高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題第一講 名詞與冠詞課件

第一講第一講 名詞與冠詞名詞與冠詞溫 馨 提 示 廣東高考英語試題中對名詞的考查主要以詞形變化的形式出現(xiàn)，兼顧名詞的數(shù)和名詞的格的變化。所以， 熟悉名詞構(gòu)詞法，弄清楚哪些詞后應(yīng)接名詞尤為重要(請參考必修一第一單元的“巧用派生詞，做好語法填空”)。語法填空中對冠詞考查的重點是不定冠詞a和an的區(qū)別、形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞以及定冠詞表示特指的意義。一、名詞考點透析1名詞的數(shù)。(1)可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。例如：bookbooks，boxboxes，leafleaves，citycities。(2)合成名詞構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)時，通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)，如果沒有主體名詞，則將最后一部分變成復(fù)數(shù)。例如：sonsinlaw 女婿passersby 過路人storytellers 講故事的人gobetweens 中介人(3)下列名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形。Chinese中國人，Japanese日本人，sheep綿羊，deer小鹿，horsepower馬力，fish魚，fruit 水果。(4)下列名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)有不同的拼寫方法。細(xì)菌bacterium(單數(shù))bacteria(復(fù)數(shù))資料、數(shù)據(jù) datum(單數(shù))data(復(fù)數(shù))現(xiàn)象 phenomenon(單數(shù))phenomena(復(fù)數(shù))(5) 不可數(shù)名詞包括專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞，一般沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。例如：England，London，bread，rice，steel，knowledge，advice，health，wealth等。Many people think that health is the greatest wealth in the world.(6)experience表“經(jīng)驗”時是不可數(shù)名詞，表“經(jīng)歷”時是可數(shù)名詞。(7)常見的單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同的名詞有value(價值)，values(價值觀); manner(方式)，manners (禮貌); custom(風(fēng)俗)，customs(海關(guān)); damage(損害)，damages(賠償金); work(工作)，works(著作)等，需特別注意。(8)team，group，committee，crew，family等集體名詞強調(diào)整體時為單數(shù)，強調(diào)個體時為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：His group is a big one and all group are very active in the activity.他那個組是個大組，所有的組員都積極參加活動。The film attracted a large audience and most audience were moved to tears.這部影片吸引了大量觀眾，多數(shù)觀眾都被感動得流下眼淚。(9)名詞做定語時，除man，woman有單復(fù)數(shù)變化外，其他名詞一般用單數(shù)。例如：three women doctorsmany coffee shops2名詞的所有格。(1)有生命的名詞，其所有格一般在名詞后加s, 例如：his mothers friend; Susan is a friend of my mothers。(2)無生命的名詞，借用of表示所屬關(guān)系。例如：the window of the room。(3)如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩個人共有，則只在后一個名詞后加 s，如果不是共有的則兩個名詞后都要加 s。例如： That lady in a beautiful dress is Jane and Marys mother.那位穿漂亮裙子的女士是瓊和瑪利的媽媽。(共有，暗示瓊和瑪利是姐妹關(guān)系)Those two women are Janes and Marys mothers.那兩位女士分別是瓊的媽媽和瑪利的媽媽。(不共有，分別指兩位媽媽)(4)“a(two，some.)名詞of名詞s/名詞性物主代詞”構(gòu)成雙重所有格。a friend of my motherstwo photos of mine3抽象名詞具體化。 表示抽象的特征、狀態(tài)、思維、行為的一次、一種、一類、一下等，常構(gòu)成“a/an(形容詞)抽象名詞”。例如：a surprise 一個驚喜a pleasure 一件樂事a failure一個失敗者，一次失敗a great success 一次巨大的成功a wonderful breakfast 一頓豐盛的早餐a happiness 一種幸福強化訓(xùn)練一強化訓(xùn)練一(一)單句填空按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和句子連貫的要求，用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1(2012福建卷)Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? Well, you know, English is my _.So it is my best choice. (strong)strength2(2012山東卷)My first _ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. (impress)3(2012江西卷)Youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future _.(refer)4(2012浙江卷)Your _as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn. (perform)performanceimpressionreference5(2012江蘇卷)Dont worry, Mum. The doctor said it was only the flu.What a _！ Ill tell Dad theres nothing serious. (relieve)(二)單項選擇 從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1(2012全國卷)The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great _ in this city.Aquality Bprogress Cproduction DdemandreliefD2(2012天津卷)You were working too hard. Youd better keep a _between work and relaxation.Apromise BleadCbalance Ddiary3(2012江蘇卷)Can I help you with it?I appreciate your _， but I can manage it myself.Aadvice Bquestion Coffer DideaCC4(2012湖北卷)It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any _.Asymptom BsimilarityCsample Dshadow5(2012湖北卷)The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct _ in applying for a visa.Apattern BprocedureCprogram DperspectiveBA6(2011湖北卷)“Tommy，run！Be quick！The house is on fire！” the mother shouted，with clearly_ in her voice.Aanger BrudenessCregret Dpanic7(2012福建卷)The lack of ecofriendly habits among the public is thought to be a major _of global climate change.Aresult BcauseCwarning DreflectionBD8(2011山東卷)Theres a _in our office that when its somebodys birthday，they bring in a cake for us all to share.Atradition BbalanceCconcern Drelationship9(2011江西卷)Whats the_，in your opinion， of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself ?Asympathy BthemeCobject DpointDA10(2011江蘇卷)Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional_.Aconsequence BindependenceCcompetence Dintelligence二、冠詞考點透析1不定冠詞最基本的用法是泛指，表示“一個/一張/一本/一”以及用于第一次出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前。例如：An umbrella is an article that keeps the rain out.Ten years is a long time.C2定冠詞最基本的用法是表特指。重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的名詞、形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞、江河湖海、山脈群島、海峽海岸、樂器名稱、某些建筑物前，都需有定冠詞。例如：(1)The film I saw last night is the most moving one that I have ever seen.(2)The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.(3)The Browns are all fond of playing the violin while the Whites are interested in playing tennis.3不用冠詞的情況。(1)抽象名詞表示一般概念時。(2)在表示職位或頭銜的名詞前。(3) 在表示季節(jié)、月份、日期、節(jié)日(但在中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日前一定要有the)、星期的名詞前。 (4)一日三餐、球類活動前。例如：(1)March 8 is Womens Day，and June 1 is Childrens Day.(2)We elected Tom monitor of our class.(3)It is not very cold here in the south of China in winter，but the winter of 1990 was extremely cold.(4)I always have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(5)Some students will play basketball after school，and others will go running around the campus.4習(xí)慣用法：英語中有不少名詞前不帶冠詞、帶定冠詞或帶不定冠詞意思完全不同。例如：go to school 上學(xué)go to the school 去學(xué)校in front of 在前面in the front of 在前部(sit) at table 在吃飯(sit) at the table 坐在桌子旁邊go to sea 去當(dāng)水手go to the sea 到海濱去(度假)out of question 沒問題out of the question 不可能be in hospital 在住院be in the hospital 在醫(yī)院強化訓(xùn)練二強化訓(xùn)練二最新高考演練按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和句子連貫的要求，在空格上填上適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~或零冠詞。1(2012全國卷)Sarah looked at _ finished painting with _ satisfaction.2(2012重慶卷)The Modern Art Exhibition in the City Museum has been cancelled.Oh, no! Its _ pity.athe/3(2012全國卷)He missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump.4(2012安徽卷)Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up _meat processing factory of his own one day.5(2012山東卷)Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times.theaaaa6(2012重慶卷)Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take _ place of George.7(2012四川卷)We are said to be living in _ Information Age, _ time of new discoveries and great changes.8(2012江西卷)The Smiths dont usually stay at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea.thethethea9(2012浙江卷)The development of industry has been_ gradual process throughout human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.10(2012遼寧卷)I woke up with _ bad headache, yet by _evening the pain had gone.11(2011江西卷)Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 _ year.Right, he will also get paid by _ week.aaathethe12(2011山東卷)Take your timeits just _ short distance from here to _ restaurant.13(2011陜西卷)As is known to all, _Peoples Republic of China is_ biggest developing country in the world.14(2011全國卷)As he reached _ front door, Jack saw_ strange sight.15(2011浙江卷)Experts think that _recently discovered painting may be _ Picasso.aaathethethethethe專題訓(xùn)練專題訓(xùn)練廣東各地市歷年模擬題演練按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和句子連貫的要求，在橫線上填入正確單詞或用括號中單詞的正確形式填空。1The order in which they finished would decide the order of their _ (appear) in the Chinese calendar.2When it was time to leave, I said “thank you” in Korean, using some of _ few words I had learned.appearancethe3_accident took the life of the child only a short time later.4Computermaker HewlettPackard announced this week that _ chairwoman of its board of directors(董事會) will leave office in January.5“When a customer enters my store, forget me.He is king.” said John Wanamaker, _ boss of the worlds first department store.6The Internet is working _ (wonderful) in raising living standards.Anthethewonders7.nothing but top performance meets with our _ (approve)8He was _ shy, nervous perfectionist.9The 104episode cartoon series tells _ life stories of Confucius from a little boy to a master.10The TV series is jointly invested by China Confucius Foundation, Radio and Television Station of Shandong Province and _ Shenzhenbased film and radio company.approvalaathe11Technological _ (develop) have also played their part in keeping Valentines Day relevant in the 21st century.12I fingered the bill with growing_ (excite)13The line which was created by Walt Disney Pictures has been made true through the _ (describe) of hundreds of world famous fairy tales and the creation of the world famous Disneyland fun parks.developmentsexcitementdescription14One day, about ten years ago, while working at the cash register in the gift shop at my University Museum of Natural History, I saw _ elderly couple come in with a little girl in a wheelchair.15She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and brought me into her world; a world of smiles, love and _ (warm)anwarmth