2019版高考英語大一輪復習 話題版主題語境 Unit 7 學校生活(一)講義.doc

2019版高考英語大一輪復習 話題版主題語境 Unit 7 學校生活(一)講義.單詞拼寫 1.I am writing to apply(申請) for being a volunteer in our school.2.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major(主要的) ways.(xx全國)3.Owing to the recent bad weather，the project is several weeks behind schedule(計劃).4.Then a discussion(討論) will be held，aiming to improve mutual understanding.5.He got a scholarship(獎學金) last term.6.She has a sister who is four years junior(小的) to me.7.She insisted on her own opinion(意見) even if she was wrong.8.Now all that was needed were the parents，but they were absent(缺席的).(xx全國)9.Some change their behaviour in real life to improve(改善) their image on the web.(xx江蘇)10.They were not provided with adequate equipment(設(shè)備).(xx江蘇).單句語法填空1.What can journalists do in the face of this plex，uncertain and hotly debated(debate) topic?2.We will give a possible explanation(explain) for why some people may have an increased risk of developing this disease.3.The first is that antitrust authorities(authority) need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century.(xx江蘇)4.I graduated on scholarship and danced professionally for ten years.5.The trip is scheduled(schedule) to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan.(xx全國)6.If you have further(far) questions，please feel free to let me know.(xx北京)7.Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social，political and scientific(science) progress.(xx浙江)8.Firms that fail to take(take) advantage of the new technology will go out of business.9.His secretary will have to take on most of his work while hes gone.10.We want to preserve the character of the town while improving(improve) the facilities.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1.As ，we have a reciting petition this Friday morning.2.They have bought a lot of in the gym.3.The big pany wants to hire those who graduate in law or major puter science.4.In absence of gray wolves，the deer population grew quickly.5.I learned that shouting and punishment would result a disaster.選詞填空1.A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading.2.For a long time Gabriel didnt want to be involved in music at all.(xx江蘇)3.Time is over，and please hand in your paper.4.Its heartbroken for a parent to watch a child go through misery.5.Finally，I managed to catch up with others.6.We put forward some advice at the meeting yesterday.同義詞語替換1.We aim to let young graduates prepare for a petitive business environment.equip，for2.Nobody believed his reason for missing the class that he had to meet his uncle at the airport.being absent from3.People who studied subjects like literature or history at universities usually have to read more than science majors do.major in4.I couldnt figure out what I had done to annoy my boss.work out5.I dont like rock music because its much too noisy for my taste.go in for (1)explain sth. to sb. 向某人解釋explain oneself說明自己的意思；為自己的行為辯解(2)explanation n.解釋；說明in explanation of作為對的解釋或辯解(1)What is your explanation for being late?(2)Could you explain yourself(you) a bit more?(3)Have you anything to say in explanation of(作為對的辯解) your conduct?易錯點撥explain后不接雙賓語，若語義上需要此類結(jié)構(gòu)，可用explain sth. to sb. 結(jié)構(gòu)。類似不接雙賓語的動詞還有：describe，say，report，announce，suggest，mention，express等。major adj.主要的；較重要的v.主修n.專業(yè)，主修科目；某專業(yè)的學生(1)major in主修(2)majority n.大部分；大多數(shù)；大半in a/the majority占大多數(shù)(1)一句多譯我在大學里主修英語。I major in English at university.My major is English at university.Im an English major at university.(2)Only a minority of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking the subway to work are in the/a majority(占多數(shù)).易錯點撥major本身含有“比較”之意，沒有比較等級的變化，也不可與than連用。 (1)ahead of schedule提前on schedule按時；按時間表behind schedule遲于預定時間(2)be scheduled for預定；安排be scheduled to do.計劃做as scheduled按計劃(1)After he had finished his scheduled(schedule) bus route，he offered to help me out.(2)In spite of all the difficulties，we fulfilled our task ahead of schedule(提前).(3)The application time is scheduled for(預定) October 510.(4)The trip is scheduled to start(計劃開始) on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan，Prague，Paris，Bangkok and New Delhi.(xx全國) (1)fail to do.未能做fail in.在失敗(2)failure n.衰退，衰竭；失?。还收?；失敗的人(事)end in failure以失敗告終heart failure心臟衰竭(1)We were confused by his failure to answer(answer) the letter.(2)It was evident that the policy was a failure.同義句改寫(3)He failed the exam.He failed in the exam. He failed to pass the exam.熟詞生義選擇句子中fail的漢語意思(4)The crops failed again last summer. C (5)The brakes failed and the bus crashed into a tree. B A.辜負B.失靈C.歉收易錯點撥(1)failure表示抽象意義的“失敗”時，不可數(shù)；表示具體意義的“失敗的人或事”時，則可數(shù)。(2)failure后可接不定式作定語，但不接of doing.。graduate vi.大學畢業(yè)；獲得(學士)學位vt.向(畢業(yè)生)授予學位n.畢業(yè)生(1)graduate from/at從畢業(yè)graduate in畢業(yè)于專業(yè)(2)graduation n.畢業(yè)on graduation一畢業(yè)(1)It has been 20 years since we graduated from high school.我們高中畢業(yè)已經(jīng)20年了。(2)He graduated in physics from/at Cambridge University.他畢業(yè)于劍橋大學物理專業(yè)。(3)On graduation from college，she got a good job.她大學一畢業(yè)就找到了一份好工作。mark n.痕跡；標記；記號；成績；分數(shù)；污點，污漬vt.(給試卷等)打分數(shù)；留痕跡于；作記號于(1)hit/miss the mark(未)達到目標make ones mark出名，成功up to the mark達到要求的標準(2)be marked with標記著be marked on標記在上mark down記下；降低價格/分數(shù)寫出下列句子中mark的詞性及漢語意思(1)He made marks with a pencil.n.記號；符號(2)He was marking essays in his small study.v.給(作業(yè))評分(或打分)(3)He did well to get such a good mark.n.成績，分數(shù)(4)Prices are marked on the goods.v.標記(5)Who made these dirty marks on my new coat？n.污點，污漬單句語法填空(6)The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month，marking(mark) the end of the Chinese New Year celebrations.(7)Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(8)The exit sign was marked with an arrow.present adj.現(xiàn)存的，當前的；在場的，出席的n.禮物；目前v.陳述；提出(觀點、計劃等)；授予；展示；呈現(xiàn)；主持(1)be present at出席(2)at present目前；現(xiàn)在for the present目前；暫時(3)present sth. to sb. (present sb. with sth. )向某人贈送某物(1)We were present at the concert while Tom was absent from it.我們參加了音樂會，但是湯姆缺席了。(2)Well not talk about the matter for the present.我們暫時不談?wù)撨@件事。(3)He liked my old typewriter so much，thus I presented it to him/presented him with it.他非常喜歡我的舊打字機，因此我把它送給了他。易錯點撥present作前置定語時，意為“目前的”；作后置定語時，意為“出席的，在場的”。 (1)be absent from缺席(2)absence n.C& U 缺席；不在某處；C缺乏absence of mind心不在焉in sb. s absence某人不在時in the absence of sth. 缺乏某物(1)He failed in the exam because of his absence of mind.他因心不在焉而考試不及格。(2)In the absence of wolves，coyote populations also grew quickly.(xx全國)沒有了(灰)狼，郊狼的數(shù)量也迅速增加。(3)He was absent from the meeting for one reason or another.他因為某種原因而沒有出席會議。(4)同義句改寫The decision was made while I was not there.The decision was made in my absence.易錯點撥(1)absence通常為不可數(shù)名詞，但表示缺席或離開的次數(shù)或時間時，為可數(shù)名詞。(2)表示“做某事缺席”，其后通常接介詞from。 get on/along with與相處；進展get over克服get down to (doing) sth. 開始做某事get through打通(電話)；通過(考試)；渡過(難關(guān))(1)How are you getting along with your French?(2)Its time that I got down to thinking(think) about my future.(3)I think the problem can be got over without too much difficulty.(4)Hes not very good at getting his ideas across.(5)I finally managed to get through my driving test. put aside把放到一邊；儲存put off推遲；延期put up with忍受；容忍put away把收拾好；整理；儲蓄put on穿上；上演；增加put up搭建；張貼；為提供住宿put down放下；寫下；鎮(zhèn)壓寫出下列句子中put forward的漢語意思(1)Put your watch forward；its five minutes slow.撥快(2)I think he is fit for the position；therefore，Ill put him forward as a candidate.推薦(3)They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.將提前(4)Over the years several similar theories have been put forward.提出 take off起飛；脫下；迅速流行；(事業(yè)等)步入正軌，騰飛take over接管；繼承；支配take on呈現(xiàn)；雇用take up開始從事；繼續(xù)；拿起；占據(jù)take down拿下；寫下；記下寫出下列句子中take in的漢語意思(1)Dont be taken in by products claiming to help you lose weight in a week.欺騙(2)Gazing up into his eyes，she seemed to take in all he said.領(lǐng)會，理解(3)He was homeless，so we took him in.收留(4)They will certainly need to take in plenty of liquid.吸收(5)They continued a few miles further to take in Hinton House.參觀(6)The tour takes in six European capitals.包括，包含根據(jù)語境用上述短語的正確形式填空(7)At the age of 18，he took over his fathers pany.As a chief manager，he took in a number of talents，which made his pany take on a new look.At last，his career took off.18歲時，他接管了父親的公司。作為總經(jīng)理，他吸納了大量人才，這使他的公司呈現(xiàn)出新的面貌。最終，他的事業(yè)步入正軌。 (1)be absorbed by/into為所吸收；被吞并(吸引)(2)absorb ones attention吸引某人的注意absorb.from.從中吸收(1)In this case，try to push away your thoughts until youre absorbed(absorb) in what your friend is saying.(xx河南南陽一中模擬)(2)This plant absorbed water from the earth around it.句式升級(3)He was absorbed in TV so that he forgot to sleep.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)Absorbed in TV，he forgot to sleep.易錯點撥be absorbed in結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語或定語時，常用absorbed in.形式。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：be lost in，be caught in，be buried in，be devoted to，be occupied in，be involved in等。Every time before an examination，I am so upset.Im afraid I may fail the exam and cant live up to my teachers expectations.每次考試前我都非常煩躁，害怕考試不及格而辜負了老師的期望。every time相當于each time，是名詞短語用作從屬連詞，引導時間狀語從句，意為“每當?shù)臅r候”。常見的可用作從屬連詞的名詞短語或副詞還有：(1)the first time第一次時(the) next time下次時any time任何時候the last time上次時(2)the minute/moment/instant一就(3)immediately/instantly/directly一就(1)“Every/Each time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.”This is what my mother used to tell me.媽媽過去常常告訴我，“每次吃甜品的時候，喝點綠茶?！?2)The next time/Next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip.下次你想傳播最新消息時，想想你傳播流言的原因。(3)On/Upon hearing what he said，I couldnt hold back my tears.一聽到他說的話，我熱淚盈眶。一句多譯眾所周知，開卷有益。(4)As is known，something is learned every/each time a book is opened.(every/each time)(5)As is known，something is learned the moment/minute/instant a book is opened.(the瞬間名詞)Every time light moves into a material with a new speed，it bends and scatters(散射).(xx北京)每次光以一種新的速度穿過一種物質(zhì)時，它就會發(fā)生折射和散射。易錯點撥for the first time在句中只能作狀語，不具有連詞功能，不能用來引導狀語從句。I prefer to fail rather than cheat in the exam.我寧愿考試不及格，也不愿意考試作弊。(1)prefer to do.rather than do.寧可做也不做prefer doing/to do.更喜歡做prefer sb. to do.更喜歡讓某人做prefer sth. /doing.to sth. /doing.與相比更喜歡(2)preference n.偏愛；優(yōu)先權(quán)；偏愛的事物have a preference for.偏愛(1)Rather than talk(talk) with his mother，he prefers to be(be) always on the phone，sleep，stay in his room or go out with his friends.(2)Unlike fast-food places，fine dining shops prefer customers to stay(stay) longer and spend.(xx江蘇)(3)A teacher should not have a preference for any one of his pupils.(4)一句多譯她寧愿跟我們一起去也不愿留下來。She preferred going with us to staying behind.(prefer.to.)She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.(prefer.rather than.)She would rather go with us than stay behind.(would rather.than.)She would go with us rather than stay behind.(would.rather than.)It really benefited me a lot to review what had been taught after class.課后復習已學過的知識真的讓我受益匪淺。(1)what引導賓語從句既可作動詞賓語，也可作介詞賓語，what在從句中可作主語、賓語、表語或同位語。(2)what引導賓語從句時，既可表示疑問的意思，也可不具有疑問的意義，可表示 “的話/事/地方/速度/等”。(3)what和that引導的賓語從句的區(qū)別：what在從句中承擔成分，而that在從句中不承擔成分，只起連接主、從句的作用。(1)Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.(2)Its good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while were away.(3)Portable videophones will show us what is happening at the other end of the line.單句改錯(4)After seemed a century，the door opened and the doctors came out.(5)Popular music is every student in our classroom likes.(xx全國)During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits.I 41 the idea of taking the class because，after all，who doesnt want to 42 a few dollars？More than that，Id always wanted to learn chess.And，even if I werent 43 enough about free credits，news about our 44 was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster，which 45 I would be learning from one of the games 46 .I could hardly wait to 47 him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart，a former graduate returning to teach，and this 48 was no game for him；he meant business.In his introduction，he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to 50 the class，among other criteria，we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and， 52 ，to our lives.I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 .Ten years after my chess class with Ashley，Im still putting to use what he 55 me：“The absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 .On every single move you have to 58 a situation，process what your opponent(對手) is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist.41.A.put forward B.jumped atC.tried out D.turned down答案B解析根據(jù)上文中的“offering a free course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits”以及下文中的“Id always wanted to learn chess”可知，參加國際象棋課程是免費的并且可以獲得三個學分，而且“我”一直想學國際象棋，由此可知，“我”迫不及待地接受(jump at)了這個主意。put forward提出；try out試驗；turn down拒絕。42.A.waste B.earnC.save D.pay答案C解析聯(lián)系上文中的“a free course”可知，這是免費的課程，因此可以節(jié)省(save)幾美元。43.A.excited B.worriedC.moved D.tired答案A解析聯(lián)系下文中的“appealing enough to me”可知，即使免費獲得學分這件事不足以讓“我”興奮(excited)，也有其他事情對“我”有足夠的吸引力。44.A.title B.petitorC.textbook D.instructor答案D解析聯(lián)系下文中的“He was an international grandmaster(他是一位國際象棋大師)”可知，有關(guān)我們國際象棋課程的導師(instructor)的消息足以吸引“我”。title標題；petitor對手；textbook課本。45.A.urged B.demandedC.held D.meant答案D解析國際象棋課程的導師是國際象棋大師，這就意味著(mean)“我”將跟隨下國際象棋最好的人之一學習。urge強烈要求；demand(堅決)要求；hold持有。46.A.fastest B.easiestC.best D.rarest答案C解析聯(lián)系上文中的“international grandmaster”可知，他是下國際象棋最好的(best)人之一。47.A.interview B.meetC.challenge D.beat答案B解析聯(lián)系上文可知，國際象棋課程的導師吸引著“我”，所以“我”迫不及待地想見到(meet)他。interview采訪，面試；challenge挑戰(zhàn)；beat擊敗。48.A.chance B.qualificationC.honor D.job答案D解析聯(lián)系空后的“was no game for him；he meant business”可知，這項工作(job)對他而言不是游戲，而是正經(jīng)職業(yè)。chance機會；qualification資格；honor榮譽。49.A.real B.perfectC.clear D.possible答案C解析聯(lián)系空后的“that our credits would be hard-earned”可知，他向我們明確表示(make it clear that)這門課程的學分很難獲得。50.A.attend B.passC.skip D.observe答案B解析由上文中的“our credits would be hard-earned”及下文中的“among other criteria，we had to write a paper”可知，此處指為了通過(pass)這門課程，除了其他標準，“我們”還要寫一篇論文。attend參加；skip跳過；observe觀察。51.A.add B.exposeC.apply D.pare答案C解析聯(lián)系空后的“to our future professions”可知，“我們”的論文是關(guān)于“我們”打算如何將課堂上所學的東西應(yīng)用(apply)到未來的職業(yè)中的。apply.to.將應(yīng)用到，符合語境。add.to.向添加；expose.to.使暴露在；pare.to.把比作。52.A.eventually B.naturallyC.directly D.normally答案A解析聯(lián)系空后的“to our lives”可知，最終(eventually)要應(yīng)用到“我們”的生活中。naturally自然地；directly直接地；normally正常地。53.A.game B.presentationC.course D.experiment 答案C解析聯(lián)系空前的“I managed to get an A”可知，“我”在國際象棋課程(course)上獲得了A。game游戲；presentation報告；experiment實驗。54.A.criterion B.classroomC.department D.situation答案B解析聯(lián)系空前的“l(fā)ife lessons that have served me well”可知，“我”從中學到了課堂(classroom)之外的生活課程。criterion標準；department部門；situation狀況。55.A.taught B.wroteC.questioned D.promised 答案A解析分析語境可知，引號中的內(nèi)容是導師說的話，也就是他教(teach)“我”的東西。write寫；question詢問；promise答應(yīng)。56.A.fact B.stepC.manner D.skill答案D解析聯(lián)系空后的“you learn when you play chess is how to make good ”可知，這里是指學到的最重要的技能(skill)。57.A.grades B.decisionsC.impressions D.ments答案B解析聯(lián)系下文中的“the best move from among all your options”可知，這里指做出正確的決定(decision)。grade分數(shù)；impression印象；ment評論。58.A.analyze B.describeC.rebuild D.control答案A解析聯(lián)系空后的“a situation，process what your opponent(對手) is doing”可知，這里指分析(analyze)形勢。describe描述；rebuild重建；control控制。59.A.announce B.signalC.block D.evaluate答案D解析聯(lián)系空后的“the best move from among all your options”可知，要從你所有的選擇中評估(evaluate)出最好的一步。announce宣布；signal示意；block堵住。60.A.role B.desireC.concern D.behavior答案A解析聯(lián)系空后的“as a journalist”可知，今天這些話對于“我”作為記者的角色(role)仍然是真實有用的。desire渴望；concern擔心；behavior舉止。.宏觀把握抓住主旨大意，理清文章脈絡(luò)通過閱讀文章可知本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章講述了作者在大二學的免費課程國際象棋及這門課程對作者生活的深遠指導作用和影響。文章的脈絡(luò)如下：.微觀排障長難句分析In order to pass the class，among other criteria，we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and，eventually，to our lives.句式分析：該句中In order to pass the class 是目的狀語，how引導的是賓語從句，在該從句中，what也引導一個賓語從句。翻譯：為了通過這門課程，除了其他標準，我們還要寫一篇關(guān)于我們打算如何將課堂上所學的東西應(yīng)用到未來的職業(yè)中，并最終應(yīng)用到我們的生活中的論文。.詞匯積累1.jump at迫不及待地接受2.instructor n.導師3.textbook n.課本4.qualification n.資格5.honor n.榮譽6.attend vt.參加7.apply.to.將應(yīng)用到8.course n.課程9.criterion n.標準10.grade n.分數(shù)11.ment vt.& n.評論12.evaluate vt.評估復現(xiàn)信息對于完形填空的解題重要性很多完形填空一般都能很好地體現(xiàn)出重在考查語篇理解能力，且不在情節(jié)上、詞匯考查上大做文章的趨勢。其中對于語篇的上下文復現(xiàn)考查非常多。語篇復現(xiàn)的信息包括原詞復現(xiàn)、同義詞和反義詞復現(xiàn)、上義詞和下義詞復現(xiàn)、概括詞復現(xiàn)和代詞復現(xiàn)等。語篇中有詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象，如與語篇話題相關(guān)、意義相關(guān)的詞匯同時出現(xiàn)，結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)，同義同現(xiàn)，修飾同現(xiàn)，因果同現(xiàn)等。因此，可以利用上下文尋找解題信息，從而確定正確答案。例如42題，聯(lián)系上文中的“a free course”，save一詞實際上和free是上義詞和下義詞的復現(xiàn)，這樣就不難選出答案。(xx全國)你受學生會委托為校宣傳欄“英語天地”寫一則通知，請大家觀看一部英文短片Growing Together，內(nèi)容包括：1.短片內(nèi)容：學校的發(fā)展；2.放映時間、地點；3.歡迎對短片提出意見。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。審題謀篇第一步明確要求這是一篇書面通知形式的應(yīng)用文，要求你受學生會委托為校宣傳欄“英語天地”寫一則通知，請大家觀看一部英語短片Growing Together。時態(tài)應(yīng)以一般將來時為主，多使用被動語態(tài)和簡單句。第二步確定段落寫這篇文章時，可分兩段來寫：第一段：提出事件，提議學生觀看影片，歡迎學生對短片提出意見。第二段：告知影片播放的時間、地點。第三段：結(jié)束語。第三步要點詞匯1.播放，放映display2.我們學校的發(fā)展史the history of our schools development3.吸引人的事物attraction4.對好奇be curious about5.關(guān)心concern about/be concerned about6.錯過這次機會miss this opportunity7.評論ment8.學生會the Students Union第四步句式升級1.它向我們展示學校的整個發(fā)展史，我認為這是最吸引我們的地方。(一般表達)It shows us the whole history of our schools development and I think this is the main attraction to us.(句式升級)It shows us the whole history of our schools development，which I think is the main attraction to us.2.如果你對我們學校的歷史感興趣或關(guān)心其未來，那就決不可錯過這次極佳的機會。(一般表達)Dont miss this excellent opportunity if you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future!(句式升級)If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future，you mustnt miss this excellent opportunity!連句成篇Boys and girls，I have good news for you.The English film Growing Together made by our teachers and some senior students will be displayed this weekend.It shows us the whole history of our schools development，which I think is the main attraction to us.If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future，you mustnt miss this excellent opportunity! Besides，all your suggestions and ments about this film will be wele.It will be displayed in the School Film Hall，from 9：00 am to 10：00 am，June 9th，Saturday.Thats all.Thank you.The Students UnionJune 8,xx.閱讀理解話題：旅游難度星級：Niagara Falls are among the most beautiful natural wonders in the world，where guests will have the chance to obtain all sorts of physical and mental pleasure.Maid of the MistThis famous boat experience has been taking passengers as close to the Niagara Falls as they can get for more than a century.Guests are expected to make their way into the spray itself!Admission：Adult 19；Child (Under 11 yrs) 11；Senior (Over 65 yrs) 11Opening Hours：May 1Nov.4Duration：Approx.20 MinutesJet Boat RideThese exciting boat rides take passengers on a thrilling trip down the Niagara River！This 45-minute roundtrip ride zooms through the Niagara Gorge，and even takes passengers to the famous Whirlpool Rapids，all of a custom-built jet boat.Admission：Adult 66；Child (312 yrs，m