江蘇省鹽城市永豐初級(jí)中學(xué)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè) Unit1 Grammar1課件 牛津版

Unit 1 Past and present Unit 1 Past and presentGrammar (A) Present perfect tense I HAVE WATCHED THIS CARTOON FILM. I WATCHED IT 2 WEEKS AGO.Have you watched this cartoon film? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Has he/ she watched this cartoon film? Yes, he/she has. No, he/she hasnt. Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born.埃迪自從出生以來(lái)，一直和米莉住在一起。Eddie has lived with Millie for four years. Eddie has eaten my food.埃迪已經(jīng)和米莉居住在一起四年了。埃迪吃了我的食物。（“居住居住”這個(gè)動(dòng)作從出生一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。）這個(gè)動(dòng)作從出生一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。）（“居住居住”這個(gè)動(dòng)作從這個(gè)動(dòng)作從4年前延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。）年前延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。）Eddie ate my food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義（1 1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, ,也許還也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎狙永m(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連會(huì)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎狙永m(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。用。 如如forfor、since since 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。（注意：句中謂語(yǔ)。（注意：句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方法有兩種動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方法有兩種: : 1.Eddie has lived with Millie for 4 years.2.Eddie has lived with Milliesince he was born.since 2006for: + 一段時(shí)間 for a year, for two weeks, for three years. 過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻, since last week, since 2008Since 一段時(shí)間+ago, since 9 years ago, since 3 days ago, +點(diǎn)時(shí)間 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：since you came， since he moved here, since I wassince 4 years ago.LetLet try! try!用用since或或for填空：填空：1.I have been at this school _ more than two years.2. She has worked in the factory _ ten years ago.3. Mr. Green has lived in the city _ he was born.4. His father has been a party member _ twenty years.forforsincesince（2 2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。的影響或結(jié)果。( (漢語(yǔ)中常用漢語(yǔ)中常用“已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”、“過(guò)過(guò)”、“了了”等表達(dá)等表達(dá)) ) 通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞just(just(句中）句中）, , already(already(句中，句中，句末）句末）, before(, before(句末）句末）, yet, yet（句末）（句末）, never, never（句中）（句中）, ever, ever（句中）（句中）,recently(,recently(句末句末) )等狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：等狀語(yǔ)連用。例如： 1.Eddie has just eaten my food. (Eddie已經(jīng)吃了我的食物。）已經(jīng)吃了我的食物。）2.I have never heard of that before.（我以前從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)那件事）（我以前從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)那件事） 3. Have you ever ridden a horse?（你曾經(jīng)騎過(guò)馬嗎？）（你曾經(jīng)騎過(guò)馬嗎？） 4.She has already finished the work.（她早已經(jīng)完成這個(gè)工作了。）（她早已經(jīng)完成這個(gè)工作了。）5.We havent finished our homework yet. (我們還沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)呢。我們還沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)呢。)二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成（1 1）肯定句：）肯定句：I/We/You/They + 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞have + p.p(過(guò)去分詞）過(guò)去分詞）+其它。其它。He/She/It + 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞has + p.p(過(guò)去分詞）過(guò)去分詞）+其它。其它。e.g.They _ their homework. (finish）He _his homework. （finish)have finishedhas finished（2 2）否定句）否定句I/We/You/They+have not / hasnt +p.p(過(guò)去分詞）過(guò)去分詞）+其它。其它。 He/She/It +has not / hasnt +p.p(過(guò)去分詞）過(guò)去分詞）+其它。其它。e.g.They _ their homework yet (還未）還未）. (finish）He _ his homework yet. （finish)havent finishedhasnt finished(3)(3)一般疑問(wèn)句及回答一般疑問(wèn)句及回答-Have+I/you/we/they+p.p(過(guò)去分詞）過(guò)去分詞）+其它其它？-Yes, I/you/we/they have. -No, I/you/we/they havent.-Has +she/he/it+p.p(過(guò)去分詞）過(guò)去分詞） +其它其它？-Yes, she/he/it has.-No, she/he/it hasnt.e.g._you _the film?(watch)Yes, I _._your father _the film?(watch)No, he _.Have watched haveHas watched hasnt (4)(4)特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞特殊疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+have/has+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +p.pp.p( (過(guò)去分詞）過(guò)去分詞）+ +其它其它？e.g.The girl has learned English for 6 years. I have eaten two apples for breakfast.How long has the girl learned English?What have you eaten for breakfast?三、三、 過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成(A)(A) 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的詞的過(guò)去式過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點(diǎn)變化規(guī)則：的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點(diǎn)變化規(guī)則： (1)、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked, visit-visited-visited (2)、以、以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)、以、以“輔音字母輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將 “y” 變?yōu)樽優(yōu)?“i” ，再加，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied, cry-cried-cried (4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，輔音字母，先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped, drop-dropped-dropped dump?(B) (B) 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞原形過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞dodiddoneeatateeatengowentgonefindfound foundseesawseenforget forgot forgottenbuyboughtboughtcome came comeputputputcutcutcutbuild builtbuiltwritewrote written(Page121)四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，）一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。2 2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last weekyesterday, last week，ago, in1980, ago, in1980, in October, just nowin October, just now等具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。等具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：for, since, ever, never, just, for, since, ever, never, just, already,yet,inalready,yet,in the past/last few years the past/last few years等不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。等不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。I bought a new computer last week.只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去。只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去。I have bought a new computer.不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作什么時(shí)候發(fā)生，只強(qiáng)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作什么時(shí)候發(fā)生，只強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果是擁有了一臺(tái)新電腦。調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果是擁有了一臺(tái)新電腦。LetLets try! Is try! Im sure you can do it well!m sure you can do it well!1.I _(see) the 3D film Avatar. Its amazing! I _(see) it one month ago. 2.-Is your grandfather still alive? -No, he _already _(die). -When _he _(die)? -He _last year(die). 3.I _just _ (hear) of the earthquake in Tangshan. -The earthquake? -Yes, it _(happen) on March 6th, three days ago.4.Mr. Li _(begin) to work in this factory in 1990.He _ (work) in the factory for 20 years.5. The Greens _(live) in China since they _(move) here in 2003.have seensawhas dieddid diediedhave heardhappenedbeganhas workedhas livedmovedChat time (page 15):Millie: (1)_ you _(see) any exhibitions recently, Sandy?Sandy: No, I (2)_. What about you?Millie: I (3)_(see) one last Saturday.Sandy: Whats it about?Millie: Its about changes in Beijing over the past century（世紀(jì)）. From this film, I _(learn) more about Beijings past and present.Sandy: Oh, I think I (5)_(hear) about the film. Do you plan to see it again?Millie: Yes, Id love to.Have seenhavent sawhave learnthave heardLetLets try!s try!1. She has already cleaned the kitchen. (改為否定句改為否定句)She _ cleaned the kitchen _.2. They have visited some interesting places in China. (改為一般疑問(wèn)句改為一般疑問(wèn)句)_ _ they _ _ interesting places in China?3. The poor dog has died.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句并作否定回答）改為一般疑問(wèn)句并作否定回答）_the poor dog _? -No, it _.4. They have borrowed ten books from the library. (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))_ _books _ they _ from the library?5. I have ever been to the Great Wall. (改為否定句改為否定句)I _ _ been to the Great Wall.6. They have studied here since they moved to the city. (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))_ _ _ they _ here?hasnt yetHave visited anyHas died hasntHow many have borrowedhave neverHow long have studiedConclusion：1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別