中考英語專題復習 專題十七 完形填空 第6講 完形填空.doc

專題十七 完形填空第6講海淀一模教學目標1. 掌握本篇完形填空中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長難句。2. 掌握完形填空的解題技巧，并能夠指出本篇完形填空中運用到的解題技巧。3. 通過完形填空高頻詞、長難句等語料的積累，及完形填空解題技巧的練習，靈活應對各種完形填空題。名師點撥知識篇“巧婦難為無米之炊”，在英語學習的過程中，語料的積累至關重要。對于完形填空高頻詞和長難句的梳理，能夠為我們今后的學習和提升打下良好的基礎。親愛的同學，老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長難句，快來看看你掌握了嗎？一、高頻詞【課前檢測學生的詞匯量儲備, 以教師提問的形式進行。具體使用中可以刪去詞義詞性部分，給小例句提示。并標記出學生的實際掌握情況（優(yōu)良差）】單詞詞性及詞義示例備注掌握情況beatv. 1)打敗 2)敲打 3)心跳She is aliveher heart is beating.chancen. 機會agreev. 1)同意 2)約定相關詞：agreement; agreeableshotn.1)射擊 2)擊球 3)鏡頭相關詞：shootliev.1)躺 2)位于 3)說謊The town lies on the coast.Justin just lay in bed every day相關詞：lie-lay-lainlie-lied-lied lyingdisappearv.消失相關詞：appearhopelessnessn.絕望“-ness”為名詞后綴，表示“的性質(zhì)”，如sadness; happiness; illness相關詞：hope; hopelessexcitingadj.令人激動的相關詞：excite; excited; excitementmovedadj.感動的相關詞：move; movingembarrassedadj.尷尬的相關詞：embarrass; embarrassing; embarrassmentpleasedadj.高興的相關詞：please; pleasing; pleasureinterestedadj.感興趣的相關詞：interest; interestingattractv. 吸引相關詞：attractionprogressn. 進步；進展breakv. 1)摔壞 2)弄壞3)暫停 4)違犯n. 休息；休假Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg.while she was home on break, they studied, talked and worked together.upsetv. 使煩惱adj.難過的realizev.意識到passv.1)路過2)遞3)及格4)時間流逝Justin passed through all his classes.scorev./n.得分Justin scored a 24 on the ACT.applyv.申請；應用Every university that he applied to accepted him.acceptv.接受；錄取receivev.收到standv.1)站立 2)位于 3)忍受I cant stand his brother.honestadj.誠實的相關詞：honesty; dishonestbrightadj. 1) 明亮的 2) 艷麗的(顏色) 3)聰明的 4)有希望的;光明的The brightest pupil in the class has a bright future.choicen. 選擇相關詞：chooserecordv.1)記錄 2)錄音n.1)記錄 2)紀錄 3)唱片eventn.1)事件 2)比賽項目put on1)增加(體重)2)上演Justin put on too much weight.lose oneself in沉迷于；沉浸于He lost himself in great hopelessness.二、長難句【課前檢測學生的句型儲備, 以教師提問的形式進行?？梢愿鶕?jù)提示分析句子結(jié)構完成句子翻譯?！?. The first six weeks, Justin just lay in bed watching TV every day and ate potato chips until the bag was empty.結(jié)構分析：_本句大的結(jié)構是“and”連接的并列句，前半句含有“watching”做伴隨狀語的結(jié)構；后半句含有“until”引導的狀語從句，意為“直到”句子翻譯：_前六周，Justin每天只是躺在床上看電視，吃薯條，直到袋子是空的。仿句練習：跟著導游，我們開始爬山。_Following the guide, we started to climb the mountain.2. Justin was attracted by the stories that Kiki told.結(jié)構分析：_本句含有that引導的定語從句，修飾名詞stories。句子翻譯：_Justin被Kiki所講的故事吸引了。仿句練習：許多年輕人似乎容易被時尚服裝那多彩的面料，各種不同的款式所吸引。 _Many young people seem to be attracted by the fashion clothes which have colorful material and various styles.3. After spending those weeks with his sister, Justin realized that he didnt want to feel bad for himself anymore, and he didnt want to give up.結(jié)構分析：_本句大的結(jié)構是“and”連接的并列句，前半句話中含有that引導的賓語從句，從句中含有“notanymore”結(jié)構，意為“不再”。句子翻譯：_在和姐姐呆了幾個星期后，Justin意識到他不想再為自己感到難過了，而且他不想放棄。仿句練習：經(jīng)過幾周的練習，現(xiàn)在我不再感到害羞，并且喜歡在眾人面前唱歌了。_After several weeks practice, now I dont feel shy anymore and I loves singing in front of many people.方法篇“方法得當, 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z料的積累，沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對于完形填空解題方法的梳理，能夠幫助我們更好地理解完形填空的命題邏輯，在有足夠語料積累的基礎上，能夠幫助我們爭取高分。親愛的同學，老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了完形填空的解題技巧，快來看看你掌握了多少？一、完形填空解題步驟第一步通讀全文，把握脈絡跳過空格，速讀全文，把握大意。注意文中的語篇關鍵詞，和句中的連詞，如but出現(xiàn)后就說明句子強調(diào)的重點是but后面的內(nèi)容；再如代詞it指代的定是前文的單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞。找到關鍵詞可以幫助我們掌握文章的大概意思及其想要傳達的寓意。第二步瞻前顧后，上下求索聯(lián)系上下文，運用解題策略從句子、段落、語篇層面解題，抓住文章中的上下文線索詞。【具體的解題策略會在下一部分詳細描述】第三步再讀文章，核查答案代入答案，再讀全文，反復檢查，爭取做到：結(jié)構正確+語義通順+邏輯合理。二、完形填空解題策略方法方法一：詞匯復現(xiàn)法解釋“詞匯復現(xiàn)”是指某一詞匯以原詞、詞形變化(如protect和protection)、同義詞/近義詞(如road和trail)、反義詞(如wrong和 correct)、上下義詞(上下義是指詞的總結(jié)和分解關系，上義詞是總稱詞，下義詞是被包含的個體或種類。如adult是my father的上義詞；coat是clothes的下義詞)等重復出現(xiàn)在語篇之中。例題例1：He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his _, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness【分析：通過上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因為他的“善良友好”他很受歡迎。故選D。】例2：The old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he is more and more _. A. forgetful B. unforgettable C. easy-going D. hard-working【分析：通過上文“The old man tends to forget things from time to time”，由“forget”可知他越來越“健忘”。故選A。（forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“難忘的”。）】方法方法二：上下文推理法解釋“上下文推理法”是指根據(jù)對上下文的語義和整個語篇的理解，進行適當?shù)耐评砼袛?，因此需重點注意挖空處的上下文語境，判斷清楚所要表達的含義。例題例：When we talked, I discovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _17_ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class.17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later【分析：通過上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美國每節(jié)課是50分鐘，中國每節(jié)課是40分鐘，根據(jù)上下文可以推斷出美國的課時比中國的長，故選B?！糠椒ǚ椒ㄈ哼壿嬐评矸ń忉尅斑壿嬐评矸ā笔歉鶕?jù)文章的邏輯關系（如因果、并列、讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折、時間順序、目的、條件、選擇等）進行適當?shù)耐评砼袛啵虼诵杼貏e注意挖空處表示邏輯關系的連詞（如and表并列，but和however表轉(zhuǎn)折，so表因果，first of all、then和finally表順序等）。例題例1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he cant sing 6 .6. A. badlyB. easilyC. wellD. excitedly【分析：通過上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和連詞“but”，可以推斷出前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關系，此處想要表達的含義是“喜歡但唱得不好”，故選C?！糠椒ǚ椒ㄋ模何幕尘俺ＷR法解釋“文化背景常識法”是指完形填空的文章內(nèi)容往往與我們的文化生活、史地知識、生活科技等相關，有些內(nèi)容是我們已經(jīng)掌握的生活常識，答題時要充分調(diào)動相關知識幫助我們分析、推斷。事實上，該技巧與“邏輯推斷”常常交織在一起的，因為雖有背景常識，仍需簡單推理。需注意中外文化的差異性，不能總是用中國人看問題的角度來看待其它國家發(fā)生的事情。例題例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鯨魚) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest【分析：第1題，眾所周知：大象是陸地上最大的動物，故選A. biggest。第2題，眾所周知：鯨魚生活在大海里，故選C. sea?！糠椒ǚ椒ㄎ澹汗潭ù钆浞ń忉屚晷翁羁找哉Z境考查為主，但也有小部分題目考查語法知識、固定搭配和固定句型，解題過程中我們需要結(jié)合所學固定搭配選出正確答案。例題例1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to【分析：考查固定短語“pay attention to注意”，故選D?！坷?：but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took【分析：考查固定短語“take photos拍照”，故選D。】語篇精講障礙閱讀【遵循完形填空“先完意，后完形”的原則，指導學生在障礙閱讀的前提下領悟文章的主要意思，防止學生理解跑偏】（海淀一模）Justin was really good at basketball and he thought it was the only way out of his school He could run with the _31_ fast and beat any of the older boys at the court and the younger boys didnt have a chance. One day, some boys from another school ran up and asked to _32_ with Justin. The big one in the middle said that he had heard Justin was the best and he wanted to see if it was true. Justin agreed. During the game, Justin was running all over the big boys and making his shots. Suddenly, a big boy _33_ Justin. Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg. The doctor said Justin might never play again. Justin was so _34_. The first six weeks, Justin just lay in bed watching TV every day and ate potato chips until the bag was empty. Justin put on too much weight. His once _35_ future disappeared. When he lost himself in great hopelessness, Justins sister, Kiki came home from the university. She was like sunshine, _36_ exciting stories of college. Justin was attracted by the stories that Kiki told. “Justin!” She interrupted his daydream. “ Let me see your progress report.” Justin was _37_. His grades had really fallen since he broke his leg. “Oh no, this wont do, Justin,” she said. “Were going to improve the grades.” So, while she was home on break, they studied, talked and worked together. Justin _38_ better and he wasnt so upset. After spending those weeks with his sister, Justin realized that he didnt want to feel bad for himself anymore, and he didnt want to give up. Basketball used to be his thing, and he was good at it, but now there was only _39_, so he had to get good at that. Justin passed through all his classes. With the study skills he had learned from his sister, Justin scored a 24 on the ACT. Every university that he applied to (申請) accepted him. When the autumn came, Justin had his _40_ in colleges. He decided to go to the sunniest university in Hawaii, and nobody could say that Justin made a bad choice. 文章大意為（只給出關鍵詞即可）_參考關鍵詞：Justin; basketball; never play again; hopelessness; sister; college; didnt want to give up; passed參考答案：Justin used to be good at playing basketball, but because he broke his leg in one game he couldnt play anymore and he lost himself in hopelessness. But after his sisters encouragement and company he started to work hard on his schoolwork. At last he was accepted by every university that he applied to【注：程度比較好的學生可以進行無選項填空訓練】語篇練習話題體裁詞數(shù)建議用時實際用時正確率難度人物故事類記敘文37312-15分鐘_/10（海淀一模）Justin was really good at basketball and he thought it was the only way out of his school. He could run with the _31_ fast and beat any of the older boys at the court and the younger boys didnt have a chance. One day, some boys from another school ran up and asked to _32_ with Justin. The big one in the middle said that he had heard Justin was the best and he wanted to see if it was true. Justin agreed. During the game, Justin was running all over the big boys and making his shots. Suddenly, a big boy _33_ Justin. Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg. The doctor said Justin might never play again. Justin was so _34_. The first six weeks, Justin just lay in bed watching TV every day and ate potato chips until the bag was empty. Justin put on too much weight. His once _35_ future disappeared. When he lost himself in great hopelessness, Justins sister, Kiki came home from the university. She was like sunshine, _36_ exciting stories of college. Justin was attracted by the stories that Kiki told. “Justin!” She interrupted his daydream. “ Let me see your progress report.” Justin was _37_. His grades had really fallen since he broke his leg. “Oh no, this wont do, Justin,” she said. “Were going to improve the grades.” So, while she was home on break, they studied, talked and worked together. Justin _38_ better and he wasnt so upset. After spending those weeks with his sister, Justin realized that he didnt want to feel bad for himself anymore, and he didnt want to give up. Basketball used to be his thing, and he was good at it, but now there was only _39_, so he had to get good at that. Justin passed through all his classes. With the study skills he had learned from his sister, Justin scored a 24 on the ACT. Every university that he applied to (申請) accepted him. When the autumn came, Justin had his _40_ in colleges. He decided to go to the sunniest university in Hawaii, and nobody could say that Justin made a bad choice. 31. A. toy B. ball C. key D. flag 32. A. play B. stand C. eat D. ride 33. A. saw B. met C. pushed D. followed 34. A. brave B. honest C. safe D. sad 35. A. busy B. quiet C. bright D. funny 36. A. changing B. receiving C. forgetting D. bringing 37. A. moved B. embarrassed C. interested D. pleased 38. A. repeated B. taught C. felt D. sounded 39. A. schoolwork B. sport C. home D. travel 40. A. fact B. choice C. record D. event 語篇精講：參考答案：3135 BACDC 3640 DBCAB 文章大意：本文講述了一個叫做Justin的男孩的故事。Justin擅長打籃球，但是在一次比賽中受傷不能再打籃球，他一度陷入絕望之中；后來在他姐姐的幫助和鼓勵之下，他開始努力學習并考上好大學。通過Justin的故事，作者告訴我們遇到困難不要輕易放棄。答案解析：31. 通過上文“Justin was really good at basketball”可知Justin擅長打籃球，因此可推斷出他可以快速運球。故選B。32. 通過下文“During the game, Justin was running all over the big boys”可知Justin在和“the big boys”比賽，因此可推斷出他們要和他一起打籃球，故選A。33. 通過下文“Justin went flying, fell on the ground”可知Justin摔倒了，再結(jié)合生活常識可推斷出在比賽過程中應該是有人“推”了他一下，他才會摔倒。故選C。34. 通過上文“The doctor said Justin might never play again.”可知他不能再打籃球了，再結(jié)合生活常識可知對于一個喜歡打球的孩子來說不能再打球了，他肯定會覺得傷心。故選D。35. 結(jié)合語境可知，Justin擅長打籃球并認為這是他唯一的出路，當他不能再打球以后，可以推斷出對他來說“他曾經(jīng)光明的未來不見了”，故選C。36. 通過下文可知Kiki給Justin講故事，因此可推斷出故事是從大學里帶回來的，故選D。37. 通過下文“His grades had really fallen”可知他成績下降了，因此可推斷出當姐姐要看他成績單時，他應該是感到尷尬的，故選B。38. 通過下文“he wasnt so upset”可知他不再那么沮喪，因此可以推斷出他是感覺好多了，故選C。39. 通過下文“Justin passed through all his classes”，可知他現(xiàn)在只有學業(yè)了，故選A。40. 通過下文“He decided to go to the sunniest university in Hawaii, and nobody could say that Justin made a bad choice.”可知Justin有自己的選擇。故選B。精講筆記【學生在教師的指導下，回顧本講中積累的完形填空的知識和方法】語篇中積累的詞匯【至少掌握10個】單詞詞性及詞義單詞的運用（鼓勵學生用所學詞匯造句）realize語篇中的學到的方法【根據(jù)具體教學情況歸納總結(jié)】【至少掌握2個】方法一：詞匯復現(xiàn)法如：本篇文章中的40. (choice )方法二：上下文推理法方法三：邏輯推理法方法四：文化背景常識法方法五：固定搭配法能力提升基礎過關一、詞匯/短語翻譯單詞詞性、詞義備注1beatv. 1)_ 2) _ 3) _提示：She is aliveher heart is beating.2_n. 機會3_v. 1)同意 2)約定4_n.1)射擊 2)擊球 3)鏡頭5liev.1)躺 2) _ 3)說謊相關詞：lie-_-_ lie_-_ 6_v.消失反義詞：_7hopelessness_“-ness”為_后綴，表示“的性質(zhì)”8_adj.令人激動的9_adj.感動的10_adj.尷尬的11_adj.高興的12_adj.感興趣的13breakv. 1) _ 2)弄壞3)暫停 4) _n. _提示：Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg.We cant break the law.while she was home on break, they studied, talked and worked together.14_v. 使煩惱 adj.難過的15_v.意識到16passv.1)路過2)遞3) _4) _提示：Justin passed through all his classes.With time passing by, we have grown up.17_v./n.得分18_v.申請；應用19_v.接受；錄取20_v.收到21standv.1) _ 2)位于 3) _提示：I cant stand his brother.22_adj.誠實的反義詞：dishonest23brightadj. 1) 明亮的 2) 艷麗的(顏色) 3) _ 4) _提示：The brightest pupil in the class has a bright future.24_n. 選擇25_v.1)記錄 2)錄音26_n. 進步；進展27_v. 推28_v. 吸引29put on1) _ 2) _提示：Justin put on too much weight.30lose oneself in_二、句子翻譯1.前六周，Justin每天只是躺在床上看電視，吃薯條，直到袋子是空的。_2. 他曾經(jīng)光明的未來不見了。_3. 他沉浸在深深的絕望之中。_4. 她就像陽光一樣，帶來大學的一些令人興奮的故事。_5. Justin被Kiki所講的故事吸引了。_6.在和姐姐呆了幾個星期后，Justin意識到他不想再為自己感到難過了，而且他不想放棄。_7. 他申請的每所大學都錄取了他。_完形練習（海淀一模）The LakeThe day when Robert was born was the happiest day of my life. Unfortunately my wife decided she no longer wanted to be married to me. My little boy and I had to 31, only getting to see each other every other weekend.One day, I decided to go fishing with my son, who was about 5 years old, at a nearby lake. We arrived at the lake early. Getting out of the car, we brought out all of the fishing equipment and our life jackets and the cooler that had our tasty lunch in it. I could just 32 the day in my mind in hopes that it would never end. We both went out onto the dock（船塢）and I thought, “Do I put his life jacket on first or load the boat first?” I saw him skipping rocks on the water, so I decided to load the boat first.I was just finishing up when I heard the splash. I turned and looked quickly expecting to see Robert 33 standing there, but I did not see him anywhere. I jumped into the water to save my son immediately. I searched and searched but found him nowhere. I came up for a breath hoping to see him above water, now wondering how I could find him in the murky（渾濁的）water. I finally decided to go all the way to the bottom and 34 around, not coming up until I found him.Finally, there on the bottom he was, his arms wrapped around the wooden pole that holds up the dock. I brought him to the 35 and put him on the bank. While both of us were coughing and spitting out water, I just hugged him and was 36 that I had found him in time.When things finally calmed down, I asked one simple question, “Robert, why were you 37 onto that pole on the bottom of the lake?” He looked at me with the most innocent and loving eyes and simply replied, “I was waiting for you, Daddy. I knew you would come to 38 me.”I thought that I could not be any 39 or any madder at the same time and I just told him, “I sure do love you, sweetheart.” He replied, “I love you too, Dad.”There is no amount of money or cars or jobs or any material thing that could replace being loved and 40 someone so much. I am lucky to have the ability to love on such a high level, and the ability to forgive on the same level.31. A. backB. partC. argueD. move32. A. pictureB. enjoyC. showD. spend33. A. carefullyB. happilyC. safelyD. quietly34. A. walkB. lookC. hearD. feel35. A. surfaceB. centreC. frontD. corner36. A. thoughtfulB. regretfulC. hopefulD. thankful37. A. jumpingB. holdingC. steppingD. pointing38. A. callB. awakeC. saveD. remind39. A. funnierB. prouderC. sadderD. cooler40. A. missingB. touchingC. lovingD. changing參考答案基礎過關一、詞匯/短語翻譯單詞詞性、詞義備注1beatv. 1)打敗 2)敲打 3)心跳提示：She is aliveher heart is beating.2chancen. 機會3agreev. 1)同意 2)約定4shotn.1)射擊 2)擊球 3)鏡頭5liev.1)躺 2)位于 3)說謊相關詞：lie-lay-lain lie-lied-lied lying6disappearv.消失反義詞：appear7hopelessnessn.絕望“-ness”為名詞后綴，表示“的性質(zhì)”8excitingadj.令人激動的9movedadj.感動的10embarrassedadj.尷尬的11pleasedadj.高興的12interestedadj.感興趣的13breakv. 1)摔壞 2)弄壞3)暫停 4)違犯n. 休息；休假提示：Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg.We cant break the law.while she was home on break, they studied, talked and worked together.14upsetv. 使煩惱 adj.難過的15realizev.意識到16passv.1)路過2)遞3)及格4)時間流逝提示：Justin passed through all his classes.With time passing by, we have grown up.17scorev./n.得分18applyv.申請；應用19acceptv.接受；錄取20receivev.收到21standv.1)站立 2)位于 3)忍受提示：I cant stand his brother.22honestadj.誠實的