冀教版英語必修3 Unit7 New Waves of Technology PPT2

UNIT 7 SECTION 2 課件NOUNS AND THE USE OF THE In the last unit,we discussed the use of the before proper nouns.Now,lets look at some more types of nouns and the use of articles before them 1 Using the before abstract nouns Abstract nouns are the names of things you cant visualize.They are usually the names of a c o n d i t i o n o r q u a l i t y , s u c h a s realibility;attention;and knowledge.In other words you cant form a picture of these words without attaching them to some personal experience of your own.A noun is usually a b s t r a c t i f i t e n d s i n o n e o f t h e s e suffixes:tion;ism;ity;ment;ness;age;ance/ence;ship;and ability. In general,when an abstract noun is used to represent a general,abstract idea or concept,no article should be used before it .Examples: Friedship is based on shared interests. Knowledge is power. However,when a abstract noun is used to mean something specific rather than a general idea,we should use pare the following pairs of sentences: A Our English teacher has a strong sense of humour. B We can catch the humour in the “ Fun of the Unit” A Good advice is priceless. B Danny refused to accept the advice. A At that time,France was on the verage of revolution. B The French Revolution changed the course of European history. Please note that sometimes we can use a/an before an abstract noun which refers to some specific action,person,thing,or something that causes some reaction.Examples: Its a pleasure to talk with you about grammar. Mathilde was a success at the party that evening . Danny was a disppointant to himself when he failed his test again. 2 Using the before material nouns A material noun is the name of a substance .For example: Miss Johnson has a bag in her hand.The bag is made of cloth. Which material is used to make Miss Johnsons bag? The material used to make Miss Johnsons bag is cloth. So,cloth is a material noun. Words such as water;milk;snow;steel;and iron are material nouns.In general,no article is used before a material noun when the noun represents a general idea or concept .For example: Water boils at 100 degrees centigrate. But when it is used to refer to something specific,the should be used. We enjoy listening to the sound of the water pouring down on the metal roof. NOW COMPARE THE FOLLOWING PAIRS OF SENTENCES: A Heavy rain is expected this summer B He enjoys walking in the rain A Tea is my favorite drink B This is the tea I like best A We couldnt live without air B The air in this city is terribly polluted. Please note that we can also use a/an before a material noun when we want to express the idea of a kind,type,or share.Example: What a heavy shower! Id like a coffee,please