中考英語(yǔ) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)課件 人教新目標(biāo)版

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) （The Passive Voice）中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞系列講座之：一、語(yǔ)態(tài)概述 所謂語(yǔ)態(tài)是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系。語(yǔ)態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的所表示動(dòng)作的承受者或?qū)ο髸r(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)都有不同的時(shí)態(tài)。Eg1. The students clean the classroom every day. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室。 （主語(yǔ)the students是打掃教室這一動(dòng)作發(fā)出者。）Eg2. The classroom is cleaned every day. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 教室每天都要打掃。(主語(yǔ)the classroom 是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞clean這一動(dòng)作的承受者。)二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法1. 不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。 Eg1. This watch is made in China. 2. 沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。 Eg1. More trees must be planted every year. 3. 需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。 Eg1. Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. (強(qiáng)調(diào)漢語(yǔ)的適用范圍廣泛)4. 動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是人時(shí)。 Eg1. Many houses were washed away in the flood. 三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成為： 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞be +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)都是由基本構(gòu)成推演出來(lái)的，具體表現(xiàn)為：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 主語(yǔ) + am/is/are +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+ 其他 Eg1. The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 主語(yǔ) + was/were +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 + 其他 Eg1. The kite was made by him yesterday.3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 主語(yǔ) + am/is/ are being + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 + 其他 Eg1. A new teaching building is being built in our school now. 4. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 主語(yǔ) + was/were being +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 + 其他 Eg1. A letter was being written by her at this time yesterday. 5. 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 主語(yǔ) + will/shall/be going to be +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 + 其他Eg1. More new teaching buildings will be built in the countryside next year. 6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 主語(yǔ) + have/has been + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 + 其他 Eg1. The work has been done by him already. 7. 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 主語(yǔ) + had been + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 + 其他 Eg1. The homework had been finished by him before 7 pm yesterday. 8. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 主語(yǔ) + would/should/(was/were) going to be +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 + 其他 Eg1. My mother said a big birthday cake would be made for me by her.9. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主語(yǔ) + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 + 其他 Eg1. The work can be done in a new way. 四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本步驟1. 把主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)（如是人稱代詞要由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘢?. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3. 主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)橛蒪y引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)（人稱代詞由主格變?yōu)橘e格）。4. 其他成分照抄。Eg1. People speak English in England. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 其它成分 English is spoken by people in England. 1、帶雙賓語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶雙賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可以將間接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化為主語(yǔ)，也可以將直接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化為主語(yǔ)。若將間接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化為主語(yǔ)，則保留直接賓語(yǔ)；若將直接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化為主語(yǔ)則保留間接賓語(yǔ)，且在被保留的間接賓語(yǔ)前加上介詞to或for。 Eg1. She gave me a book. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) -I was given a book. (間接賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)) -A book was given to me. (直接賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ))2、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 許多由不及物動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語(yǔ)，也可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的介詞或副詞。Eg1. We should speak to old men politely. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) -Old men should be spoken to politely. (to不可省略) 3、帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 賓語(yǔ)加上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只把賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)仍保留在原處，成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 Eg1. I heard Jane playing the piano in her room. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) -Jane was heard playing the piano in her room. 4、在主動(dòng)句中感官動(dòng)詞(feel/see/hear/watch/notice)和使役動(dòng)詞(let/make/have)后接省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)省略的to要重新加上去。 Eg1. He makes the girl stay at home. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) -The girl is made to stay at home. Eg2. Last Sunday we heard them sing Beijing Opera in the theater. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) -They were heard to sing Beijing Opera in the theater last Sunday. 五、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊形式五、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊形式have / get / make sth. done “使使/讓某事物被做讓某事物被做”u have my hair cut Eg1. I had my hair cut yesterday.u get my bike repaired Eg1. My bike is broken. I have to get it repaired.u get the ears pierced Eg1. Students at school cant get their ears pierced.六、以主動(dòng)的形式表示被動(dòng)的含義的情況：1、一些表示事物感官特性的動(dòng)詞如: look(看起來(lái)), sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)), smell(聞起來(lái)), taste(嘗起來(lái)), feel(摸起來(lái))當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為物體時(shí)，一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。Eg1. The idea sounds interesting. 這個(gè)主意聽(tīng)起來(lái)有趣。Eg2. This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布料摸起來(lái)很軟。2、write, sell, wash, cut, drive, open, lock, read, clean, burn等詞作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它們的主語(yǔ)為物，可用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。Eg1. This kind of shirt sells well here.Eg2. This pen writes smoothly.Eg3. The car drives well.3、want, need, require等詞表“需要”時(shí)，后邊可跟ing形式表被動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于to be done.My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired.七、江西省中考命題趨勢(shì) 江西省英語(yǔ)中考題每年都要涉及到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，下面我們來(lái)分析2007年至2011年這五年的中考原題。（2007）38.-I feel very happy that I _to be the host. -Congratulations!A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. have chosen【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。判斷語(yǔ)態(tài)必須看主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)中的choose 為及物動(dòng)詞，一般及物動(dòng)詞都要接賓語(yǔ)，題干中橫線后面沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)賓語(yǔ)，就說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)I為choose的承受者，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的選項(xiàng)A和D，由題意知道被選為主持人是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，不是經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故選C。C（2008）39. -How many cakes can I have, Mum? -None, dear. They _for your father. A. prepare B. prepared C. have prepared D. were prepared 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。通過(guò)審題可知答句的后一句的主語(yǔ)they是指前面提到的cakes，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是prepare (準(zhǔn)備)，蛋糕只能是“被準(zhǔn)備”的，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，選項(xiàng)中只有D為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。D（2009）40.I _ to get there before seven tomorrow, so Ill have to get up early.A. told B. have told C. will tell D. was toldD【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。題干的第一分句的主語(yǔ)為I，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都有tell，tell為及物動(dòng)詞，如果I是tell這個(gè)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，則tell后一定會(huì)有對(duì)象，而它后面沒(méi)有動(dòng)作的承受者，所以我們認(rèn)為I即為tell這個(gè)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，所以這個(gè)句子用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式。（2010）38. -Can you tell me how to make apple juice? -Sure. Please watch carefully and you will see how it _. A. is made B. is making C. makes D. will makeA【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。通過(guò)審題我們可知答句中的第二句see后面的賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)it是指上面提到的apple juice，它只能是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞make（制作）的對(duì)象，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有選項(xiàng)A為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式，故選A。（2011）40. -What happened to Billy? -He_ because of his drink-driving. A. is caught B. was caught C. has caught D. had caught B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答句的主語(yǔ)為he，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中都是catch的不同時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，catch為及物動(dòng)詞，如果he為catch動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，catch后面要出現(xiàn)賓語(yǔ)，而原句catch后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，所以he只能是catch動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；又因上句What happened to Billy?用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，可知他因酒駕被抓是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。我省中考命題趨勢(shì)： 由上面分析可知我省每年中考都會(huì)在單項(xiàng)選擇題中考到一道涉及到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的小題。近五年的考題基本上就涉及兩種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)，跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)題相似，題目中也沒(méi)有具體的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)提示，時(shí)態(tài)要通過(guò)對(duì)上下文的推敲來(lái)確定，題目難度適中。預(yù)計(jì)2012年中考會(huì)延續(xù)這種趨勢(shì)，不會(huì)考得太復(fù)雜，仍將考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)以及含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。八、迎考對(duì)策 1. 解答被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)題目時(shí)，首先要判斷主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系。如果主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，則用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如果主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作的承受者，則用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2. 對(duì)綜合考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的題目，要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和時(shí)間關(guān)系先確定語(yǔ)態(tài)，再確定時(shí)態(tài)。 3. 在平時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)備考時(shí)，要把各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的具體構(gòu)成熟記于胸，并著重記憶一些不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。 4. 做足量的針對(duì)性練習(xí)，提高自己的實(shí)際解題能力。九、針對(duì)性練習(xí)1. George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? -No, I _. Did they have a big wedding? A. wasnt invited B. havent invited C. havent been invited D. didnt invited 2. The baby now _ by the nurse in the hospital. A. looks after B. is looking after C. is being looked after D. has looked after3. I know he wont come to the party unless he_. A. will invite B. is invited C. will be invited D. invites4. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw5. How often _ your school sports meeting _? Once a week. A. does, hold B. was, hold C. is , held D. did, holdACBCB6. The village is building a school. I hope it _before August this year. A. finishes B. is finished C. will finished D. will be finished7. The doctor looked over Peter carefully as soon as he _to the hospital. A. takes B. is taken C. took D. was taken8. Half of the work _ by now. A. has finished B. has been finished C. have been finished D. has been finishing9. Many people are made _what theyre not interested in. A. to be done B. to do C. do D. doing10. -Do you like the skirt? -Yes. It _soft and comfortable. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt11. I _ yesterday. It was broken. A. had my bike repair B. had my bike repairs C. had my bike repaired D. has my bike repaired DDBCCBEx.請(qǐng)將下列主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。請(qǐng)將下列主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.The farmer made the horses work the whole day. The horses_ _ _ _ the whole day.2.Mum asks the twins not to swim in the lake. The twins _ _ _ _ _ in the lake.3.I saw a mouse run into the room. A mouse _ _ _ _ into the room.4.I often hear him sing English songs. He _ often _ _ _ English songs.5. Lily took care of the baby last night. The baby _ _ _ _by Lily.6. He showed her some pictures. She _ _some pictures. Some pictures _ _ _her. were made to workare asked not to swim was seen to runis heard to singwas taken care ofwas shownwere shown to