初三英語總復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解講解加練習(xí) 課件.ppt

閱讀理解解題技巧點(diǎn)撥 主講人 趙文娟 一 先讀問題 弄清考查要點(diǎn) 以便能帶著問題看文章 這樣會(huì)心中有數(shù) 有的放矢 二 快速瀏覽全文 掌握全貌 注意發(fā)現(xiàn)與問題有關(guān)的信息 如果時(shí)間緊 至少要掃視一下起首段和尾段 再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來想一想 這樣全文大意便清楚了 此時(shí) 不要忙于答題 閱讀理解四步曲 三 細(xì)讀原文 捕捉相關(guān)信息詞 掌握短文細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容 這是解題的關(guān)鍵 應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn) 1 抓住四個(gè) W 和一個(gè) H 就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記 把What 事件 When 時(shí)間 Where 地點(diǎn) Why 原因 How 經(jīng)過 劃出來 抓住了四個(gè) W 和一個(gè) H 就抓住了文章的全貌 一些直接性的問題便可解決 2 抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞 代詞 介詞 插入語等 因?yàn)檫@些詞具有因果 讓步 遞進(jìn) 轉(zhuǎn)折 指代 列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能 這對(duì)考生分清文章層次 辨明各種關(guān)系 了解人物心理 推斷作者意圖 進(jìn)行邏輯推理等手段來分析難點(diǎn) 都具有舉足輕重的作用 3 注意領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的寓意 4 根據(jù)題意 初選答案 這一步須仔細(xì)審題 領(lǐng)會(huì)測(cè)試要求 確定解題方法 對(duì)那些明顯的 有把握的題可以斷然確定 不必把其余三個(gè)答案再作推敲而浪費(fèi)時(shí)間 有些略難的題 應(yīng)再查閱短文 不是重讀一遍 迅速找出依據(jù) 予以排除 常用的解題方法有如下幾種 直接解題法 即從原文中直接找出答案 歸納解題法 對(duì)于不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和線索的前題下進(jìn)行概括 歸納得出正確答案 綜合推理法 讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文 認(rèn)真分析 綜合推理及至計(jì)算 最后歸納出正確答案 題干中有 suggest conclude conclusion probably reason because accordingto 等字眼時(shí) 屬于推斷概括型 考查內(nèi)容著眼于全篇 考生應(yīng)具備一定的分析歸納 推理等邏輯思維能力 捕捉關(guān)鍵詞 在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)該注意與問題相關(guān)的同義詞 近義詞 反義詞或同位詞等信息詞來得出正確答案 轉(zhuǎn)換解題法 即原文這么說 而在問題和所給選項(xiàng)中則用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說法 但仍表示同一含義 排除法 根據(jù)語言 句法結(jié)構(gòu) 信息詞和常識(shí) 在沒有把握的選項(xiàng)中用排除法得出正確答案 四 重讀原文 仔細(xì)斟酌核對(duì)答案 在解完最后一道題后 如果時(shí)間允許 再將原文讀一遍 用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題 研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系 目的在于對(duì)所做答案進(jìn)一步審查 推出未解答的題 以便減少失誤 典型例題分析根據(jù)內(nèi)容 從短文后每題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳的一項(xiàng) MrBrownfirstwenttolookattheunderground firewhenhewasseven Throughthehole 洞 intheearthyoucouldseetheorangefire butyouhadtolookfastbecauseitwassohot saidMrBrown In1898 hesawthefireoncemore 再一次 Now wecanonlyseethesmoke ThefireMrBrownsawisnottheunderground fire Infact thereare260coal 煤 firesintheworld Theyareharmful 有害 anddangerous Thenhowtoputthemout Scientistshavetriedtoset 放置 firetoundergroundcoaltospeedup 加速 thefires Inthisway theburning 燃燒 ofundergroundcoalwouldbesoonfinished 被燒完 1 MrBrownfirstsawtheunderground fire A attheageofsevenB sevenyearsoldC intheyearof1898D morethan 超過 80yearsago2 MrBrownsaidthatwehadtotakeafastlookatthefirebecause A itwasintheholeB itwasveryhotC itwasorangeD itwasharmful3 Howmanycoalfiresarethereintheworld A There sonlyone B It shardtosay C Thereare260 D Thearticle 文章 doesn ttellus A B C 4 What soneofthebestwaystoputout 撲滅 theundergroundfire A Tocover 覆蓋 theholeswithstones 石塊 B Tospeedupthefires C Toseethefiresburning D Todosomeexperiments 試驗(yàn) 5 Whatisthebesttitle 標(biāo)題 forthearticle A WatchingtheUnderground Fire B AWaytoPutOuttheCoalFires C TheBurningEarth D CoalandCoalFires B B 分析 1 在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依據(jù) attheageofseven等于whenhewasseven 故正確答案為A 2 這一題可以在第一段里直接找到答案 屬于直接回答題 正確答案為B 3 這一題可以在第二段里直接找到答案 屬于直接回答題 正確答案為C 4 在文章的最后一段提到了撲滅火的最好方法 那就是使火加速燃燒 正確答案為B 5 完成這道題需作一定的歸納 因?yàn)槲恼轮袥]有給出直接的回答 文章從MrBrown兩次看火 然后說出地下火的危害 最后提出如何滅火的方法 文章的前兩段是給為什么要滅火和如何滅火鋪墊 如何滅火才是文章的中心 故正確答案為B 閱讀理解題型 tureorfause A B CorD Answerthequestions 一 根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容判斷正誤Fredtelephonedhiswife I vegottwofreeticketsforthetheatretonight hetoldher Meetmeoutsidetheoffice We llhavesomethingtoeatandthengoontothetheatre Fred swifewasverypleased Theyhadn tbeentothetheatreforalongtime Shemetherhusbandashetoldher Theyhaddinnerandgottothetheatrejustintime AttheentranceFredtookouthiswallettogetthetickets It sverystrange hesaid Theyaren there Tryyourpockets saidhiswife Buttheticketsweren tthere either ThenFredlookedveryembarrassed 尷尬 What sthematter askedhiswife Well Fredsaid IrememberwhatIdidwithmytickets Iputtheminmybag ButbecauseIwasn tgoinghome Ileftitintheoffice 1 Oneday Fredwasgiventheticketsforthetheatre 2 Fredandhiswifewenttothetheatrequiteoften 3 Fredwantedtomeethiswifeinarestaurant 4 Theyreachedthetheatreneitherlatenorearly 5 ThenFredcouldn tfindhisticketsandrememberedwhathehaddonewiththetickets 1 T因?yàn)榈谝欢沃刑岬紽redtoldhiswife I vegottwofreetickets free 此處是免費(fèi)的意思 2 F第二段中提到 Theyhadn tbeentothetheaterforalongtime 3 F第一段中Fred說 Meetmeoutsidetheoffice 4 T第二段中 intime 是及時(shí)的意思 5T結(jié)尾處提到的 DavidMcConnellsoldbooksfromdoortodoor Housewives 家庭主婦 werenotinterestedinthebooks Usuallybeforehehadenoughtimetosayanythingabouthisbooks thewomenclosedtheirdoors Buthedidn tgiveup McConnelldecidedtobringeachofthemapresent asmallbottleofperfume 香水 madebyhimself Hesoonfoundthatthewomenlikedtheperfumebetterthanthebooks Hestoppedsellingbookstosellperfumeinsteadandstartedhisowncompany Avon whichisagreatsuccess Whenyoudonothing youlearnnothing Butwhenyoutry eventhoughyouarenotsuccessful youwilllearnwhatdoesn tworkandthatputsyouclosertowhatwillwork Itdoesn tmatterhowmanytimesyouarenotsuccessful Itdoesmatterthatyouwillbesuccessfuloneday Edisonwasnotonthewaytosuccessuntilpeopleboughthisfirstinvention SuccessonceisenoughforEdison Andthesameforyou successonceisenough 1 McConnellwassuccessfulasabook seller 2 McConnellhopedthosewomenwouldbuyhisbooksifhebroughtthemeachapresent 3 Ifyoudonothingatall youwillneverbesuccessful 4 Edisonwassuccessfulattheverybeginning 5 Thewriterencouragedustotryasmuchaswecan FTTFT 1 F從第一段 Hestoppedsellingbookstosellperfumestead 可以判斷出他在推銷書方面并不成功 2 T第一段第三行提到 McConnelldecidedtobringeachofthemapresent 3 T這句是第二段前兩句的解釋 4 F最后一段 第一句說明Edison的發(fā)明被人們認(rèn)可后才走上了成功之路 5 T第二段中作者提出了自己的觀點(diǎn) Sociologists 社會(huì)學(xué)家 workinginwesterncountries havefoundthatalargenumberofwomenwishedtheyhadbeenbornmen Thenumberissaidtobeashighas60 inGermany Womenoftenwishtheyhadthesamechancesasmenhave andthinkitisstillmen sworld saidDrJamesHelen oneofthesociologistswhodidthestudy Manymensaythattheyhavemoredutiesthanwomen Amanhastomakemoneytosupport 養(yǎng)活 hisfamilyandtomaketheimportantdecision soitisrightformentobepaidmore Someareevenagainsttheirwivesworkingatall Whenwivesgoouttowork theysay thehomeandchildrencannotbe takengoodcareof Ifwomentakefull timejobs theywon tbeabletodowhattheyarebestatdoing makinganicehomeandbringingupthechildren Somewomendisagree Theysaytheywanttogetoutoftheirhomesandtohavefreedom 自由 tochoosebetweenworkandhomelife Womenhavetherightofequalpayandequalchances 平等機(jī)會(huì) AnneHarperhasaverygoodjob Shealsobelievesin Women sLiberation 解放 Idon twishIwereaman shesays andIdon tthinkmanywomendo ButIdowishpeoplewouldstoptreating 對(duì)待 uslikesecond classpeople Atwork forexample weusuallydotheworkthatmendobutgetpaidless Therearestillalotofjobsonlytomen usuallytheyarethebestones Ifyouareaman youhaveamuchbetterchanceoflivingawonderfullife Howmanywomenscientistsarethere orengineers 1 manymenthink A womencan tdowhatmencanB menhavetoworkmuchharderthanwomenC mencanmakemoneymoreeasilythanwomenD women sdutyismainlytodohouseworkathome 1 D這是一道概括主旨的題 答此題的依據(jù)是第三段內(nèi)容 這段開頭兩句話說的是重男 那么不言而喻 家務(wù)活和教育子女的任務(wù)應(yīng)有婦女承擔(dān) 另有一些男士則公開反對(duì)女士外出工作 可見 不少男士認(rèn)為婦女的主要職責(zé)是在家料理家務(wù) 2 Somewomenhavedifferentideas Theysaythat A womenneedchancestogooutofthehomemoreoftenB womenwantmorefreedomindecidingthekindoflifetheywantC ifwomenaregivenequalpay theycandoeverythinginsteadofmenD womenarenolongerinterestedintakingcareoftheirhomes 2 B一些婦女持不同觀點(diǎn) 文中第四段反映了他們的意見 這也正是文章的中心思想的寫作意圖 爭(zhēng)取人權(quán)平等 婦女自由 男女平等 3 AnneHarperdidn twishtobeaman A becauseshebelievedin Women sLiberation B butshewishedtogetthesamejobsasmenC becauseshehadgotagoodjobD butshewishedtotreatedthesameasaman 3 D安妮 哈珀不希望自己是男士 但她希望社會(huì)像對(duì)待男士一樣對(duì)待她 該題是一考查細(xì)節(jié)的題 答案在最后一段 4 AnneHarperthoughtthat A womenshouldliveabetterlifethanmenB womenshouldbereallyliberatedC womenshouldbegivenbetterjobsthanmenD womenshouldliveamorewonderfullife 4 B安妮 哈珀的想法正是作者的意圖 如最后一段寫到 Shealsobelievesin Women sLiberation 然后她又列舉了許多事實(shí) 其立意還是為了說明這一正確論點(diǎn) 5 Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage A Therearemoremenscientists engineersthanwomenones B Womenaresecond classpeople sotheyshouldn tliveabetterlife C Womendothesamejobsasmen butgetpaidlessthanmen D TherearesomebestJobsthatwomenhavefewchancestotake 5 B選題B的觀點(diǎn)在文中沒有出現(xiàn) 文中男士盡管擺出種種理由 但還沒有人敢明目張膽地發(fā)表歧視婦女的觀點(diǎn) 即把婦女作為二等公民 認(rèn)為婦女不應(yīng)生活的更美好 Haveyoueverheldatoyballoon 氣球 Theyareverylight Buttherearemuchbiggerballoons Theseballoonscanflyveryhighupinthesky Theyarebigenoughtocarrypeople Theyarecalledhot airballoons Tomakeahot airballoongoup turnontheburner 燃燒器 Thatwillmaketheairinsidetheballoonhotter Thentheballoonwillgoup Tomaketheballoongodown turnofftheburner Theairinsidetheballoonwillgetcooler Thentheballoonwillgodown Underneath 在 下面 theballoonthereisalargebasket Thatiswherethepilot 飛行員 andthepassengers 乘客 go Theburnerisjustabovethebasket Youcanstandinthebasketandturntheburneronandoff Theballoonwillgowherethewindblowsit Doyouwanttheballoontogosomewherespecial Firstmakesurethewindisblowingtherightway Peoplehavebeenflyinginhot airballoonsforovertwohundredyears Beforeplanesitwastheonlywayofflying Todaypeopleflyinhotairballoonsforfun Somepeopleliketoracehot airballoons ThefirstHot AirBalloonWorldChampionship 錦標(biāo)賽 washeldin1973 1 Ahot airballoonis A smallerthanatoyballoonB biggerthanatoyballoonC thesameasatoyballoonD lighterthanatoyballoon 1 B由 Buttheyaremuchbiggerballoons 可知 這里的比較級(jí)是與前面 atoyballoon 相比較 2 Wherewillyousitifyouwanttoflyintheballoon A Insidethebasket B OntopoftheballoonC UnderthebasketD Insidetheballoon 2 A這是一篇有關(guān)熱氣球的科普文章 需要考生熟知有關(guān)熱氣球的基本常識(shí) 熱氣球有燃燒器 也可叫加熱器 打開燃燒器 氣球內(nèi)氣體被加熱 氣球會(huì)上升 反之就下降 氣球下面是一個(gè)大籃子 飛行員或乘客在此處 燃燒器在籃子上方 熱氣球總要隨風(fēng)向飛行 3 Youwanttheballoontogoup Soyouwill A jumpoutiftheballoonB lettheairoutoftheballoonC maketheairinsidetheballoonhotterD lettheairinsidetheballooncooldown 3 C由第二段的敘述可知 4 Nowyouarehighupinthesky Ifyouwanttheballoongodown youwill A makeyourfriendsgetoutofthebasketB makeaholeintheballoonwithaknifeC maketheairinsidetheballoonhotterD maketheairinsidetheballooncooler 4 D由第三段的敘述可知 5 Noweverythingisallright Theballoonisflyingacrossthesky Whereareyougoing A Towardsthesun B Totheseaside C Wherethewindblowsyou D Tothenearestmountains 5 C由第六段的敘述可知 4 Bobwashappy Hewasatanewschool andtheotherstudentswerefriendly Hi Bob theysaid Butsomestudentssaid Hi Peter Bobdidn tunderstand Heaskedanotherstudent WhydosomestudentscallmePeter Oh that seasytoanswer thestudentssaid Petewasastudentherelastyear Nowhegoestoadifferentschool YoulooklikePeter Somestudentsthinkthatyou rePeter BobwantedtomeetPeter HegotPeter saddressfromastudentandwenttoPeter shouse Peteropenedthedoor Bobcouldn tbelievehiseyes HelookedreallylikePeter BobandPeterhadthesamecoloureyesandthesamesmile Theyhadthesameblackhair Theyalsohadthesamebirthday Andtheybothwereadopted 領(lǐng)養(yǎng) bytwodifferentfamilies BobandPeterfoundoutthattheyweretwinbrothers Soonaftertheboyswereborn onefamilyadoptedBob andanotherfamilyadoptedPeter Bob sfamilyneverknewaboutPeter andPeter sfamilyneverknewaboutBob BobandPeter sstorywasinthenewspaper TherewasaphotoofBobandPeternexttothestory AyoungmannamedJohnsawthephotointhenewspaper Johncouldn tbelievehiseyes HelookedreallylikeBobandPeter Hehadthesamecoloureyesandthesamesmile Hehadthesameblackhair Hehadthesamebirthday Andhe too wasadoptedbyanotherfamily LaterJohnmetBobandPeter WhenBobandPetersawJohn theycouldn tbelievetheireyes Johnlookedreallylikethem WhydidJohnlookreallylikeBobandPeter Youcanguess BobandPeterarenottwins Bob PeterandJohnaretriplets 1 HowdidBobfeelatanewschool 2 WhydidsomestudentsmistakeBobforPeter 3 WheredidBobseePeter 4 HowdidJohnknowthestory 5 Whatdoesitmeanby triplets doyouknow 1 Hewashappy 2 BecauseBoblookedlikePeterverymuch 3 InPeter shouse 4 Heknewthestoryfromthenewspaper 5 ItmeansBob PeterandJohnwerebornonthesameday andtheyarebrothers 8 Everyonebathesinadifferentway MostAmericansnevertakeabath Theysoapandrinse 沖洗 offundertheshower TheEnglishalwaystakeabath First theysitinabathtubfullofwarmwater Thentheysoapthemselves andfinally theyrinseoffthesoap allinthesamewater TheJapaneseontheotherhand firstwashwithsoapintheshower Thentheygoandsitinabathtubfullofwarmwaterfortwentyminutesormore Later othersinthefamilyusethesamewatertositandrelaxin TheThai 泰國人 donotgetintoashowerorabathtub Theystandinaroomorareaofahousewherethereisabigjar 罐子 fullofwater Withabowltheypourwaterfromthejaronthemselvessothatotherpeopledonotseetheirbodies TheThaialwayswearalongpieceofclothcalledapasinaroundtheirbodies Theywearthiswhentheyarebathing Everyonegetscleaninadifferentway Weknowthatwashingisgoodhealthyforus Butthiswasnottrueinthepast Upto1800 mostAmericansdidnotbathebecausetheythoughtitwasbadforthem Whatisthepassageabout 2 Whydopeopleoftenbathe 3 Whoneedsabathtubwhenhebathes 4 WhydotheThaiuseapasinaroundtheirbodieswhentheybathe 5 WhendidmostAmericansbegintobatheoften 1 Thewayspeoplebathe 2 Tomakethemselvesclean 3 TheEnglishandtheJapanese 4 Tokeepothersfromseeingtheirbodies 5 About200yearsago