綠色建筑土木專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯

綠色建筑 摘 要：綠色建筑是指盡力最大限度地節(jié)約資源(能源、土地、水、木)、保護環(huán)境,減少污染在它的生命周期。為人們提供健康、適當、有效利用空間,與自然和諧共生的建筑物。我所說的那樣,綠色建筑設計的更多細節(jié)的概念,綠色建筑的設計,以及概念的意義,綠色建筑和改善效能分析的綠色建筑的外部效應的措施。關鍵詞：綠色建筑 保護生態(tài) 意義 分析其影響1 引言綠色建筑是指建造生命周期,最大限度地節(jié)約資源(能源、土地、水及材料),保護環(huán)境,減少污染,為人們提供健康、應用和有效利用空間,與自然和諧的建筑。所謂的綠色建筑的“綠色”并不意味著一般意義的三維綠色屋頂花園,但是表現(xiàn)一個概念或符號,是指建設環(huán)境友好,充分利用自然資源、環(huán)境和生態(tài)破壞環(huán)境的基本不平衡的一座正在建設,但也被稱為可持續(xù)發(fā)展建筑,eco-building,回到野外施工、節(jié)能建筑。綠色建筑內(nèi)部布局是很合理的,以盡量減少使用合成材料、充分利用太陽、節(jié)約能源為居民創(chuàng)造自然的感覺。人、建筑與自然環(huán)境和諧發(fā)展的目標,在利用天然和人工手段來創(chuàng)造了良好的條件及健康生活環(huán)境的前提下,盡可能多地控制和減少使用和破壞自然環(huán)境,充分體現(xiàn)了回歸大自然獲取和平衡。2 綠色建筑的意義綠色建筑的基本內(nèi)涵可以概括為:為減少負載對環(huán)境的建筑中,節(jié)約能源和資源,提供一個安全、健康、舒適的居住空間,具有親和力和良好的自然環(huán)境,使人們和建筑與自然環(huán)境和諧共生的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。3 發(fā)展綠色建筑評級的意義系統(tǒng)綠色建筑評價指標體系建立的一場革命,在這一領域的建筑及其啟示,它遠比節(jié)能技術。在許多方面,這是創(chuàng)新和有機合成,從而建筑與自然和諧共處、充分利用資源和能源,創(chuàng)造健康、舒適、優(yōu)美的生活空間。這是該領域的技術、社會和經(jīng)濟角度的革命性的架構。3.1 技術意義綠色建筑的研究早期出現(xiàn)的技術問題,技術是孤立的和片面的,沒有形成一個有機的整體,一體化的設計和經(jīng)濟研究的意識是遠離唯一的策略的經(jīng)濟分析階段的子公司的知識。然而,個人技術研究成果的早期現(xiàn)代綠色建筑技術的多維發(fā)展和系統(tǒng)集成打下堅實的基礎。20世紀90年代以來,隨著逐漸加深理解綠色建筑和成熟,人們放棄他獨自思考方式過于理想化道德約束和環(huán)境意識和行為,轉(zhuǎn)向自發(fā)的綠色環(huán)境哲學探索更多的可操作、環(huán)境和資本結合成未來世界發(fā)展的新方向的環(huán)保、綠色建筑的生態(tài)倫理思想的輸入結果從實踐的深化促進生態(tài)研究的新階段。綠色建筑技術呈現(xiàn)出自然科學、社會科學、人文科學、計算機科學、信息科學和其他學科的研究成果一體化的趨勢,使綠色建筑設計的多維階段的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究。綠色建筑技術的深入發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、形態(tài)、材料、設備等領域,在各類先進的技術開發(fā)、技術和其他設計元素的集成也從過去的簡單相加,更多地關注的周邊圍護結構本身設計技術與建筑結合的整體系統(tǒng)的變化,逐漸成為綠色建筑體系。綠色建筑評級系統(tǒng)建立起了綠色建筑技術逐步改善、系統(tǒng)化的必然結果,是綠色建筑技術的有機結合,一個平臺建造綠色建筑技術、信息技術、計算機技術和許多其他的學科可以統(tǒng)一平臺在他們各自的角色,建立了綜合評價指標體系的基礎上,為設計師、規(guī)劃師、工程師和管理者提供一個比以往任何時候都更簡單,規(guī)章明確的綠色建筑評估。3.2 社會意義綠色建筑評級制度反映了社會意義的主要倡導者的新的生活方式,增加了知識和公眾參與當?shù)匚幕难永m(xù)的兩個方面。提倡健康的生活方式。綠色建筑評級制度,對社會發(fā)展的意義主要倡導健康的生活方式,它是基于設計、施工的綠色建筑作為社區(qū)教育的過程。原則的綠色建筑評價指標體系的有效利用資源和生態(tài)的規(guī)則可循,基于健康的建筑空間創(chuàng)造和保持可持續(xù)發(fā)展。在過去的概念來糾正人們的誤解,消費者的生活方式,不能一味追求物質(zhì)奢侈,但是應該保持環(huán)境的可持續(xù)利用的前提下追求生活的舒適。謙虛從建設的基本條件,是為了滿足人類的需要建立人民的物質(zhì)資料和生活方式、文化意識名字是不能持久的價值時,綠色建筑本身將會減輕,但只有一個真正的社會時需要可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求和生活方式符合綠色建筑取得最好的結果。提高公眾參與意識。綠色建筑評級制度不是壟斷為設計人員所專業(yè)的工具,但是規(guī)劃師,設計師,工程師,經(jīng)理,發(fā)展商、,共同擁有的公共和其他的評估工具。它打破了先前的專業(yè)化發(fā)展壟斷企業(yè),鼓勵了公眾的參與和其他的政府官員的欺壓。通過引入公眾參與、及其他建筑使用者的建筑師、建設對話參與者,使得原有設計過程主要由建筑師越來越開放。證明了各種各樣的視圖的介入和良好的幫助來創(chuàng)建一個動態(tài)的文化,體現(xiàn)社會公平的社區(qū)。3.3 經(jīng)濟意義綠色建筑評級制度,經(jīng)濟意義可分為宏觀和微觀兩個層面。從宏觀層面上,綠色建筑評級系統(tǒng)的生命周期的角度,從系統(tǒng)的綠色環(huán)保建筑的設計融入經(jīng)濟議題涉及生產(chǎn)從建筑材料、設計、施工、運營、資源使用、廢棄物排放、廢物循環(huán)利用的自然資源的拆除,直到整個過程。經(jīng)濟因素的綠色建筑已不再局限于設計過程本身,而政策一直延伸到設計的狹小的作用,來支持政策層面上,包括建立“綠色標簽”制度,提高施工環(huán)境審計和管理體制,加大和實施能源消耗,污染物排放稅和其他行為的努力,提高環(huán)境保護的法律制度,從增加政府建設項目的可持續(xù)性經(jīng)濟上的支持和提高商品的成本,不污染環(huán)境的建設起到了成本,為綠色建筑設計和建設創(chuàng)造一個良好的外部環(huán)境。這一目標是不完全的責任的政府機構,作為建筑師參與設計工作是一個聲音的義務責任制度的建議,因為只有最實踐需要的是真實的而且迫在眉睫。在相關的政策議題在綠色建筑設計策略、建筑系統(tǒng)解決的經(jīng)濟問題面臨的重要方面。在微觀層面上,當前從經(jīng)濟的角度設計策略是更為充分考慮經(jīng)濟的項目運作,并確定了具體的設計策略和相應調(diào)整。3.4 倫理意義綠色建筑評級制度,其理論基礎的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的理念,因此,是否每個國家的評價體系在結構上有多大的不同,他們都有一個共同點:減輕負擔的生態(tài)環(huán)境,提高施工質(zhì)量環(huán)境,為未來幾代人的發(fā)展,仍有足夠的空間。這從根本上改變?nèi)祟惖淖匀痪坝^,突然盲目的態(tài)度,反映著人們的關系的認識人與自然之間的反對黨統(tǒng)一的變化。根據(jù)當前的全球能源儲備和資源分布、地球上的自然環(huán)境也是遠離邊緣的疲憊,足夠的人享受的奢侈生活現(xiàn)代材料。但是現(xiàn)在我們必須消耗資源,這意味著將來的人會更少的生活空間。更重要的是,如果我們吃了自然環(huán)境超過可限制自強,那么未來的年輕一代正在面臨著地球的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)不能收回的風險成為一個真正的危機。因此我們可以說,綠色建筑的發(fā)展及其相應的評價體系,是為了更多的當代人們的責任和義務；為更多的利益和未來世代的發(fā)展利益。4 綠色建筑的設計節(jié)能:充分利用太陽能、使用節(jié)能建筑的信封和暖氣和空調(diào)、減少暖氣和空調(diào)的使用。按設定的原則,自然通風冷卻系統(tǒng),允許高效地利用建筑對主導風向在夏天，建筑結構形式和總體布局適應當?shù)氐臍夂驐l件。節(jié)約資源:在建筑設計、施工和選擇的建筑材料,被認為是合理使用和處理的資源。減少使用的資源,力求利用可再生資源。節(jié)約水資源,包括水土保持和綠化。回歸自然:綠色建筑外觀強調(diào)與周圍環(huán)境、和諧、運動的整合,與自然生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護是相輔相成的。5 綠色建筑的效果5.1 綠色建筑的效果綠色建筑的影響包括內(nèi)部和外部的影響效應,直接的好處和直接成本作為內(nèi)部的效果,如大家知道的間接利益和間接成本的外部效應,根據(jù)工程經(jīng)濟學的角度來看:內(nèi)部效果得到財務評價、外部效果要經(jīng)濟評價、經(jīng)濟評價是基于所謂的稀缺資源的合理配置和社會經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展原則,從整體的角度,研究國民經(jīng)濟的項目支出的社會資源和貢獻給社會帶來的評估項目的經(jīng)濟合理性,通常包括行業(yè)外部效應的影響,環(huán)境與生態(tài)的影響、技術擴散效應、外部效應將導致私人成本(內(nèi)部成本或間接成本和社會成本的不一致)的實際價格,導致不同于最優(yōu)惠的價格。從可持續(xù)發(fā)展的視角,綠色建筑評價效果的主要指標是外部性效果。自始自終的發(fā)展綠色建筑的統(tǒng)一的量化指標體系還沒有建立起來,我認為應該從以下幾個方面應分析:(1)嚴格控制建筑行業(yè)、規(guī)模、限制員工數(shù)量。粗放型的增長模型的斗爭,集中建設方案,施工過程中利用人類的波的戰(zhàn)術,一旦國家限定公司經(jīng)營規(guī)模的建筑,甚至會形成“適當”,這也不會降低機械化程度、勞動、較低的水平。(2)更多投資于技術,更新技術,建立和完善機制,科學、技術設備。把注意力集中在建筑技術的發(fā)展和應用,結合工程的特點,今后的建設,有計劃的科學技術研究開發(fā)的新機器、新工藝、新材料,積極引進、吸收國內(nèi)外同行業(yè)先進的科技成果的科學和技術,提高水平的機械化。(3)在城市規(guī)劃、勘察、設計通過“綠色建筑”的想法。家庭住房和城市建設或者變更必須呆在房間里,從照明、通風、排水等控制對環(huán)境的損害。(4)建設工作中減少資源消耗、生產(chǎn)過程,對施工過程中應采取節(jié)能措施,以防止過度消耗土地資源、水資源、電力資源。5.2 綠色建筑應對建筑經(jīng)濟的挑戰(zhàn)受政府控制的干預,在一定程度上對有效的資源配置,加強節(jié)能強制性標準的實施對工程建設監(jiān)理。要進一步提高建筑能源監(jiān)測體系,加強建筑節(jié)能標準的強制為了落實項目實施為主要內(nèi)容的整個過程的監(jiān)控,特別是對于大型公共建筑,提高建筑能源監(jiān)管,體現(xiàn)在工程造價方面的外部成本成為內(nèi)部成本,使"非綠色建設”項目的內(nèi)部成本,內(nèi)部效率和減少外部成本的綠色建筑,外部效率的提高,以便有效的使經(jīng)濟資源的合理流動的綠色建筑。在新經(jīng)濟時代企業(yè)架構來獲得競爭優(yōu)勢,提高外部效果只有不斷開發(fā)的方法和手段,提高效率,降低成本外,外部的基本思想和原則:(1)建設對自然資源的生命周期和能源消耗最小;(2)減少建造生命周期的排放量;(3)保護生態(tài)(天然)環(huán)境;(4)形成一種健康、舒適、安全的室內(nèi)空間;(5)建筑的施工質(zhì)量、功能、性能和環(huán)境的統(tǒng)一。6 總結：上面所描述的是綠色建筑的設計與分析其有效性和提高綠色建筑的外部效應的措施。但如何設計綠色建筑的未來需要某種程度的實踐來讓我們試圖理解,我相信綠色建筑將成為未來建設的一種趨勢。參考文獻1 賀珉 朱華威. 綠色建筑與建筑節(jié)能M.浙江建筑出版社 2009年第10期.2 張綾軍 湯猛.綠色建筑M.中國建筑工業(yè)出版社.1998年5月第一版.Green Building (University of Texas School of green building Dax 114200)Abstract: Green building refers to do its best to maximize conservation of resources (energy, land, water, and wood)，protecting the environment and reduce pollution in its life cycle. Provide people with healthy, appropriate and efficient use of space, and nature in harmony symbiosis buildings. I described more details of green building design notion, green building design, as well as the significance of the concept of green building and improve the effectiveness analysis of the external effects of green building measures.Key words: green buildings protect the ecology signification analysing the effects1 What is a green building Green building refers to building life cycle, the maximum conservation of resources (energy, land, water and materials), protecting the environment and reduce pollution, provide people with health, application and efficient use of space, and nature harmony of the building. The so-called green building "green" does not mean a general sense of three-dimensional green, roof garden, but represents a concept or symbol, refers to building environmentally friendly, make full use of natural resources, environment and basic ecological damage to the environment without balance of a building under construction, but also known as sustainable building, eco-building, back into the wild construction, energy saving construction. Green building interior layout is very reasonable, to minimize the use of synthetic materials, full use of the sun, saving energy for the residents Chuangzao almost-natural feeling. People, architecture and the natural environment for the harmonious development goals, in the use of natural and artificial means to create good conditions and healthy living environment, as much as possible to control and reduce the use and destruction of the natural environment, to fully reflect the nature obtain and return balance. 2 the meaning of green building The basic connotation of green building can be summarized as: to reduce the load on the environment architecture, which save energy and resources; provide a safe, healthy, comfortable living space with good; affinity with the natural environment, so that people and building a harmonious coexistence with the environment and sustainable development. 3 Development of the significance of green building rating system Establish green building rating system is a revolution in the field of architecture and the Enlightenment, its far more than energy savings. It is innovative in many ways and organic synthesis, thereby building in harmony with nature, full utilization of resources and energy, create healthy, comfortable and beautiful living space. Its revolutionary for the field of architecture from the technical, social and economic angles. 3.1 Technical Significance Green building study of early technical problems of individual-based, technology is isolated and one-sided, not formed an organic whole, the integration of design and economic study of consciousness is far from the only strategy of economic analysis phase of the subsidiarys knowledge . However, individual technical research results of early modern green building techniques for the multi-dimensional development and systems integration will lay a solid foundation. Since the nineties of the 20th century, with the understanding of green building gradually deepen and mature, people give up way too utopian thinking He alone environmental consciousness and moral constraints and spontaneous green behavior, turned to explore more workable environmental philosophy, environmental and capital combined into the future world the new direction of development of environmental protection, green building has entered a result of ecological ethics from the practice of promoting ecological research to deepen the new stage. Green Building Technology takes on the natural sciences, social sciences, humanities, computer science, information science and other subjects the trend of integration of research results, making green building design into the multi-dimensional stage of development strategy study. The deepening of green building technology strategy and development in materials, equipment, morphology, etc various advanced fields, in technology development, technology and other design elements of the integration is also starting from the past the simple addition, more attention to the periphery of the retaining structure itself design technology and architecture to combine the overall system change, gradually becoming green building systems. Green building rating system was established green building technologies gradually improve and systematize the inevitable result, it is the organic integration of green building technology, a platform built to green building technology, information technology, computer technology and many other subjects can be a unified platform in their respective roles, the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for designers, planners, engineers and managers a more than ever, a more simple, Guizhangmingque green building assessment tools and design guidelines. 3.2 The social significanceGreen building rating system reflects the social significance of the main advocates of the new way of life, heightened awareness and public participation in the continuation of local culture are two aspects. To promote a healthy lifestyle. Green building rating system, the social significance of the primary advocate a healthy lifestyle, which is based on the design and construction of green buildings as a community education process. The principles of green building rating system is the effective use of resources and ecological rules to follow, based on the health of building space to create and maintain sustainable development. The concept of the past to correct peoples misconceptions about consumer lifestyles, that can not blindly pursue material luxury, but should keep the environment under the premise of sustainable use of modest comfort to pursue life. From the fundamental terms, construction is to meet human needs built up of material goods as peoples Wenhuayishi Name and lifestyle is not sustainable when, the value of green building itself will be reduced, but only had a real social need When the requirements of sustainable development and way of life that matches the green building to achieve the best results. Enhanced awareness of public participation. Green Building Rating system is not a monopoly for the design staff of professional tools, but for planners, designers, engineers, managers, developers, property owners, jointly owned by the public and other assessment tools. It broke the previous professional development of the monopoly to encourage the participation of the public and other public officers. Through public participation, the introduction of architects and other building users, the construction of dialogue participants, making the original design process dominated by the architect becomes more open. Proved the involvement of various views and a good help to create a dynamic culture, embody social justice community. 3.3 The economic significanceGreen building rating system, the economic significance can be divided into macro and micro levels. At the macro level, the green building rating system from the system life-cycle perspective, the green building design integrated into the economic issues involved in the production from the building materials, design, construction, operation, resource use, waste disposal, recycling of demolition until the natural resources the whole process. Economic considerations of green building is no longer limited to the design process itself, while the policy extended to the design of the narrow role to play to support the policy level, including the establishment of "green labeling" system, improving the construction environmental audit and management system, increase and construction-related energy consumption, pollutant emissions and other acts of tax efforts, improve the legal system of environmental protection, from the increase in government construction projects on the sustainability of economic support and raise the cost to the construction of polluting the environment acts as the costs for green buildings design and construction to create a favorable external environment. This goal is not entirely the responsibility of government agencies, as the architects involved in design work as a sound system of responsibility for recommendations obligations, because only the most from the practice of the need is real and urgent. The related policy issues in green building design strategies, building a system to solve the economic problems facing the important aspects. At the micro level, the current from the economic point of Design Strategy is more fully consider the economic operation of the project, and specific technical strategies accordingly adjusted. 3.4 Ethical Significance Green building rating system, the theoretical basis of the concept of sustainable development, therefore, whether the evaluation system of each country how much difference in structure, they all have one thing in common: reduce the burden of ecological environment, improve construction quality of the environment for future generations to remain the development of there is room. This radically change the long-sought human blindly to the natural attitude, reflecting peoples understanding of the relationship between man and nature by the opposition to the uniform change. According to the current distribution, the Earths natural environment is also far from the edge of exhaustion, enough people enjoy the luxury of contemporary material life. But now we have to consume a resource, it means that future generations will be less of a living space. More importantly, if we consume the natural environment more than it can limit self-renewal, then the future of the younger generation is facing the planets ecosystems can not recover the risk into a real crisis. Therefore we can say, the development of green buildings and their corresponding evaluation system, for more contemporary people is the responsibility and obligations. For more the interests of future generations and advantages. 4 green building design Saving energy: full use of solar energy, using energy-efficient building envelope and heating and air conditioning, reducing heating and air conditioning use. Set according to the principle of natural ventilation cooling system that allows efficient use of building to the dominant wind direction in summer. Adapted to local climatic conditions, building use form and general layout of the plane. Resource conservation: in the building design, construction and selection of construction materials, are considered fair use and disposal of resources. To reduce the use of resources, strive to make the use of renewable resources. Conserve water resources, including water conservation and greening. Return to Nature: Green Building exterior to emphasize integration with the surrounding environment, harmony, movement complement each other so that the protection of natural ecological environment. 5 Effect of green building 5.1 Effect of the composition of green building Effect of green building, including internal effects and external effects, direct benefits and direct costs as the internal effect, known as the indirect benefits and indirect costs of external effects, according to engineering economics point of view: the internal effects can be financial evaluation, external effects should be economic evaluation, economic evaluation is based on the so-called rational allocation of scarce resources and socio-economic principles of sustainable development, from the perspective of the overall national economy, study projects spending of social resources and contributions to the community to evaluate the projects economic and reasonable and external effects generally include Industry Effects, environmental and ecological effects, technology diffusion effect, the external effect will cause the private costs (internal costs or indirect costs) and social costs inconsistent, leading to the actual price is different from the best price. From the perspective of sustainable development, green building assessment effects of the main indicators of external effects. Since beginning the development of green building, unity of quantitative indicators system is still not established, I believe that the following aspects should be analyzed: (1)strictly control the construction industry, size, limit the number of employees. Extensive growth model epitomized by the struggle over the construction project, the construction process using human wave tactics, once the state limit the scale of construction, will form the "adequate", which will not reduce the degree of mechanization, labor, the low level. (2) more investments in technology, upgrade technology, establish and perfect the mechanism for scientific and technical equipment. Focus on the development and application of building technology, combined with the project, the characteristics of future construction, a planned way scientific and technological research and development of new machinery, new processes, new materials, and actively introduce, absorb and assimilate the advanced scientific and technological achievements of science and technology to improve the level of mechanization. (3) in urban planning, survey and design through the "green building" ideas. Family housing and urban construction or alteration must remain in the room, from lighting, ventilation, drainage and so control the damage to the environment. (4) construction work, reduced resource consumption, the production process in construction, energy saving measures should be adopted to prevent the excessive consumption of land resources, water resources, power resources. 5.2 External effects of the challenges to building the economy Under the control of the governments intervention, to a certain extent on the efficient allocation of resources to strengthen the implementation of energy conservation mandatory standards for construction supervision. To further improve the building energy monitoring system, and strengthen the mandatory building energy efficiency standards in order to carry out the implementation of the project as the main content of the whole process of monitoring, particularly for large public buildings to enhance the building energy regulation, reflected in the project cost on the part of the Waibu costs into internal costs, making the "non-green building" projects internal costs, internal efficiency and reduce the external costs of green building, the external efficiency increase, so that effective economic resources to the rational flow of green building. 6 Improve the external effects of green building measures Enterprise architecture in the new economy to obtain a competitive advantage, improve the external effects only continually tap the ways and means to improve the external efficiency, reduce external costs, the basic ideas and principles: (1) Construction of natural resources in the life cycle and minimize energy consumption; (2) reducing building life cycle emissions; (3) protect the ecological (natural) environment; (4) to form a healthy, comfortable and safe indoor space; (5) the quality of construction, functionality, performance and environmental unity. 7 Summarydescribed above, the meaning of green building design and analysis of its effectiveness and im