江蘇省2019高考英語 第二部分 語法核心突破 第一課時(shí) 名詞練習(xí)（含解析）.doc

第一課時(shí)名詞感 悟 高 考1. Can you tell us your _ for happiness and a long life? Living every day to the full, definitely.(2016江蘇卷)A.recipe B.recordC.range D.receipt答案A句意：你能告訴我你對(duì)幸福長壽的秘密嗎？當(dāng)然是盡情享受每一天。recipe秘訣，食譜，藥方；record記錄；range范圍；receipt收據(jù)，收條。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。2.It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late payments may affect your _.(2016江蘇卷)A.condition B.ineC.credit D.status答案C句意：重要的是按時(shí)繳納電費(fèi)，因?yàn)橛馄诟犊羁赡軙?huì)影響你的信用。condition 情況； ine 收入；credit 信譽(yù)； status 身份。根據(jù)句意，答案為C。3.There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some _ and then let me know.(2015安徽卷)A.thought B.supportC.protection D.authority答案A句意：現(xiàn)在沒有必要告訴我你的答案。思考一下，然后讓我知道。 thought思想，思考；support支持，維持，支援，供養(yǎng)；protection保護(hù)，防衛(wèi)；authority權(quán)威，權(quán)力，當(dāng)局。4.Studies have shown that the right and left ear _ sound differently.(2015浙江卷)A.produce B.pronounceC.process D.download答案C句意：研究表明左右耳處理聲音的方式不同。process加工，處理，符合語境。produce生產(chǎn)，制作，創(chuàng)作；pronounce發(fā)音；download下載。要 點(diǎn) 精 析一、不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)1.一般說來抽象名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，但當(dāng)抽象名詞表示具體的東西時(shí)，可用作可數(shù)名詞且詞義發(fā)生變化，主要類型如下：(1)抽象名詞表示具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、情感的人或事。單詞抽象名詞意義具體化名詞意義success成功成功的人或事pleasure樂趣令人高興的事beauty美；美麗美麗的人或事物fort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物delight高興令人高興的事failure失敗失敗的人或事物surprise驚奇令人驚奇的事情shock震驚令人震驚的事情pride驕傲令人驕傲的事情honor榮幸令人榮幸的事情Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.您的貢獻(xiàn)定會(huì)促使這件事取得圓滿成功。(2)抽象名詞與a(an)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為似乎可以體驗(yàn)的動(dòng)作、行為或類別。Being able to afford a drink would be a fort in those tough times.在那些艱難的時(shí)期，能夠買得起一杯飲料會(huì)是一件令人感到欣慰的事。2. 有些物質(zhì)名詞可個(gè)體化為可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞可數(shù)名詞drink飲料two drinks兩杯飲料sugar糖a sugar一塊糖coffee咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡paper紙a paper一張報(bào)紙；一篇論文tea茶two teas兩杯茶hair頭發(fā)a hair一根頭發(fā)I knocked over the tea cup and it fell on the mobile phone.You should never put drinks near a phone.我把茶杯碰倒了，它落在了那部手機(jī)上。你永遠(yuǎn)都不應(yīng)該把飲料放到手機(jī)附近。二、名詞的詞義辨析1.形近詞的詞義辨析mand 命令parison 比較pliment 稱贊 contribution 貢獻(xiàn)symptom 癥狀 similarity 類似sample 樣本 sympathy 同情symbol 象征，符號(hào) system 系統(tǒng)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful symbol in last years election.兩年前她被軟禁在家，但是在去年的選舉中她仍是位具有影響力的代表性人物。2.意義相近詞的辨析motivation 動(dòng)機(jī)，目的 qualification 資歷talent 天賦 technique 技能anger 生氣 rudeness 粗魯regret 后悔 panic 驚慌advice 建議 question 問題offer 提議 idea 主意Her motivation for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.她寫作的動(dòng)機(jī)是為婦女爭取到接受高等教育權(quán)利的渴望。3.無一定關(guān)聯(lián)性的名詞詞義辨析source 源泉 sense 感覺result 結(jié)果 root 根源curiosity 好奇 satisfaction 滿意envy 羨慕 patience 耐心difference 不同，區(qū)別 strength 長處connection 關(guān)聯(lián) barrier 屏障，障礙Wind is now the worlds fastest growing source of power.風(fēng)力是現(xiàn)今世界上增長最迅速的能源。三、名詞的固定搭配1.動(dòng)詞have, take, make, pay, play, put, give等加名詞構(gòu)成的短語have a good reputation有個(gè)好名聲have a feeling of 有感覺have access to 可以獲得take advantage of 利用，趁之機(jī)take a turn 轉(zhuǎn)變get relief 得到緩解All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall.所有學(xué)生都能進(jìn)入在道格拉斯大廳上面的寫作中心。2.介詞后加名詞構(gòu)成的短語in great demand 需求量很大in progress 在進(jìn)行中out of touch 與無聯(lián)系beyond recognition 辨認(rèn)不出來The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great demand in this city.哈利波特系列圖書很受歡迎，在這座城市的需求量很大。解 題 策 略1.利用固定搭配和習(xí)慣表達(dá)(1)It is said that dogs will keep you _ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.A.safety B.panyC.house D.friend答案B句意：據(jù)說， 當(dāng)你感到孤獨(dú)時(shí)， 你想要狗陪伴你多長時(shí)間它們就陪伴你多長時(shí)間。keep sb pany “陪伴某人；與某人作伴”。(2)Despite such a big difference in the _ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.A.point B.idea C.attitude D.sight答案C句意：盡管人們對(duì)吃什么有不同的觀點(diǎn)， 但是毋庸置疑的是西方人認(rèn)為中餐別具一格。point 重點(diǎn)，見解 ; idea 想法 , 主意； sight 視力，看見。2.利用句子的平衡、對(duì)比等結(jié)構(gòu)To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses.A.strengths B.benefitsC.techniques D.values答案A句意：為了使隊(duì)員更好地表現(xiàn)， 教練首先要了解隊(duì)員的優(yōu)勢和劣勢。and后weak的名詞形式， 正好與strong的名詞形式對(duì)比。strength 長處，優(yōu)點(diǎn)，符合句意。3.充分把握具體的語境Shall we go out for a walk?Sorry.This is not the right _ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.A.moment B.situationC.place D.chance答案A句意：我們出去走走吧？對(duì)不起， 現(xiàn)在邀請我不是時(shí)候， 我都累得沒有力氣走路了。后面的I am too tired to walk提示了前者提出建議是不合時(shí)宜的， 故用moment “時(shí)刻， 時(shí)候” 。4.運(yùn)用固定句式解決詞義辨析You will find this map of great _ in helping you to get around the city.A.source B.senseC.favor D.value答案D句意：你會(huì)覺得這張地圖在幫助你在城里逛逛非常有價(jià)值。此處用of great value, 相當(dāng)于very valuable 表示“十分有價(jià)值”。針 對(duì) 訓(xùn) 練1.One of the most effective ways to reduce _ is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.(2015浙江卷)A.production B.stressC.energy D.power答案B句意：減少壓力最有效的方法之一就是與你信任的人談?wù)勀愕母惺?。stress壓力，緊張，符合語境。production生產(chǎn)，制作，產(chǎn)品；energy精力，活力，干勁；power權(quán)力，勢力，影響力。2.He gave himself a new name to hide his _ when he went to carry out the secret task.(2015湖北卷)A.emotion B.talentC.identity D.treasure 答案C句意：他執(zhí)行一項(xiàng)秘密任務(wù)時(shí)，給自己起了一個(gè)新的名字來掩蓋身份。A項(xiàng)“情緒”；B項(xiàng)“才能”；C項(xiàng)“身份”；D項(xiàng)“財(cái)富”。故選C。3.Could you tell me the _ of making such tasty cakes?Well，I just follow the directions in the cookbook.(福建卷)A.feature B.plan C.cost D.trick答案D句意：你能告訴我做如此美味蛋糕的訣竅嗎？好吧，我就是按照烹飪書上的說明做的。trick訣竅，故選D。4.Wind is now the worlds fastest growing _ of power.(天津卷)A.source B.sense C.result D.root答案A句意：風(fēng)力是現(xiàn)今世界上增長最迅速的一種能源。A.源泉，來源；B.感覺，意義；C.結(jié)果；D.根，根源；根據(jù)上下文語境，故選A。5.Why not buy a second-hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one?Thats a good _.(安徽卷)A.saying B.questionC.suggestion D.account答案C句意：如果你沒有足夠的錢買一輛新車的話，為什么不先買一輛二手車呢？這是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的建議(suggestion)。saying 說法；言論；account 賬戶；解釋；說明，理由。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選C。6.When Richard said，“You are much more agreeable and prettier now，” Joans face turned red at the unexpected _.(湖北卷)A.mand B.parison C.pliment D.contribution答案C句意：當(dāng)理查德說：“你現(xiàn)在變得更討人喜愛，更漂亮了。”瓊聽到這突如其來的贊美，臉紅了。mand 命令，指揮；parison 對(duì)比；pliment 恭維，稱贊；contribution 貢獻(xiàn)。7.The local government provided _ for the homeless soon after the flood.A.possessions B.acmodationsC.souvenirs D.groceries答案B句意：洪水過后不久，當(dāng)?shù)卣驘o家可歸者提供了住所。acmodation “住處，膳宿”，符合句意。possession “財(cái)產(chǎn)”；souvenir “紀(jì)念品”；grocery “食品雜貨店”。8.Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a reply at your earliest _.A.convenience B.considerationC.interruption D.imagination答案Aat ones convenience “在某人方便的時(shí)候”。句意：你們所提供的任何幫助我都很感激，請?jiān)诜奖愕臅r(shí)候盡早聯(lián)系我。9.The quiet life of the country has never had _ to me in that I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window.A.appeal B.appetiteC.affection D.application答案 A句意：寧靜的鄉(xiāng)村生活從來沒有吸引過我，因?yàn)槲铱傉J(rèn)為鄉(xiāng)村是透過火車車窗看到的那個(gè)樣子。appeal意為“吸引力，感染力”；appetite意為“食欲，胃口；強(qiáng)烈欲望”；affection意為“喜愛，喜歡”；application意為“申請；運(yùn)用，應(yīng)用”。10.In Beijing opera，performers are required to paint their faces in patterns and colors to help show the _ and depths of the characters personalities.A.dimensions B.certificatesC.occupations D.consciences答案A句意：在京劇里，演員們需要在臉上畫多種臉譜并著色，以助于展示人物個(gè)性的廣度和深度。dimension意為“方面；維度；范圍，程度”；certificate意為“證書，證明”；occupation意為“占據(jù)，占有；職業(yè)，工作”；conscience意為“良知，是非感”。11.The important thing in life is to have a great aim，and the _ to achieve it.A.acquisition B.prehensionC.determination D.satisfaction答案C句意：人生中重要的事情是確定一個(gè)偉大的目標(biāo)，并下決心實(shí)現(xiàn)它。acquisition意為“獲得”；prehension意為“理解”；determination意為“決心”；satisfaction意為“滿意”。根據(jù)句意可知，答案為C。12.The local authorities provide every college student this year with an annual _ of 4，000 yuan for food and tuition fees.A.award B.admissionC.allowance D.acquisition答案C句意：今年，當(dāng)?shù)卣o每個(gè)大學(xué)生提供每年4 000元的食物和學(xué)費(fèi)補(bǔ)貼。allowance意為“津貼，補(bǔ)貼”；award意為“獎(jiǎng)品”；admission意為“進(jìn)入許可，入場費(fèi)”；acquisition意為“獲得，習(xí)得”。