2019-2020年高考英語考前沖刺Ⅲ專題01 冠詞和名詞.doc

2019-2020年高考英語考前沖刺專題01 冠詞和名詞 【高考預(yù)測】1.名詞詞組以及普通名詞在具體語境中的運(yùn)用2.名詞的可數(shù)和不可數(shù)3.名詞作定語和在一些固定短語中的用法4.冠詞常見的習(xí)慣搭配用法和部分物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞具體化之后的冠詞用法5.名詞作直接定語與名詞所有格作定語的區(qū)別6.名詞作定語和其同根的形容詞作定語的區(qū)別7.冠詞在固定短語中的有無問題【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)睛】易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)睛1 名詞詞組以及普通名詞在具體語境中的運(yùn)用1.(xx精選模擬) The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has all over the country.A. panies B. branches C. organizations D. businesses【錯(cuò)誤解答】 A或D【正確解答】 B3.(xx精選模擬) The face of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles.A. length B. distance C. way D. space【錯(cuò)誤解答】 A或D【錯(cuò)解分析】 名詞按意義可劃分為普通名詞和專有名詞。這道題主要是要辨清四個(gè)名詞的具體含義。length長度；distance距離；way道路，方法；space空間，太空。結(jié)構(gòu)“a distance of + 數(shù)字”來表示“有的距離”?！菊_解答】 B4.(xx精選模擬)In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the in personality.A. contact B. contrast C. connection D. conflict【錯(cuò)誤解答】 B天才，才能；character品性，性格，品度。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該是指和別人共同工作時(shí)的性格，因此填Characler.【正確解答】 D【特別提醒】 1.英語中專有名詞是指個(gè)人、國家、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等所有的名稱，如Asiathe Nile，China，THE Great Wall.普通名詞(一般可為數(shù))，表示一類的人或物的個(gè)體，如:car ，book，student等;集體名詞(一般為不可數(shù))，表示一群人或一類物的集合體，如jewelry，class，majority等;抽象名詞(一般為不可數(shù))，表示品質(zhì)、行為、狀態(tài)、感情或其他抽象 概念如 danger，anger，friendship，encouragement等；物質(zhì)名詞(一般為不可數(shù))，表示無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物，如salt，water，coffee，silk等。2.名詞詞組一般由一個(gè)中心名詞來構(gòu)成，如：the World Cup，a woman teacher，thje blind 等。也可臺是“限定詞+前置修飾詞中心詞+后置修飾語”來構(gòu)成，如：a four milestrip 或a four-mile trip，a son in-law 等?！咀兪教骄俊? Flight BA 123 to Vienna is now boarding at _A. Gate 21 B. 21st Gate C. the Gate 21 D. 21 Gate答案: A解析:Gate 21指21號門，也可說the 21st Gate.2 Hi, this way, please. OK. I sometimes have no sense of when I arrive at the cross road.A. position B. direction C. situation D. condition答案: B解析:強(qiáng)調(diào)不是天然生長的，而是“人工的、人 造的?！币族e(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)睛2 名詞的可數(shù)和不可數(shù) 1.(xx精選模擬)The young dancers looked so channing in their beautiful clothes that we took pictures of them.A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large number of【錯(cuò)誤解答】 A3. I have done much of the work. Could you please finish in two days?A. the rest B. the other C. another D. the others【錯(cuò)誤解答】 B或D【錯(cuò)解分析】根據(jù)語境要取代的是前文的不可數(shù)名詞 work當(dāng)“工作”講時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞；但當(dāng)“著作”講時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞，在此句中要用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！菊_解答】 A【特別提醒】【變式探究】易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)睛3 名作定語和在一些固定短語中的用法1.(xx精選模擬)Your fluency in Chinese gives you an advantage _ the other candidates for the job.A. for B. with C. than D. over【錯(cuò)誤解答】 C 【錯(cuò)解分析】 此題看上去是介詞或連詞的選擇，實(shí)際是對名詞advantage用法的考查。如果單純從漢語思維角度來理解，很可能認(rèn)為“比別人怎么樣”用than，實(shí)際上短語have an advantage over 是“比具有優(yōu)勢”的意思，是固定搭配。 【正確解答】 D2.(xx精選模擬)He got to the station early, missing his train.A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search of 【錯(cuò)誤解答】 Ahave more students.A. for the moment B. on the moment C. in a moment D. for a moment【錯(cuò)誤解答】 C【錯(cuò)解分析】 本題考查短語的意義和用法。For the moment目前，暫時(shí);in a moment馬上，立刻;for a moment 片刻，一會(huì)兒。根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)該填for the moment.【正確解答】 A【特別提醒】1.作直接定語的中詞一般是表示 時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、材料和類別的名詞。如:summer school ,streer lights,paper money,coffee cup,women doctors.當(dāng)名詞作直接定語時(shí)應(yīng)該注意以下幾個(gè)問題。(1)名詞作直接定語時(shí)一般 用單數(shù)，例如:a book srore ,a traffic light,a ticket office,a bus driver ,aboy friend,它們的復(fù)數(shù)形式分別是 book stores,traffic lights,ticket offices,bus drivers,boy friends.但是man ,woman作定語時(shí)，要與所修飾的名詞匯的數(shù)保持一致。例如: a man teacher ,這綿復(fù)數(shù)形式是men teachers.(2)某些常有用復(fù)數(shù)形工的名詞作直接定語旱也用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:a goods train,a cloths shop,a sales department,a sports field,a news reporter等(3)名詞固定短語常有出現(xiàn)在英語考試試題如單選、完形填空、單詞拼寫和短文改錯(cuò)中。尤其是一些動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的固定搭配。在復(fù)習(xí)中要注意積累。例如:You can take as many as you like because they are free of .A.charge B.fare C.money D.pay 此題的答案選 A.be free of charge 是固定用法，意思是“免費(fèi)”。 【變式探究】1 Some plants can take in carbon dioxide we breathe out and give out _ oxygen to ns.A. in case B. in turn C. in return D. in addition易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)睛4 冠詞常見的習(xí)慣搭配用法和部分物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞具體化之后的冠詞用法1 .After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _ ride to _ _ Capital Airport.A. the; a B.a; the C./; a D./; the【錯(cuò)誤解答】D【錯(cuò)解分析】 本題是考查冠詞的基本用法。名詞ride這里是表示“搭乘”的含義，是可數(shù)名詞；后者是由普通名詞，通常有定冠詞?！菊_解答】 B2.(xx精選模擬): It is _ world of wonders,world where anything can happen.A.a; the B.a; a C. the; a D./; /【錯(cuò)誤解答】 A【錯(cuò)解分析】 一般來說，第二次出現(xiàn)的名詞前用定冠詞，所以會(huì)錯(cuò)選A但這里world都是泛指，根據(jù)語境“這是一個(gè)充滿奇跡的世界，一個(gè)任何事情都可能發(fā)生的世界?！睉?yīng)該用不定冠詞?！菊_解答】 B3.(xx精選模擬)The most important thing about cotton in history is _ part that it played in Industrial Revolution.A./;/ B. the;/ C. the; the D.a; the【錯(cuò)誤解答】 A【錯(cuò)解分析】 本題考查冠詞的用法。Leave the ciry 離開了他所住的那座城市，是特指。星期前還常不用冠詞，但本題中a mondqy 表示統(tǒng)指，表示某個(gè)星期一?！菊_解答】 D【特別提醒】 1.不定冠詞一般有any或one 的意思，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目概念，只用來指事物，說明其名稱或種類。(1) 泛指人、事、物的類別。例如: A plane is a machine than can fly .(泛指飛機(jī)) (2)泛指某人或某物。例如: Mary was a teacher in our school .(泛指教師) (3)表示one,every 或per的意義。例如: My father studies Japanese four hours a day .(相當(dāng)于per) (4)在某些固定短語中。例如:A. have a swim/walk/talk/dance/look/quarrelB. have a cold, have a good time, keep a diary,in a hurry, once in a while, at a loss, for a while,once up on a time, all of a sudden, tell a lie, do sb. a favor, at a mouthful, at a distance.2.定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法(1)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前表示一家人。例如:The Greens are at table.(格林一家人)(2)用在年代、朝代、時(shí)代名詞前。例如:the Tang Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period, in the xxs(3)用在作為課程或演奏等的樂器名稱前。例如:注意: play the piano 和 have a piano(4)用在表示計(jì)量單位的名詞前。例如:by the hour(按小時(shí)) ;by the dozen (論打); by the yard (按碼)(5)用在方向名詞和某些表示時(shí)間的名詞前。例如: on the left/fight, in the east/west,in the evening, on the other hand, in the end,in the daytime 3.使用冠詞的注意事項(xiàng)。 (1)專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、稱呼語、頭銜、職務(wù)、季節(jié)、月份、 B. Chinese s French 但 the Chinese language. (4)注意有些短語沒有冠詞時(shí)在意義上的區(qū)別。sit at table 吃飯，sit at the table 坐在桌旁，be in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)，be in charge of 在掌管之下take place 發(fā)生，take the plac 代替in possession of 擁有，in the possession of 為所有in the sight of 看得見，in the sight of 據(jù)的見解in place of 代替，in place of 在的地方be of age成年，be of an age take advice 同齡take the advice 征求意見；take the advice 聽從勸告out of question 不成問題，out of the question 根本不可能make beds 制作床，make the bed 整理床鋪in the eyes of sb.在某人韻心目中，在某人看來【變式探究】1 He has _ great interest in history, especially in_ _ history of Tang Dynasty.A.a; the B.a; / C./; the D./; a答案: A解析:前者a most beautiful相當(dāng)于very；后者a second表示“又一次”。 4 After the 1980s, the west be came Godlike to many Chinese be cause of Westermerswealth, and freedom to do.A. ; B. the; the C. the; D. ; the答案: D【解析】 表示類別時(shí)用名詞直接作定語還是用名詞所有格作定語，要遵循英語習(xí)慣，這要靠平時(shí)的積累。例如:a peasant family(peasant習(xí)慣用名詞直接作定語)農(nóng)民家庭；a workers family(worker 習(xí)慣用名詞所有格作定語)工人家庭。有些是可以并存的，但含義不同，例如:the woman teacher這位女教師 the womans teacher這位婦女的老師。the boyfnend男朋友；the boys friend這個(gè)男孩的朋友?！敬鸢浮?B難點(diǎn)2 名詞作定語和其同根的形容詞作定語的區(qū)別2. When we are in France, China is an _ country.A. east B. easter C. eastward D. eastern【解析】 east東方，東部；eastern country指東方國家。名詞作定語強(qiáng)調(diào)被修飾成分的內(nèi)容或功能，但其同根的形容詞作定語主要用來說明所修飾的名詞的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或特征。例如:a Wood shed木料棚(用來放木料的棚子)。Gold ring 金戒指(表示戒的內(nèi)容)；golden sun 金色的太陽(表示太陽的特征)。【答案】 D難點(diǎn)3 冠詞在固定短語中的有無問題3. I didnt expect that Tom would _ my failure to a chieve his own goal.A. make use of B. make the most of C. take advantage of D. take the advantage of【解析】 英語中有些短語中沒有冠詞，如選項(xiàng)A(利用)；有些須有定冠詞，如選項(xiàng)B(最大程度的利用)，而短語takeadvantage。f(為了自己的利益而對某人或某事加以利用)是沒有冠詞的，需要在學(xué)習(xí)中注意積累。【答案】 C【變式探究】1 This set of golf clubs was sent by _ .A. a friend of my father B. my fathers friend C. my father friends D. a friend of my fathers答案: D【典型習(xí)題導(dǎo)練】I.單項(xiàng)選擇1 Mans first walk on the moon was a staring technological .A. success B. achievement C. succession D. acplishment答案: B解析:success(指通過努力取得令人滿意的)成就； achievement(不顧困難，連續(xù)努力所取得的)成就。2 Everyones application for the job must be sent in one week .A. beforehand B. ahead of time C. in advance D. as early as possible答案: C解析:in advance預(yù)先，含超前的意思；ahead of time 提前；beforehand預(yù)先，強(qiáng)調(diào)事前；選項(xiàng)D表示“盡早”的意思。3 When he was a student, his father gave him a monthly _ _ towards his expense.A. salary B. allowance C. wage D. money答案: B解析:allowance津貼。4 You have the _ _ of working hard and being successful or not working hard and being unsuccessful. A. selection B. choice C. alternative D. option8 Who is the authority _ to the subject?A. in B. of C. over D. on答案: D解析:固定搭配。9 Im in my _ that he is a good manager.A. behavior B. believe C. beloved D. belief答案: D解析:in ones belief相信某物某人。10 I had no choice but to receive part of my previous lecture those who had been absent from some classes.A. for the benefit of B. on purpose C. in return for D. on the pretext of答案: A解析:意思是“為了”。選項(xiàng)B，故意地；選項(xiàng) C，作為的報(bào)答；選項(xiàng)D，以為借口。11 Now we can pick up _ _ weather information from _ new type of_ _ weather satellite.A. the; a; / B. /; the; the C./; a; / D./; a; a答案: C15 The radiation of uranium was then regarded as secret of nature.A.a; the B.a; a C. the; the D. a; /答案: D解析:前者表示某種，泛指；nature大自然，不可數(shù)名詞。16 Some of the passengers told the reporters about their_ _ in the burning train.A. details B. trips C. events D. experiences答案: D解析:這里experience是指“經(jīng)歷”，可數(shù)名詞。17 It is _ _ great pleasure to go to _ _ cinema after a weeks hard work.A. a; the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; the答案: A解析:前者抽象名詞具體化，后者go to the cinema 是習(xí)慣說法。18 Thank you for sending us _ fresh vegetables of many kinds. You have done us _ great service.A./; a B. the; a C./; / D. the;/答案: A8.A 解析:復(fù)數(shù)名詞vegetables泛指，不用冠詞；do sb.a service是固定搭配，意為“對有幫助/好處”。19 We stood at the top of the mountain _ east of the city, watching _ burning sun rising.A. /; a B. the; a C. the; the D. /; the答案: A23 As a result of the heavy snow, the highway has been closed up until further . A. news B. information C. notice D. message 答案: C24 $ 500 ,but that is my last offer.OK, it is a_ .A. cost B. price C. reward D. deal答案: D解析:Its a deal:I agree to your terms.25 These boxes are too heavy for me to move. Here, Ill give you a hand them.A. for B. to C. with D. by答案: C解析:短語give a hand to sb. give sb.a hand表示“給某人幫助”的意思。26 Those football players had no strict _ _ until they joined our club.A. practice B. education C. training D. exercise答案: C29 The building of that school was pleted in August of 典型例題t in September, A. /; the B. the; the C./; / D. the; /答案: D30 He walked up to cupboard near the wall and reached out for second tube.A. the; / B. the; a C.a; a D./; a 答案: B解析:后者是“又一支試管”的意思。31 Excuse me, are you going to buy_ book? Well, I need it for _ class but it is too expensive.A. the; a B.a; the C.a: / D./; the 答案: A解析:前者是特指雙方都知道的書。32 _ way to understands of new words is to gain _ good knowledge of basic word formation.A. The; the B. One; a C. A; the D. The; / 答案: B解析:后者抽象名詞knowledge具體化。33 What did you think of _ president? I didnt care for him at first, but after _time I got to like him.A. the; a B. /; the C. the; the D. /; a 答案: A解析:前者是說話雙方都知道的人，特指；后者after a time:after a while.34 In recent year, change of weather of the globe has produced great effect on all the living things on the earth.A./; a B.a; / C. the; a D.a; a 35 答案: A37 All these changes will lead to stronger a more powerful China, country that can sprise and enrich our planet.A.a; a B.a; the C. the; a D. the; the答案: A38 Whenever I go out, father warns me to turn police in time of trouble.A./; the B.a; / C. the; / D. the; the答案: C解析:police前常用定冠詞，in time of trouble是固定用法。39 She is the only one among the _ writers vstories for children.A. woman; writes B. women; write C. women; writes D. woman; write 答案: A解析:woman作定語時(shí)形式隨所修飾名詞的數(shù)變化而變化；后者主語是the only one，所以用單數(shù)。40 About 25 percent of European can Speak _ foreign language besides their native languages.A. the; a B. an; the C. the; the D./; / 答案: AA. benefits B. goods C. pleasures D. possessions答案: A解析:benefit“優(yōu)良條件”，作可數(shù)名詞講。44 She is _ success, _ woman as sheA.a; a B./; a C. a; / D. the; the答案: C解析:success用在可數(shù)名詞，成功者，達(dá)到目的的人或事物；后者是as讓步狀語從句的倒裝，冠詞省略。45 The small grocer was at the of the people owed money to.A. expense B. cost C. mercy D. sigh 答案: C解析:at the mercy of任憑擺布，受支配；at the expense of有負(fù)擔(dān)，以為犧牲；at the cost of以為代價(jià)；at the sight of一看到就。46 Im sorry I cant see you immediately, but if yot like to take a seat, I 11 be with you momerit.A. for a B. in a C. for the D. at the答案: B解析:in a moment立即，馬上；for a moment一會(huì)兒；for the moment暫時(shí)；at the moment此時(shí)，此刻。47 Jane wrote to a pen friend in Japan _ _ for several years.A. off and on B. to and from C. up and down D. sooner or later答案: A解析:off and onon and off斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地，不時(shí)地； to and from來回地。48 If you ask me, she has too high of herself.A. opinion B. idea C. an opinion D. a regard 答案: C.完形填空閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從5170各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 She died at the age of 15 in one of historys greatesttragedies. 51 her spirit lives on to this day through the diary in which she recorded her 52 . 53 touched bydespair and terror, the message of 54 in her words has inspired many. Anne Frank, the most famous 55 child of World War I , is indeed a symbol of the Holocaust (大屠殺). Her secret writings, later published 56 "The Diary of Anne Frank”, 57 of two years in the life of a young Jewish girl hiding in Nazi - controlled Amsterdam. To mark the 75th anniversary of her 58 , on June 12 this year, annefiank, org is to 59 some rare photographs and a short film of the girl taken when she was 12. Born in 1929, Anne Frank was a German - Jewish teenager who that everything will change for the 69 , that this cruelty shall end and that peace will 77 once more.” July 15, 194451. A. Though B. But C. Instead D. While答案: B解析:安妮雖死，但精神活到了今天，表轉(zhuǎn)折。52. A. birth B. death C. experiences D. happiness答案: C解析:日記記錄的應(yīng)是過去的經(jīng)歷。53. A. But B. Though C. While D. However答案: B54. A. success B. victory C. hope D. pleasure答案: C解析:日記中含有希望的信息依然鼓舞了許多人。55. A. hidden B. lost C. beaten D. caught答案: A解析:全文多次提到安妮被捕之前被藏了起來。56. A. for B. by C. as D. for答案: C解析:根據(jù)語境邏輯需要，意為表示“作為”。57. A. speak B. tell C. say D. talk答案: B解析:語境邏輯暗示該空表講述，應(yīng)填tell。58. A. death B. birth C. leaving D. disappearing答案: B59. A. announce B. report C. declare D. publish答案: D解析:表示出版、發(fā)行，填publish。60. A. lucky B. asked C. forced D. invited答案: C6l. A. miss B. fight C. avoid D. protect答案: C解析:安妮的日記己成了世界上最為廣泛閱讀的書籍之一。66. A. famous B. difficult C. important D. necessary答案: B解析:下面摘錄的是安妮日記中最有名的一部分。67. A. unable B. impossible C. sorry D. sad答案: B解析:把生命建立在混亂、病苦和死亡的基礎(chǔ)上是不可能的。68. A. happiness B. suffering C. enjoying D. pleasure答案: B解析:上文的chaos，suffering等貶義詞暗示該空所填詞也應(yīng)含貶義色彩。69. A. worse B. harder C. better D. happier答案: C70. A. remain B. disappear C. go back D. return答案:D解析:我感到一切都會(huì)向好處發(fā)展，殘酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)即將結(jié)束，和平一定會(huì)重來。由this One day, I was traveling by train. Before I got on it, I71. 答案: Before改為Afterput tea into my glass and waited the attendant to pour water.72. 答案: wait后加forThen from the loudspeaker es the announcers voice,"Dear73. 答案: es改為camepassenger, may I have your attention, please? We are sorry to 74. 答案: passenger改為passengerstell you hot water is hardly not supplied in our train." I was75. 答案: 去掉hardlysurprised at this. After a while, the attendant came with the76. 答案: the改為acart, shouted, "Soda water, eight yuan a bottle !" I was so77. 答案: shouted改為shoutingthirsty that I had to buy, but I felt very unfortable. At any78. 答案: buy后加one或itrate, the train should supply hot water, or the attendant79. 答案: or改為and shouldnt make money from the passengers.80. 答案: 正確