廣東省中考英語 語法考點復(fù)習(xí) 形容詞和副詞課件

形容詞修飾名詞，說明人或事物的性質(zhì)或特征。如：beautiful， excellent， interesting等。副詞主要用來修飾動詞、形容詞、或其它結(jié)構(gòu)。如：usually，carefully， luckily等。（1）形容詞的主要用法（作定語、表語和賓語補足語）（2）形容詞和副詞比較等級的構(gòu)成及用法（原級、比較級和最高級）（3）副詞的種類。考點一 形容詞的作用 作 用例 句句中的位置作定語You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.I have nothing important to tell you.位于名詞之前,不定代詞之后（修飾不定代詞需后置）作表語Your coat is too small. She looks happy today.位于連系動詞之后作賓語補足語The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.( )1. That clothes store is _ on weekends. I see. Ill go there next Monday then.A. open B. close C. opened D. closed( )2. It is _ for me to follow the Australian guests because I am good at English. A. bad B. easy C. hard D. right( )3. Have you heard the song Stay Here Forever? Yes. It sounds _. A. well B. loudly C. sweet D. beautifully ( )4. Some of the tired students keep their eyes _ in breaks. A. opened B. close C. closed D. open( ) 5. Where would you like to go this Mid-Autumn Festival? Id like to go_. A. everywhere relaxing B. somewhere relaxing C. peaceful anywhere D. peaceful somewhere 考點二 形容詞的用法 1.形容詞名詞化：形容詞名詞化：有些形容詞前加定冠詞后變成名詞，即：有些形容詞前加定冠詞后變成名詞，即：the + 形容詞，表示一類人。作主語時，謂語動形容詞，表示一類人。作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類詞有：這類詞有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人種等表示人種等)。如：。如：The young should take good care of the old. 年輕人應(yīng)該好好照顧老人。年輕人應(yīng)該好好照顧老人。The rich never help the poor in this country. 在這個國家富人從來不幫助窮人。在這個國家富人從來不幫助窮人。2. 數(shù)詞的復(fù)合詞形式起形容詞作用，作定語時要數(shù)詞的復(fù)合詞形式起形容詞作用，作定語時要前置，中心詞用單數(shù)，詞之間要加連字符。前置，中心詞用單數(shù)，詞之間要加連字符。a one-thousand-word article 一篇千字文一篇千字文an 8-year-old girl 一個八歲大的女孩一個八歲大的女孩3. 形容詞和空間、時間單位合用時須后置。形容詞和空間、時間單位合用時須后置。 two years ago 兩年前兩年前 100 miles long 一百英里長一百英里長 two meters high 兩米高兩米高 five meters deep 五米深五米深4. 多個形容詞做定語時排列的先后順序：多個形容詞做定語時排列的先后順序： (冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞或名詞所有格形冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞或名詞所有格形式式)+ 描述性的定語描述性的定語(數(shù)量、性質(zhì)、大小、新舊、數(shù)量、性質(zhì)、大小、新舊、年齡、顏色年齡、顏色)+ 本質(zhì)性的定語本質(zhì)性的定語+ 被修飾的名詞被修飾的名詞例如：例如：a black young German dogThe woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates. 那個婦女買了兩個漂亮的中國盤子。那個婦女買了兩個漂亮的中國盤子。5. else要放在疑問代詞或復(fù)合不定詞之后。如：要放在疑問代詞或復(fù)合不定詞之后。如：Did you see anybody else? 你看到別的人了嗎？你看到別的人了嗎？考點三 形容詞與副詞的變化規(guī)律 1、直接由形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成sad-sadly; quiet-quietly; usual-usually2、以輔音字母加-le結(jié)尾的，去掉-e再加-yterrible-terribly; simple-simply; gentle-gentle3、以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的，變y為i再加-lylucky-luckily; happy-happily; noisy-noisily4、其它變化true-truly; full-fully 注意：hard 既是形容詞也是副詞，作形容詞是“困難的”、“堅硬的”，作副詞是“努力地”、“劇烈地”；hardly的意思是“幾乎不”，它和hard沒關(guān)系?？键c四 副詞的作用 作 用例 句 句中的位置修飾動詞speakI dont speak English well.1、在動詞之前；2、在be動詞、助動詞之后；多個助動詞時，副詞一般放在第一個助動詞后；3、enough位于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。修飾形容詞importantReading is very important.修飾副詞 fastHe didnt run fast enough.修飾句子Luckily, she didnt hurt badly.( )6. Its dark. I cant see the words on the blackboard _. A. carefully B. clearly C. silently D. patiently( )7. We are happy to see our city is developing _ these years than before. A. quickly B. the most quickly C. very quickly D. more quickly( )8. Its said that Mo Yans speech was wonderful. Thats true. We clapped our hands _ many times during his speech yesterday. A. excited B. excitedly C. exciting D. excitingly( )9. How is your mother now? She is _ to go to work.A. enough good B. good enough C. enough well D. well enough考點五 副詞的種類種類常見例詞時間副詞 now, then, early, today, soon, finally, before, ago, yesterday頻度副詞 often, always, usually, seldom, ever, never, sometimes, hardly地點副詞 here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, down, back , home, upstairs方式副詞 carefully, properly, suddenly, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly.程度副詞 much, little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite, perfectly, enough, completely, almost疑問副詞 how, when, where, why連接副詞 however， how, when, where, why關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why( ) 10. As we know its difficult to live in a foreign country. _if you cant understand the language there. A. ExactlyB. NaturallyC. UsuallyD. Especially( ) 11. Fred is studying Chinese in one evening school. Is that true? He has_told me about it.A. ever B. even C. already D. never( ) 12. What happened outside just now? A car hit a man. _, the man wasnt badly hurt. A. Luckily B. Hardly C. Unluckily D. Especially( ) 13. Alex, did you find our old school last week? Yes, but with much difficulty, for it has_ changed over these years.A. completely B. never C. hardly D. partly( ) 14. Teenagers should be encouraged to go _and be close to nature. A. inside B. back C. outside D. off考點六 形容詞和副詞的比較等級 在英語的形容詞和副詞中，表示“比較”和“最”這個概念時，要用特別的形式表示，稱為比較級和最高級。相對而言，原來的形式為原級。 即: 形容詞和副詞在應(yīng)用中有三個級別，原級，比較級，最高級。 在形容詞和副詞后加上“-er”表示“比較”加上“-est ”表示 “最.” 1. 形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的變化方法如下：不同情況變化規(guī)則例 詞一般情況直接加 er， -esttall-taller-tallest small-smaller-smallest以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的詞加 r ，-stnice-nicer-nicestlarge-larger-largest以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-er ，-estdry-drier-driesthappy-happier-happiestheavy-heavier-heaviest early-earlier-earliest以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞雙寫輔音字母，再加-er ，-estthin-thinner-thinnest big-bigger-biggest多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)單詞在詞前加 more ，mostdelicious-more delicious- most delicious（1）規(guī)則變化（2）不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級巧 記good/ wellbetterbest特殊形式比較級， 共有三對二合一；壞病兩多并兩好， little意思不是??；一分為二有兩個， 一是老來二是遠。bad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest2. 形容詞和副詞比較級的用法級級別別比較程度比較程度表達方式和意義表達方式和意義例例 句句備備 注注原原級級同同等等程程度度肯定肯定形式形式as+原級原級+as (A=B)Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can.as可以用可以用于肯定句于肯定句和否定句和否定句so只用于只用于否定句否定句否定否定形式形式not + so /as+原級原級+as (AB)English is not so difficult as science.She does not study so well as I do.比比較較級級不同程度不同程度（兩者比（兩者比較）較）比較級比較級 + than(AB)Jim is a little older than Lucy.Jim 比比Lucy高一點。高一點。I like pork better than beef.常用來修常用來修飾形容詞飾形容詞比較級的比較級的詞：詞：兩多兩多much/a lot; 兩少兩少a little/a bit以及以及far, even, still, rather, three times等。等。表程度加表程度加深深比較級比較級+and+比比較級較級越來越越來越The + 比較級，比較級，the + 比較級比較級越越, 越越He is growing taller and taller.他長得越來越高。他長得越來越高。The more books she reads, the better she understands.兩者中較兩者中較為突出的為突出的一個一個the + 比較級比較級 + of the twoLucy is the taller of the twin sisters.Lucy是雙胞胎姐妹中較高的是雙胞胎姐妹中較高的一個。一個。量化比較量化比較數(shù)量數(shù)量/倍數(shù)倍數(shù)+比較比較級級+ than Jack is three years older than Tom.The ruler is as twice longer as that one.( )15. Of the two shirts, Id like to choose the _ one to save some money for a cap.A. cheapestB. cheaperC. more expensive D. most expensive( )16. The box was _ than I had expected. I was out of breath when I got home.A. more heavierB. much heavierC. little heavier D. very heavier( ) 17. My teachers often encourage me _ more friends but I find it difficult. Your teachers idea is right. The more friends you make, _ you will be. A. to make; the more happy B. to make; happierC. making; the happier D. to make; the happier( )18. Peter speaks Chinese well indeed, but of course not _ a local speaker in China.A. so fluently as B. more fluent than C. as fluent as D. much fluently than( )19. Li Lei is running _ now.A. more and more slowly B. slowlier and slowlierC. slowly and slowly D. more slowly and more slowly3. 形容詞和副詞最高級的用法(1)最高級前常用的修飾語： the（副詞最高級前面的the 往往省略）。如： I like the song best.(2)the+最高級+ of/in (三者及以上范圍的)/ A,B() or C ? My mother is the busiest in my family.(3)the + 序數(shù)詞 +最高級 +名詞+ in/of+比較范圍 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.(4)one of the+最高級 +名詞復(fù)數(shù) + in/of +比較范圍Shenzhen is one of the biggest cities in China. (5)This is the+最高級+名詞 (that) I meet/know/This is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited. ( ) 20. The Changjiang River is one of _ in the world. A. the longest rivers B. the longest river C. longer rivers D. longer river( ) 21.Of the three TV programs, which one do you think is _? I think A Bite of China is.A. interesting B. more interestingC. the most interesting D. interested( ) 22. How about the film last night?Well, its _film Ive ever seen. I nearly fell asleep in the cinema. A. worst B. the worst C. badD. worse考點七 形容詞和副詞比較等級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 在英語表達中，根據(jù)不同情境的需要，同一句話可用原級，比較級，最高級三種方式表達。如： Jim is the tallest (boy) in our class. (最高級) Jim是我們班最高的男孩。 =Jim is taller than any other boy in our class. (比較級)Jim比我們班上任何一個男孩都高。 = Jim is taller than the other boys in our class. (比較級)在我們班上Jim比其他的男孩都高。 = No one else in our class is as tall as Jim. (原級)我們班上沒有人和Jim一樣高。( ) 23. Everyone knows Canada is the second largest country in the world. That is, it is larger than _ country in Asia. A. any B. any other C. other D. another( ) 24. Do you enjoy Han Leis songs? Yes. He is the winner of Im A Singer . I cant think of anyone with a _ voice. A. better B. best C. more D. most考點八 幾個應(yīng)注意的問題 1、有些形容詞只能作表語，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。如：Dont wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.The old man is alone.2、有些詞既可用做形容詞也可副詞。如：late, wide, well, fast, easy, early, hard等。單詞單詞詞性詞性例例 句句lateadj.Hurry up. Dont be late for school.adv.“Tom, you came to school late again!”, said Mrs. Black angrily.wideadj.The road is so wide that eight buses can go throw it at a time.adv.Open your mouth wide.單詞單詞詞性詞性例例 句句fastadj.You can take a fast train. And it will just take you half an hour to get there.adv.Which animal runs fastest in the world?welladj.Granny doesnt feel well, we must send for a doctor.adv.Lucy is good at singing, while Lily does well in dancing.earlyadj.Youd better take the early bus tomorrow.adv.Jack came to school earliest this morning because he had to open the classroom.hardadj.Its hard to say which film is more interesting. This wooden floor e is very hard.adv.Work hard, and you can catch up with your classmates. 3. 幾組容易混淆的詞與短語可以在本書第一模塊中考常用詞匯和短語用法辨析找到。如：(1) amazing與amazed的用法區(qū)別詳見第6組；(2) farther與further的用法區(qū)別詳見第33組。(3) interesting與interested的用法區(qū)別詳見第44組；(4) alone與lonely的用法區(qū)別詳見第51組；(5) asleep與sleepy的用法區(qū)別詳見第70組；(6) so與such的用法區(qū)別詳見第73組；(7) too many, too much與much too的用法區(qū)別詳見第80組； 形容詞和副詞在中考中的考查形式有單項選擇、完形填空和短文填空。主要考查結(jié)合具體的語言環(huán)境使用形容詞和副詞的能力。解題的關(guān)鍵在于分析上下文信息，看懂題干的意思，結(jié)合基本詞義、固定搭配選擇使用正確的形式。要從下面幾點注意： 1. 熟練掌握形容詞和副詞的基本用法以及在具體語境中的辨析； 2. 重點掌握形容詞和副詞比較等級的用法； 3. 注意形容詞在句子的位置； 4. 區(qū)別-ing型和-ed型形容詞用法。