The notice tells people not to share very personal information.The notice tells people not to try to make friends with the boss.The notice tells people to listen rather than speak and learn as much as possible about the joband the company.The notice tells people to work hard and not to spend too much time chatting or resting.The notice tells people to keep their desk tidy at all times.The notice tells people not to quarrel with anyone.