高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專題第六講 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)課件

第六講第六講 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)透析1十種常用的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)句子結(jié)構(gòu)。(S主語(yǔ)， do 動(dòng)詞原形， does動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)，did過去式， doing現(xiàn)在分詞， done過去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：Sdo/does.一般過去時(shí)：Sdid.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：Sam/is/are doing.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：Swas/were doing.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：Swill/shalldo.過去將來(lái)時(shí)：Sshould/woulddo.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Shave/has done.過去完成時(shí)：Shad done.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：Shave/has been doing.過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：Shad been doing.2在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，這時(shí)主句要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。(1)The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.如果下雨的話，排球賽就會(huì)推遲。(2)If city noises are not kept from increasing，people will have to shout to be heard 20 years from now on.如果不阻止城市噪音增長(zhǎng)的話，20年后人們就得大喊大叫才能讓人聽見。3一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可表示主語(yǔ)具備的某種能力、某種性能。例如：(1)I_ pingpong quite well，but I havent had time to play since the new year.Awill play Bhave playedCplayed Dplay(選D?！皶?huì)打球”是主語(yǔ)具備的一種能力，不會(huì)短時(shí)間內(nèi)消失，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)) (2)Can I help you，sir?Yes，I bought this radio here yesterday，but it doesnt work. (doesnt work是主語(yǔ)的性能)4過去將來(lái)時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)都是相對(duì)過去時(shí)間而存在的時(shí)態(tài)，在答題時(shí)，一定要仔細(xì)揣摩上下文的時(shí)間關(guān)系。例如：(1)We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon.(2)How long _ each other before they _ married?For about a year.Ahave they known，getBdid they know，were going to getCdo they know，are going to getDhad they known，got(選D)(3)Helen had left her key in the office，so she had to wait until her husband came home.5leave，go，arrive，take，fly，start，begin，come等動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式可表計(jì)劃安排好的將來(lái)，它們的進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。例如：(1)The train _ at four oclock. Lets hurry.Aleave BleavesCwill leave Dhad left(選B)(2)Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _ my mum together.Aam taking Bhave takenCtake Dwill have taken(選A)6be going to表早就安排好的將來(lái)，或表根據(jù)某種跡象判斷要發(fā)生的事情；will/shall表臨時(shí)決定要做的動(dòng)作；be to表按約定計(jì)劃或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)的意志和決心；be about to表馬上就要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不能與表示將來(lái)的確切時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。(1)What are you going to do this evening? Im going to see a film with my friend.(2)Havent you known Mr.Wang is ill?Really? Then Ill go to see him instead.(3)How about seeing a film tomorrow?Sorry，I cant. I am to take the driving test.7如果句中有so far，since，by now，in the last few years，till now，up to now等表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：(1)So far they have dug more than 100 wells to get enough drinking water.(2)I have been busy during the last few days.8句型“It is the first time.”，“This is the last time.”中，從句的謂語(yǔ)要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句型“It was the first time.”，“This was the last time.”中，從句的謂語(yǔ)要用過去完成時(shí)。例如：This is the first time Ive been here.That was the second time that they had witnessed an accident at the crossing.9句中的狀語(yǔ)是“by the end of過去時(shí)間”，動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。 句中的狀語(yǔ)是“by the end of將來(lái)時(shí)間”，動(dòng)詞用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。例如：(1)By the end of last term，we had learned about three thousand English words.到上學(xué)期末，我們大約學(xué)了3 000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。(2)By the end of next month，we shall have finished Book Five.到下個(gè)月末，我們將已經(jīng)學(xué)完了第五冊(cè)。10進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來(lái)時(shí)、完成時(shí)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)分別是be being done，will/shall be done, have/has/had been done，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be done，不要遺漏任何部分。11有些動(dòng)詞形式上是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，卻表示被動(dòng)意義。主要有下列幾種情形：(1)be worth doingThe book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。(2)need/want/require/beardoingneed/want/require to be doneThe room needs cleaning.The room needs to be cleaned.屋子需要打掃。(3)beadj.to doThe place is hard to find in the map.這個(gè)地方在地圖上很難被發(fā)現(xiàn)。(4)表感覺的連系動(dòng)詞形容詞。Good medicine tastes bitter.良藥苦口。(5)當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是物，同時(shí)又是動(dòng)作涉及的對(duì)象，而動(dòng)詞又是表明主語(yǔ)本身的特性時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。這時(shí)，句末有一個(gè)表示方式的副詞。The pen I bought yesterday writes smoothly.我昨天買的鋼筆書寫流暢。The cloth washes well.這種布耐洗。強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練 用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和句子連貫的要求，在空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中單詞的正確形式填空。1(2012全國(guó)卷)“Life is like walking in the snow , ” Granny used to say, “because every step _.” (show)shows2(2012上海卷)I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.I know. By next month, he _enough for a used one. (save)3(2012天津卷)The letters for the boss _on his desk but he didnt read them until three days later. (put)4(2012天津卷)The three of us_ around Europe for about a month last summer. (travel)travelledwill have savedwere put5(2012江蘇卷)The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _ some European business partners. (meet)6(2012安徽卷)In order to find the missing child, villagers _ all they can over the past five hours. (do) 7(2012安徽卷)Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _ some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. (keep)keepshad methave been doing8(2012安徽卷)After school we went to the readingroom to do some reading, only to be told that it _.(decorate)9(2012湖南卷)Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life. (repay)10(2012湖南卷)Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you. (see)was being decoratedwill be repaidwill see11(2012湖南卷)“The moment _ soon，” he thought to himself, waiting nervously. (come)12(2012全國(guó)卷)I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _ before my eyes. (swim)13(2012湖南卷)I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?Sorry, I _ the piano for years. (play)is comingswamhavent played14(2012福建卷)When did the computer crash?This morning, while I _ the reading materials downloaded from some websites. (sort)15(2012陜西卷)Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon?Im sorry, but by then I _ to Beijing. How about five? (fly)was sortingwill be flying專題訓(xùn)練專題訓(xùn)練廣東各地市歷年模擬題演練按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和句子連貫的要求，使用括號(hào)中單詞的正確形式填空。1All the animals lined up on the river bank and _ (give) the task of getting to the opposite shore.2My legs _ (ache) and I wasnt looking forward to cooking dinner.were givenwere aching3Pretexting is when private investigators treat themselves as someone else, they _ (give) personal information.4Now their claims _(test) as never before.5His fear of failure _ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joy.6So far, 256 Confucius Institutes and 58 Confucius Classrooms _ (establish) across the world.will be givenwill be testedkepthave been established7Now, Valentines Day _ (celebrate) in many countries around the world.8With television there are restrictions on what kinds of programs can _ (broadcast) and at what times of the day.9I should have to teach all the subjects except art，which will _ (teach) by the headmaster himself.10For example，I _ (order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50.is celebratedbe broadcastbe taughtordered