2019-2020年八年級英語教案 牛津英語.doc

2019-2020年八年級英語教案 牛津英語Chaper 1 A letter from a pen-friend 一封筆友的來信 一 單詞匯總 chapter n. 章節(jié) below pep在下面 rugby n英式橄欖球運動 hockey n曲棍球 badminton n羽毛球運動 title n標題 signature n署名，簽名 top-right adj右上角的 greeting n問候 foot n英尺 hobby n興趣，業(yè)余愛好 chess n國際象棋 own v. 擁有 be keen on 喜愛 physics n物理學 ambition n雄心，野心 enclose v附上 dictionary n字典，詞典 steak n牛排 punch n. 伴汁酒 all in 精疲力竭的 trainer n. （無釘?shù)模┸涍\動鞋 idle adj. 懶惰的 inaudible adj. 聽不見的 shut v. 關(guān)上，關(guān)閉 full name 全名 inch n. 英寸 geography n. 地理 probably adv. 可能，大概，也許 meal n. 餐，飯食 university n.大學 leave school （畢業(yè)）離校 birth n. 出生 European n. 歐洲人 actress n. 女演員 recently adv. 近來 clearly adv. 清楚地 couple n. 夫婦 adopt v. 收養(yǎng) omen n預兆 destined adj注定 embassy n大使館 二 重點難點解析 1. Now my parents own a Chinese restaurant現(xiàn)在我的父母擁有一家中國餐館。 1）own作動詞時，意為“擁有，所有”。例：She owns a car but rarely drives it她有一輛車，但很少開。 2）own作形容詞或代詞時，意為“自己的”，其前必須要有名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞。例： This is Jacks own room這是杰克自己的房間。 I saw it with my own eyes這是我親眼所見。 3）owner名詞“主人，物主”。例：The owner of the restaurant is an oversea Chinese.飯店的主人是位海外華人。 2. 1 have a brother called Edwin我有一個名叫埃德溫的哥哥。 called Edwin為v-ed分詞短語，作定語時通常后置。例： Ive bought a video camera made in Japan我買了一部日本產(chǎn)的攝像機。 called意為“稱呼，名叫”，與它意思相同的還有：named, with the name of. 3. He works as an architect他擔任建筑師的工作。 as在句中作介詞，意為“以身份，作為”。例：He was famous as a singer作為一位歌手他很著名。 architect n建筑師 architecture n建筑學 4. 1 enclose隨信附上 隨信寄照片、資料等，都可以用這一表達方法。例： My brother enclosed a photo of my niece in his letter.我哥哥隨信附上一張我侄女的照片。 5. How many brothers and sisters has he got? 他有多少兄弟姐妹？ 動詞have/have got意義相同，但have got用法在疑問句和答語中略有不同。 Have you got three lessons every day? Yes, I have. /No, I havent你每天上三節(jié)課嗎？是的，上三節(jié)課。不，沒有。（在have got結(jié)構(gòu)中，have為助動詞，可構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句。）Do you have three lessons every day? Yes, I do. /No, I dont你每天上三節(jié)課嗎？是的，上三節(jié)課。不，沒有。(have用作行為動詞時，需加助動詞do構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句。） 三 重點語段翻譯 A letter from a pen-friend Dear May Hi！I saw your name and address inPen-friendsmagazine，and I would like to be your pen- friend First, I will tell you some things about myself. My name is Sidney Li Pei-chunIm fourteen years old Im about five feet tall I have short black hair and brown eyes My favourite hobby is playing puter games I also enjoy playing chess . I live with my parentsThey came to England about 30 years agoThey came from Hong Kong, but I have never been there Now my parents own a Chinese restaurant in Newcastle We live in a small house near our restaurant I was born in Newcastle in 1986 I can speak Chinese，but I cannot write it very well I have a brother called Edwin He is 23 He works as an architect, in London Im in Form One at Walker SchoolIt is near my house，and so I can walk to schoolI like my school because the teachers are very friendlyMy school has many sports fields I am keen on sports I enjoy playing rugby and badminton in the winter , and tennis in the summer. My best subject at school is physics My ambition is to be an engineer. I enclose a photo of myself and some school friendsI am in the middleI hope you will write to me soon，May，and tell me all about yourself. Best wishes Sidney 一封筆友的來信 親愛的梅 嗨！我是在筆友這本雜志上看見你的名字和地址的，我想成為你的筆友。首先，我將告訴你關(guān)于我自己的一些事情。我叫悉尼，李佩春。我十四歲。大約五英尺高。我有黑色的短發(fā)，棕色的眼睛。我最大的愛好就是玩電腦游戲。我還喜歡下國際象棋。 我和父母生活在一起。他們大約在三十年前來到英國。他們來自香港，但我從未去過那兒?，F(xiàn)在我父母在紐卡斯爾有一家中國餐館。我們住在餐館附近的一所小房子里。我于1986年生于紐卡斯爾。我會講漢語，但不太會寫。我有一個名叫埃德溫的哥哥。他23歲了。在倫敦擔任建筑師的工作。 我在Walker學校讀一年級。它就在我家附近，所以我可以步行去上學。我喜歡我的學校因為老師們都很友好。我的學校有很多運動場地。我很喜歡運動。冬天我喜歡玩橄欖球和羽毛球，夏天我喜歡打網(wǎng)球。在學校我最喜歡的科目是物理。我的理想是作一名工程師。 隨信附上一張我和學校一些朋友的照片。我在中間，我希望你能盡快給我回信，梅，告訴我有關(guān)你的全部。 致以良好的祝愿 悉尼 四 語法講解 1特殊疑問句 (1)常見的特殊疑問詞有： What（事情），Where（地點），When（時間），Which（選擇人或事），Who（人）， How（方式），How old（年齡），How far（距離），How many（數(shù)量），How much（數(shù)量價格），How big（大?。?，How long（時間或距離長短），etc . (2)特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu) 1)疑問詞一般疑問句How do people get drinking water? 2）對主語或主語部分提問時，結(jié)構(gòu)是：疑問詞謂語部分Who helps to keep the environment clean? 2不定冠詞a/an “a”用在以輔音音素開始的單詞前，如：a beautiful girl, a useful book等；而“an”則用于以元音音素開始的單詞前，如：an hour, an umbrella, Chapter 2 A day in the life ofwhiz一kid Wendy神童溫迪的一天 一 單詞匯總 subtitle n副標題 similar adj相似的，類似的 expect v.期待 successful adj成功的 whiz-kid 神童 business n生意，公司 luckily adv幸運地 manager n經(jīng)理 responsible adj有責任的 be responsible for 對負責 sale v.賣，銷售 accountant n會計 boring adj乏味的 simple adj簡單的，容易的 achieve v.得到，實現(xiàn) grade n分數(shù) fail v. 失敗，不及格 exam n考試 collect v. 接走 client a顧客，主顧 return v回，返回 attend v參加，出席 assist v.幫助，支援 continue v. 繼續(xù)，延續(xù) seldom adv很少，不常，難得 duty n責任 gain v. 得到，獲得 usual adj通常的，平常的 guard n警衛(wèi)，保安 messenger n送信者，報信者 construction n建筑，施工 daydream v. 作白日夢，空想 lose ones tempe 發(fā)脾氣 wish v. 想要某事物，希望 tell the truth 說實話 champion n冠軍，優(yōu)勝者 jogging n慢跑 mathematics n數(shù)學 P. E. n體育（課） 二 重點難點解析 1. Wendy Wang must be one of the top students in Shanghai溫迪王一定是上海的高材生之一。 *Must是情態(tài)動詞，在這里表示猜測的意思，意為“一定是”，通常只用于肯定句，在否定句或疑問句中用can表示猜測。例：It must be true那一定是真的。Can it be true?那可能是真的嗎？ It cant be true那不可能是真的。 *one of the top students = one of the best students高材生之一 "one of名詞復數(shù)”表示“之一” 2. Now all of her family work in her business現(xiàn)在所有她的家人都在她的公司工作。 family表示“家庭”或“家人”，是集合名詞，若視為整體，動詞用單數(shù)，若逐個考慮其個體，則動詞用復數(shù)。例： My family is very large我家是個大家庭。My family are all very well我的家人都很好。 business n生意businessman n商人（男）businesswoman n商人（女） busy adj忙的busily adv忙地 3辨析：put on穿上，wear穿著，dress穿著，打扮 put on強調(diào)穿衣的動作，賓語須是物；wear表示穿著衣服的狀態(tài)；dress既可指動作也可指狀態(tài)，但賓語須是人。例：Youd better put on your coat if you want to go out如果想出去最好把衣服穿上。 He is wearing a new suit today他今天穿了一套新的西裝。 She dresses her child every day她每天都要給孩子穿衣服。 4. over half a million超過50萬 over作介詞，意為“超過，多于”，相當于more than。例： He was away over (more than) a month他離開一個多月了。 5. I always go to school in my own car. 我總是坐我自己的車去上學。 in ones car = by car坐小汽車 6. 辨析：enough to，tooto，sothat enough to 和 tooto 構(gòu)成簡單句，sothat 構(gòu)成復合句；enough to 和 sothat 表示肯定，tooto 和 sothat 表示否定。例：I am not old enough to drive.= I am too young to drive.= I am so young that I cant drive. 我太小了，不能開車。 7. 辨析：attend， take part in， join 三者都有“參加”之意。attend 指參加、出席會議；take part in 多指參加活動；join 指加入組織、團體、黨派。例：My father attends a meeting every Thursday afternoon.我爸爸每周四下午要去開會。 Youd better take part in all the activities at school. 你最好參加學校的各項活動。 Do you want to join the League? 你想入團嗎？ 8. On Friday we have puter Club meetings. 每周五我們都參加電腦社會議。 have用作行為動詞，常與一名詞連用表示與該名詞相當?shù)膭釉~意義，如：have a meeting/a swim/a walk/ a lesson開會/游泳/散步/上課。 否定句和疑問句中要用助動詞do/does/did。例：-Do you often have a walk after supper? Yes, I do./ No, I dont. 9. I go to my office and continue working on my games. 然后我到辦公室繼續(xù)設計電腦游戲。 continue doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事。例：How can you continue writing in such dim light？這么暗的光線你怎么能繼續(xù)寫呢？ work on 從事（某工作），例： A day in the life of. whiz-kid Wendy Wendy Wang，15，must be one of the top students in Shanghai Shes already written several successful puter gamesNow all of her family work in her business And shes still at school！ 6 a. m. I get up at six, wash and put on my school uniformI have breakfast with my parentsWe have a family business I started the business two”二ago I write puter games Luckily，they are very popular. We sell over half a million games every year場father is the manager of the pany，and my mother is responsible for sales My brother is our accountant Every morning we discuss the business at breakfast Then I usually work on my puter for an hour before school.、 7 30 a. m. I always go to school in my own car. I am not old enough to drive，and so I have a driver. I sometimes make phone calls to clients on the way to school 8 a. m. I start schoolI enjoy seeing my school friends，but some of the work is boring because it is too simple for me I usually achieve A grades in all my subjects，I never fail an exam. 1230 pm. About twice a week my driver collects me from schoolI go and have lunch with a clientThen I return to school 4 15 p. m. After school I usually attend a clubOn Friday have puter Club meetingsThe other students often ask me to assist them On Mondays and Thursdays I play basketballOnce a week I have violin lessonsMy driver always takes me home after school I finish my homework in an hour or two before dinner. 7pm. I always have dinner with my parentsWe discuss our businessThen I go to my office and continue working on my games I seldom go to bed before 2 a. m I do not usually need much sleep. 神童溫迪的一天 溫迪王，巧歲，一定是上海的高材生之一。她已經(jīng)編寫了幾個成功的電腦游戲?，F(xiàn)在所有她的家人都在她的公司工作。然而她還在上學！ 上午6點 我六點起床、洗臉、穿上校服，我和我的父母一起吃早餐。我們擁有一個家族公司。我于兩年前開辦了公司。我編寫電腦游戲。幸運地是，它們很受歡迎。我們每年能銷售50多萬個游戲。我的爸爸是公司的經(jīng)理，媽媽負責梢售。我哥哥是會計。每天早上我們都邊吃早餐邊討論生意。然后我通常在上學前的一個小時用電腦 工作。 上午7點so分 我總是坐自己的車去上學。我太小了，不能開車，因此我有一個司機。有時候我在上學的路上給客戶打電話。 上午8點 我開始上課。我喜歡看見學校的朋友，但有些課程很無聊，因為對我來說太簡單了。通常我所有的科目都會得A。我從來沒有考試不及格過。 下午12 ,: 30分 大約每周兩次我的司機會去學校接我。我去和一位客戶吃午飯。然后回學校。 下午4點15分 放學后我通常會參加社團。每周五我們都要參加電腦社會議。其他學生經(jīng)常讓我?guī)椭麄?。每周一和周四我打籃球。我每周上一次小提琴課。我的司機總是在放學后接我回家。我在晚飯前用一到兩小時完成作業(yè)。 下午7點 我總是和父母一起吃晚餐。我們討論生意。然后我到辦公室繼續(xù)設計電腦游戲。我很少在凌晨2點以前睡覺。我通常不需要大量的睡眠。 三 語法講解 1一般現(xiàn)在時 一般現(xiàn)在時表示目前的狀態(tài)及經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習慣性的動作，常與usually, often, sometimes, every day等狀語連用。也可用于表達一種客觀事實、習慣和作息時間表。 1)謂語用動詞原形；當主語為第三人稱時，動詞后s/es. I get up at six every morning The sun rises in the east and sets in the west 2)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則如下： （1）一般動詞后s; （2）以s/x/ch/sh結(jié)尾的動詞es. mixes/discusses/washes/teaches （3）go/do十es，goes/does （4）一些以y結(jié)尾的動詞如y前是輔音字母，則將Y改成i + es. studies/hurries/worries （5）如y前是元音字母就加s. plays/stays 3)其否定句或疑問句是用助動詞do或does構(gòu)成。 Do you have lunch at school? Yes，I do. /No, I dont Does he go to work on foot? Yes，he does/No, he doesnt I dont go to school on Sundays She doesnt do her homework at home 2.頻度副詞（always, usually, sometimes, seldom, often.）在句子中的位置 1)位于主要行為動詞的前面。例： He often does his homework in the evening. (does是行為動詞） 2)位于be 動詞的后面。例：She is always late for school.（is是be動詞） 3)位于助動詞和主要行為動詞之間。例：I dont usually go to school by bus. (dont是助動，go是行為動詞) 3.how often來詢問動作所發(fā)生的頻率。 4.時間狀語（once一次 twice兩次 three times三次 four times四次 on Monday/every day， etc.）常位于句首或句末。 Chapter 3 Dealing with troubles 處理麻煩事 一 單詞匯總 dial v. 撥（電話號碼） diary n日記 argue v. 爭論，爭吵 deal with 對付，處理 argument n爭論，爭吵 shout at 向大聲嚷嚷 hold out 伸出，端出 crowd n人群 stare v盯，凝視 go on 發(fā)生，進行 steal v偷，竊取 postcard n明信片 notice v. 察覺到，注意到 handbag n手提包 follow v. 跟隨 ring v.（鐘、鈴等）鳴，響 aboard adv在機上，在船上 wait v. 等候 hurry to 匆忙趕到 strange adj奇怪的 report v報告，匯報 robbery n搶劫（案），盜竊（案） railing n欄桿 detail n細節(jié) as conj當時 handcuffs n手拷 noisily adv .嘈雜地，喧鬧地 amusing adj引人發(fā)笑的 unusual adj.不平常的，奇異的 law n法律 realize v.認識到，了解 permission n允許，許可 rob v.搶劫，盜取的財物 in time 及時 pleased adj高興的 definitely adv確定地，清楚地 attack v.進攻，攻擊 baseball n棒球 gun n槍 arrest v.逮捕 smash v.粉碎，擊潰 daring adj大膽的，勇敢的 take place 發(fā)生 gang n一伙 towards prep向，朝 reach v.到達 writer n作家 scientist n科學家 二 重點難點解析 1. No one knew what was happening沒有人知道發(fā)生了什么事。 這是一句由連接代詞what引導的賓語從句，連接詞要位于從句的前面，起連接主句和從句的作用，從句用陳述句語序。例：I wonder whose house that is我想知道那是誰的房子。 2. Whats going on？發(fā)生什么事了？ 與它意思相同的表達還有：Whats up? /Whats happening? 3. Was my father afraid of that man? 我爸爸害怕那個人嗎？ 1）be afraid of sb/sth害怕。例：She is afraid of dogs她怕狗。 2） be afraid that恐怕。例：Im afraid that Ive broken your pen恐怕我弄壞了你的鋼筆。 4. He quickly dialled 110他迅速撥打110。 dial具體電話號碼= phone sb 給打電話。 5. Three young men started talking to us三個年輕人開始跟我們交談。 *start doing sth開始做。例：Its autumn and leaves start falling秋天到了，樹葉開始落下。 辮析：tell，speak，talk，say tell告訴，常見的短語有：tell a lie說謊，tell sb to do sth告訴做；tell sb about sth告訴關(guān)于的情況，tell a story講故事。speak說，后面接語言，如：speak German說德語。talk to/with sb (about sth）與某人談論（有關(guān)事）。say說，后面接內(nèi)容。例： She said he could speak very good English她說他英語說得很好。 Tell him not to talk about the thing any longer。告訴他不要再談論這件事了。 6. Please meet the ferry請去迎接渡船。 meet sb 意為“迎接某人”。例： Will you meet her at the station？你到車站去接她嗎？ 7. As we got off, we saw them我們下船時看見他們了。 這是由as引導的時間狀語從句。表示“當時”，主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生。例：I thought of it just as you opened your mouth就在你要說的時候，我也想到了。 8.Six policemen stood around the man，who was in handcuffs6名警察站在一名戴手銬的男子周圍。 這是一句由who引導的非限制性定語從句。定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句是整個句子中不可缺少的一部分，去掉后會影響整個句子的意思，所以不用逗號和主句隔開；非限制性定語從句是整個句子中相對較為獨立的一部分，缺少了也不會影響整個句子的意思，因此總是用逗號和主句隔開。例： This is the best film that I have ever seen這是我看過的最好的一部電影。 Last week I saw a very good film，which was about the-UFO上周我看了一部非常好的電影，是關(guān)于飛碟的。 * be in handcuffs帶手銬。例：The man who is in handcuffs is my next-door neighbour. 帶手銬的男子是我的隔壁鄰居。 三重點語段翻譯 Dealing with trouble Thursday，28 June Today my father and I were waiting for the ferry People usually wait quietly，but this afternoon we heard a big argument Two women tourists were shouting at a big man He was shouting back at them He held out a bag, and showed everyone that it was empty The crowd stared at the three people No one knew what was happening My father moved through the crowd and said quietly to one of the women，"Whats going on?" "They stole my friends purse five minutes ago, "said the woman"We were down in the bookshop，buying postcards Three young men started talking to us At first they were very friendly. Then suddenly my friend noticed that her purse was not in her handbag. Two of the men ran away We followed this man here" Then the bell rang, the gates opened, and everyone started going down onto the ferryThe man hurried aboard，and the two tourists went after him "Wait, "said my father. "I dont want to go on that ferry" This was strange Was my father afraid of that man? I wanted to go and watch the action But he hurried to an ice-cream shop，“Can I use your phone?" he asked the shop assistant He quickly dialled 110 "I want to report a robberyThe man is on the ferry now. It just left a few minutes ago"He looked down through the railings"Its theNo.3Ferry，"he said，"Please meet the ferry"He gave some more details，and then put the phone down We took the next ferryAs we got off, we saw themSix policemen stood around the man，who was in handcuffs The two women were talking to the police " Well done，Dad，I said as we walked by“Good thinking!” 處理麻煩事 6月28日，星期四 今天我和爸爸正在等渡船。人們通常都是安靜地等，但是今天下午我們聽到很大的爭吵聲。兩個女游客正對一個男人大聲嚷嚷。他也對她們喊。他翻出包，讓大家看那是空的。 人們都盯著這三個人。沒有人知道發(fā)生了什么事。 我爸爸從人群中走出來，輕輕地對其中一個女人說：“發(fā)生什么事了？” “五分鐘前他們偷了我朋友的錢包，”那個女人說。“我們正在逛書店，買明信片。三個年輕人開始跟我們交談。起初他們都非常友好。突然我的朋友注意到她的錢包不在手提包里了。其中的兩個人逃跑了。我們跟著這個人一直到這兒?！?就在這時鈴響了，門開了，人們開始上船。那位男子匆匆上船，兩位游客緊隨其后。 “等一下，”我爸爸說?！拔也幌肷夏撬掖！?這真是奇怪。我爸爸怕那個男人嗎？我想去看個究竟。 但是他匆忙趕到一家冰淇淋店?！拔夷苡靡幌码娫拞?？”他問店員。他迅速撥打110. “我想報告一宗搶劫案。那個人正在船上。剛離開幾分鐘?！彼┻^欄桿往下看?！笆侨柖纱?，”他說?！罢埲ソ哟??！彼终f了一些細節(jié)，然后掛了電話。 我們坐了下一艘船。我們下船時看見他們了。6名警察站在一名戴手銬的男子周圍，那兩個女人正在和警察交談。 “爸爸，干得好，”我們一邊走我一邊說?！昂弥饕?！” 四 語法講解 一般過去時 一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或情況（包括習慣性動作），常用yesterday, last, ago, once, one day, the other day, before xx等表示過去的時間狀語連用。 1用動詞的過去式表示。如：do-did is-was 2動詞過去式的構(gòu)成及ed的發(fā)音規(guī)律。 動詞過去式的構(gòu)成：由動詞原形ed/d的這類叫規(guī)則動詞；另一類則為不規(guī)則動詞，需記住它們的變化形式。濁輔音或元音因素ed發(fā)d/；清輔音ed發(fā)t/ ；以一ted/一ded結(jié)尾的，ed發(fā)/id/。 3其否定句或疑問句需用助動詞did/didnt。如：One day I met a friend of mine in the street I didnt work more than ten hours a day He didnt e to school today Did you pass the exam? 五 寫作技巧-日記 日記常用來記述自己一天生活中所發(fā)生的事情，故多用過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時，有時若表達自己對未來的打算也用將來時。英文日記和中文的寫法大體相同，都是在寫正文之前依次寫明日期及天氣情況。 1日期的寫法 September 10，xx，Sunday或Sunday September 10，xx 2天氣的寫法 Fine/Clear/Sunny（晴），Rainy（有雨），Cloudy（多云），Windy（有風），Snowy（有雪）等。 3日記的格式 日期 天氣 正文 Chapter 4 Numbers：Everyones language 數(shù)字：每個人的語言 一 單詞匯總 decimal n小數(shù) protractor n量角器 measure v. 量，測量 angle n角度 odd adj奇（數(shù)）的，單數(shù)的 passses n圈規(guī) fraction n分數(shù) subtract v. 減，減去 multiply v. 乘，使相乘 divide v. 某數(shù)除某數(shù)，（某數(shù)）除以（某數(shù)） percentage n百分比，百分率 even adj. 偶數(shù)的 especially adv特別，尤其 at least 至少 time n時代，時期 consist of 由組成或構(gòu)成 invent v. 發(fā)明 invention n發(fā)明 develop v. 發(fā)展 calculate v. 計算，估算 calculator n計算器 calculation n. 計算，推算 abacus n算盤 accurate adj準確的 bead n有孔之珠 represent v. 表示，代表 electronic adj電子的 square root 平方根 powerful adi. 強大的，作用大的 lifetime n一生 brain n大腦 living adj活的，有生命的 human n人類 following adj下列的，接著的 amazing adj令人驚奇的 program v. 為（計算機）設計程序 be made up of 由組成 figure n數(shù)字 cardinal n基數(shù)詞 ordinal n序數(shù)詞 decimal n小數(shù) copy v. 抄寫 wrongly adv錯誤地 gift n禮物 announcement n宣告，通告 decision n決定 fellow n伙伴 graph n. 圖表 not at all 別客氣 二 重點難點解析 1 In ancient times，people wrote numbers in many different ways，as these pictures of the number 6 show在古代，人們用各種各樣的方法記錄數(shù)字，就像這些圖片所表示的數(shù)字6一樣。 *in ancient times意為“在古代”。例：Pepole used wood to cook in ancient times古代人們用木柴做飯。 辮析：as，like兩者都有“像”的意思，但as是連詞后跟從句；like是介詞后跟名詞或代詞，例： Do as I do，照我的樣子做。Do it like this照這樣做。 2This was a very important invention because it made it easier to write big numbers and calculate 這是一項十分重要的發(fā)明，因為它使書寫大數(shù)目和計算更容易。 because后為原因狀語從句。 make it easier to do使做更容易。例：Today telephones make it easier to talk with each other. 當今電話使人們交談起來更容易。 3 Abacuses are so fast and accurate that people still use them today 算盤計算很快并且很準確，因此人們至今仍在使用。 sothat引導的是結(jié)果狀語從句，表示結(jié)果，意為“如此以致”。結(jié)果狀語從句須里于主句之后。例： The sound was so weak that nobody could hear it聲音如此小，沒人能聽見。 4 Use your own living puter to solve the problem above用你自己的活電腦來解決上面的問題。 *a living puter一臺活電腦。例：The brain is called a living puter大腦被稱作活電腦。 辮析：question，problem兩者均可表示“問題”o question多指對不懂的事情提出的問題，往往期待他人給予解答，常與answer連用；problem指客觀存在的并有待解決的難題，常與solve連用。例： She couldnt answer the question她未能回答這個問題。 We have some problems to solve我們有些問題需要解決。 5 If it is not powerftil enough，you will find the answer on page 59.如果它不夠強大，你可以在59頁找到答案。 if后為條件狀語從句，表示“如果”，主句用一般將來時，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例： Will you e if he es here? 如果他來，你會來嗎？ 6. "0”的不同表達 zero/naught（nought) /nothing/nil 三 重點語段翻譯 Numbers：Everyones language How many languages do you know? Everyone knows at least two-his or her own language and the international language of numbers Ancient numbers In ancient times，people wrote numbers in many different ways，as these pictures of the number 6 showHowever, they nearly all counted in the same way-一一in tens Zero The system of numbers that nearly everyone uses today consists of the numbers from 1 to 9 and 0（zero)With these ten numbers，we can write any number from the biggest to the smallest The Indians first invented and developed the 1 to 9 system of numbers They then invented the zeroThis was a very important invention because it made it easier to write big numbers and to calculate Calculating machines One of the first calculating machines was an abacus Abacuses are so fast and accurate that people still use them today On the abacus in the picture，the beads on the wires represent ones，tens，hundreds and thousands，starting from the bottom wire The picture on the right shows a modern electronic calculator. It can add，subtract，multiply and divide It can also calculate percentages and square roots This picture shows a puter. puters are very powerful calculating machines In a flash，a puter can do a calculation that you could not do in your whole lifetime Brain against puter Some people call the brain a living puter Is a human brain a more powerful calculator than a puter? The following story may give an answer： Shakuntala Devi is a lady from India with an amazing brain She can calculate like lightning In America，Shakuntala and a very powerful puter were given this problem to solve Find the number that, when it is multiplied 23 times by itself, *gives.this.answer:9167486769xx91580986609275853801624831066801443086 2240712651642793465704086709659327920576748080679002 2783016354924852380335745316935111903596577547340075 681688305620821016129132845546805780158806771 Shakunt