2019年高考英語 糾錯筆記系列 專題07 名詞性從句(含解析).doc
專題07 名詞性從句易錯點1 主語從句中連接詞的誤用 【2018天津】The gold medal will be awarded _to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomever B. whereverC. whoever D. whatever 【錯因分析】主語從句中,有些學生容易分不清連接詞在從句中所作的成分或其意義而誤選其他答案。 【正確答案】C 作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由下列詞引導:1. 從屬連詞that,whether,if等;2. 連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whom 等;3. 連接副詞how,when,where,why 等。that在句中無詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義,又起連接作用,在從句中充當句子成分。What caused the accident is a plete mystery. 是什么導致該事故完全是個謎。Whoever es to the party will receive a present. 所有參加晚會的人都將收到一份禮物?!咎貏e注意】有時候會用it作形式主語,連接詞引導的從句才是真正的主語。 1. (2016北京)Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.A. However B. WhoeverC. Whatever D. Wherever【答案】C 【解析】helps是謂語,_ you can do是主語部分,即主語從句,在主語從句中,do后缺少賓語,表示任何事情,因此用whatever引導,故選C。2. matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which【答案】A 【解析】本題考查主語從句,從句中缺少主語,表示的東西,所以A項正確。3.It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. how B. whetherC. whatD. why【答案】B 易錯點2 賓語從句中連接詞的誤用 (2017天津) She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.A. when B. where C. whether D. what 【錯因分析】學生容易對從句中所缺成分或連接詞的意義分析有誤而誤選其他答案?!驹囶}解析】句意:她問我是否已經(jīng)把書還給圖書館了,我承認我還沒有還。A. 什么時候;B. 在哪里;C. 是否;D. 什么。根據(jù)句意,故選C?!菊_答案】C 【名師點睛】本題是對賓語從句中連詞的考查。對于賓語從句的連詞的選擇,首先確定連詞的詞義,然后根據(jù)句意判斷出正確的連詞,本句的句意很明顯,確定為是否。 在句子中用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的連接詞與引導主語從句、表語從句的連接詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動詞、介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。復習賓語從句應(yīng)著重注意以下兩點:1. 在賓語從句中,引導詞whether和if基本一樣,但介詞后的賓語從句多用whether。It all depends upon whether we can get their cooperation. 這完全取決于我們是否能取得他們的合作。2. 動詞doubt若用于肯定句,其后的賓語從句常用if/whether引導;若用于否定句或疑問句,則賓語從句用that引導。I doubt if/whether our football team will win the match. 我懷疑我們這支足球隊是否會贏得比賽。I dont doubt that hell succeed. 我不懷疑他會成功。 The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make it is.A. whatB. whichC. howD. where【答案】A 易錯點3 表語從句中連接詞的誤用 【2018江蘇】By boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived. A. where B. whenC. why D. how 【錯因分析】本題學生容易誤認為所填詞引導的是其他從句,或者對從句中所缺成分分析錯誤而誤選B?!菊_答案】D【試題解析】句意:乘船是到達這里唯一的途徑,這就是我們?nèi)绾蔚竭_的。分析which引導的非限定性定語從句可知,后面為表語從句。分析句意可知,這里用連接副詞how引導表語從句,充當方式狀語,表示“如何”。故選D。 在復合句中,位于系動詞之后作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,表語從句位于系動詞后,有時用as if,as though引導。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語+系動詞+ that從句。1. that 引導表語從句,無詞義,只起連接作用,不可省。2. 系動詞可以是be, look, seem, sound, appear等。3. 主語可以是名詞fact, truth, cause, question, explanation, trouble, assumption, belief等,或者代詞this, that, these, those, it等。 The two people speak different languages and can not municate with each other well.Oh, I see. Thats _ misunderstanding occurs.A. when B. what C. which D. why 【答案】D易錯點4 同位語從句中連接詞的誤用 The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A. how B. thatC. which D. whether 【錯因分析】考生容易因?qū)χ行脑~和引導詞在從句中所作成分分析不清而誤選其他答案。 【正確答案】 B 同位語從句是名詞性從句(主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句,介賓從句)中的主要從句之一,從句作同位語表示與之同位的名詞(短語)的實際內(nèi)容,它的作用相當于名詞,對前面的名詞(短語)加以補充說明或進一步解釋。一、在復合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面,用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。I heard the news that our team had won. 我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息。二、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等(一般的抽象名詞均可)。Ive e from Mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon. 我從王先生那里來,他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。三、英語中引導同位語從句的詞通常有連詞that,whether,連接代詞what,who,連接副詞how,when,where等。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。四、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面,而被別的詞隔開,即構(gòu)成分隔式同位語從句。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the cit. 他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了?!咎貏e注意】1. 引導同位語從句的that不能省略。The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 你認為不動腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯誤的。(that從句作idea的同位語)2. 在某些名詞(如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣。There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一項建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊。3. 引導同位語從句的連詞that通常不省略,但在非正式文體中也可以省去。He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱,給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機了。4. whether 可引導同位語從句,但if不能引導同位語從句,which也不引導同位語從句。The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我們是否請專家由家庭醫(yī)生來定。 The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be postponed.A. when B. that C. whether D. how 【答案】B易錯點5 連接代詞與連接副詞的誤用 (2015四川)The exhibition tells us _ we should do something to stop air pollution.A. where B. why C. what D. which 【錯因分析】考生容易記不清連接代詞和連接副詞的用法而錯選答案?!驹囶}解析】考查賓語從句。賓語從句中不缺少主語、賓語、定語,故選項C、D錯誤。句意:這個展覽告訴了我們,我們?yōu)槭裁匆V箍諝馕廴?。此處表示的是我們?yōu)槭裁匆V箍諝馕廴荆皇俏覀冊谀膬和V箍諝馕廴?,若選連接代詞what,則從句中的something應(yīng)該去掉。故選擇B?!菊_答案】B 解答名詞性從句的一個關(guān)鍵點是判斷選用何種連接詞,這要看連接詞在從句中所作的成分:通常連接代詞在從句中作主語(what, which, who, whatever, whichever, whoever)、表語(what, which, who, whatever, whichever, whoever)、定語(what, which, whose)和賓語(which, what, whom, whichever, whatever, whomever),而連接副詞(when, where, how, why)通常作相應(yīng)的狀語。when作時間狀語,where作地點狀語,how作方式狀語,why作原因狀語。 Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales, please?A. anyoneB. someoneC. whoeverD. no matter who 【答案】C【名師點睛】疑問詞+ever與no matter+疑問詞的區(qū)別:疑問詞+ever可引導名詞性從句,還可引導讓步狀語從句;no matter+疑問詞只能引導讓步狀語從句,不能用于引導名詞性從句。易錯點6 名詞性從句與其他結(jié)構(gòu)判斷錯誤 (2017天津) It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors.A. who B. where C. which D. that 【錯因分析】考生容易分不清句子結(jié)構(gòu),而誤認為名詞性從句是其他結(jié)構(gòu)或從句,從而錯選答案?!驹囶}解析】句意:當我回到我的公寓的時候,我第一次遇見了我的新鄰居。本句中去掉It was 和空格,句意完整,所以本句是強調(diào)句型,強調(diào)的是時間狀語,應(yīng)用that。故選D?!菊_答案】D 1. that引導的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1)從句所修飾詞的不同:同位語從句所修飾的詞通常是少數(shù)一些表示抽象意義的名詞,如belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, possibility, thought, order, suggestion, wish, answer, information, conclusion, decision, discovery, knowledge, law, opinion, problem, promise, proof, question, report, truth, risk 等。定語從句的先行詞可以指人、物等。(2)連接詞的作用不同:引導同位語從句的that只起連接作用,不在從句中擔任任何句子成分。whether 和 how 可以引導同位語從句,但不能引導定語從句。定語從句中的that既代替先行詞,同時在從句中作某個成分(主語或賓語);而同位語從句中的that是連詞,只起連接主句與從句的作用,不充當從句中的任何成分。(3)從句的作用不同:定語從句具有形容詞或副詞的特點,對先行詞起修飾、限定作用,描述先行詞的性質(zhì)或特征,與先行詞之間是所屬關(guān)系。同位語從句具有名詞的特點,對中心詞作進一步補充、解釋,是中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。The news that our team has won the game was true. 我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。 (同位語從句, 補充說明news到底是一個什么消息;that不可代替,一般不省略) The news that had spread all over the world made the man famous.那個已經(jīng)傳遍全世界的消息使得那個人出名了。(定語從句, news在從句中作had spread的主語;引導定語從句時,that很多時候可以用which / who/whom等來代替,作賓語時可省略) 2. that引導的同位語從句與強調(diào)句型的區(qū)別that引導的同位語從句用于進一步解釋說明中心名詞的內(nèi)容,從句本身是一個非常完整的句子,that起引導作用,在從句中可能不作成分,也可能作一定成分,去掉that后句子不完整;而強調(diào)句型是一個句型結(jié)構(gòu),去掉強調(diào)句型的基本框架It isthat后,句子仍然完整,that是用于強調(diào)除人之外的部分(主語、賓語、狀語)。 指出下列句子的類型,并寫出先行詞/中心詞、連詞及連詞在從句中的功能1. The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.句子類型:_ 先行詞/中心詞:_連詞:_連詞功能:_ 2. The news that Mr. Brown will be our new English teacher is true. 句子類型:_ 先行詞/中心詞:_連詞:_連詞功能:_【答案】句子類型:同位語從句先行詞/中心詞:The news連詞:that連詞功能:僅起連接作用3. The news that he told me yesterday is true. 句子類型:_ 先行詞/中心詞:_連詞:_連詞功能:_【答案】句子類型:定語從句先行詞/中心詞:The news連詞:that連詞功能:起連接作用,并在從句中作賓語 1 主語從句一、主語從句的概念與連接詞作主語的從句叫主語從句,它是名詞性從句之一。引導主語從句的連接詞有:1. 從屬連詞that,whether。That they were true sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明顯,她們的確是親姐妹,她們的臉型很相似。Whether hell e here isnt clear. 他是否會來這里還不清楚。2. 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever。What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。Whoever es is wele. 不論誰來都歡迎。3. 連接副詞 where, when, how, why。How this happened is not clear to anyone. 這事怎樣發(fā)生的,誰也不清楚。How and why he suddenly disappeared remains a mystery. 他怎么又為什么突然消失仍然是個迷?!咎貏e注意】連詞that引導的主語從句,通常用形式主語it代替主語從句。連接代詞(副詞)引導的主語從句,可以用形式主語it代替主語從句,也可直接放在句首使用主語從句。主語從句通常都是放在句首,但有時為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,避免頭重腳輕,常用it作形式主語,而把從句放在后面。這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型:(1)It is + n. / adj. +從句It is a pity/shame that. 遺憾的是It is possible that. 很可能It is unlikely that. 不可能It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯了這樣一個錯誤,真是遺憾。(2)It +不及物動詞+從句It seems/appears that. 似乎It happened that. 碰巧It seems that they have won the game. 似乎他們贏得了比賽。(3)It + be +過去分詞+從句It is said that. 據(jù)說It is known to all that. 眾所周知It is reported that. 據(jù)報道It is believed that. 據(jù)信;人們相信It is suggested that. 有人建議It must be pointed out that. 必須指出It has been proved that. 已證明It is believed that at least 20 buildings were damaged or destroyed. 據(jù)信,至少有二十座樓房遭到破壞或徹底毀掉。It is suggested that the meeting should be put off. 有人建議會議延期召開。Its reported that three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly. 據(jù)報道,事故中三人喪生,五人重傷。It is known to all that Taiwan is an inseparable part of China. 眾所周知,臺灣是中國不可分割的一部分。二、主語從句三要素1. 從句用陳述語序How he became a great scientist is known to us all. 眾所周知他是如何成為一名偉大的科學家的。2. 謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。當主語是從句時,主句謂語一般用單數(shù)。Whatever he says is of no importance. 無論他說什么都不重要。Whoever says that is wrong. 無論誰說這話都不對?!咎貏e提醒】但謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復數(shù),不可一概而論,而要視句子的意義而定。What I need is money. 我需要的是錢。What I need are books. 我需要的是書。3. 通常不能省略關(guān)聯(lián)詞That he is the best student in the class is obvious. 很明顯,他是班里最好的學生。三、學習主語從句應(yīng)該注意的幾個問題1. 引導詞that與whatwhat既有引導主語從句的作用,同時又在從句中作句子成分(主語、賓語、表語等)。這時what相當于all that/everything that.,常譯成所的(東西、事情、話等);而that只起連接作用,本身無實際意義,在從句中也不擔當任何句子成分。但that引導的主語從句放在句首時,不能省略that。What is done cant be undone. 已成定局,無可挽回。What we cant get seems better than what we have. 我們得不到的東西似乎比已得到的要好。That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important. 我們應(yīng)該制訂一個計劃來應(yīng)付目前嚴峻的形勢,這一點非常重要。That a new teacher will e to teach us geography is true. 一位新老師將來教我們地理,這是真的。2. 引導詞if和whether(1)whether之后可以直接跟or not,而if 則不能。I dont care whether or not your car breaks down. 我不知道你的車是不是壞了。但是不可以說:I dont care if or not your car breaks down.(2)whether引導的從句一般不可以為否定結(jié)構(gòu)(選擇問句的后一部分除外);而if則可以跟否定結(jié)構(gòu)。I dont care if she doesnt e. 我不在乎她來不來。 但是,在某些動詞或形容詞之后,則可以用whether引導一個否定結(jié)構(gòu)的句子,這種結(jié)構(gòu)往往表示肯定的含義。I wonder whether he doesnt think too much of himself.=I think he does think too much of himself. 我想他沒有為自己考慮太多。(3)在個別動詞之后,如discuss 等,只跟用whether引導的賓語從句。They discussed whether they should close the shop. 他們討論是否應(yīng)該關(guān)掉商店。 (4)whether 可以引導從句作介詞的賓語,而if則不能。Im not interested in whether theyll go or not. 我對他們會不會去不感興趣。(5)whether可以直接跟動詞不定式連用,而if則不能。I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. 我不知道是要笑還是哭。(6)引導主語從句(包括從句在句首的位置)應(yīng)當用whether,不用if。Whether it is true remains a problem. 這是不是真的還是一個問題。3. 其他引導詞連接代詞who, which, whom, whose有各自的意義,起連接作用,并在從句中充當語、賓語、表語、定語等;連接副詞when, where, why, how等有各自的意義,起連接作用,并在從句中充當狀語。三、語氣在It is necessary / natural / important / strange.+ that-clause這類句型里,that所引導的主語從句中謂語動詞用should +原形,表虛擬語氣。It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once. 這個問題必須馬上解決。Its strange that he should have gone away without telling us. 他竟然沒向我們說一聲就走了,真是奇怪。四、以it作形式主語的主語從句與強調(diào)句型的區(qū)別 It be + adj./n. + that-clause與強調(diào)句型均有It be.that.之類的語言標志,但不同的是:(1)前者中的that從句是主語從句。若刪掉其中的It be和that,則剩余部分不論結(jié)構(gòu)還是語意都不能成為一個句子;但若將后者中的It be和that去掉,則剩余部分的結(jié)構(gòu)和語意仍能構(gòu)成一個完整的句子。(2)強調(diào)句型譯為漢語時可加上正是或就是之類的字眼,而主語從句則不可以。請比較下面兩個句子:It is surprising that Mary should have won first place. 令人驚奇的是瑪莉竟然獲得了第一名。It is Mary that has won first place. 正是瑪莉得了第一名。 第一句話中的It是形式主語,that引導的是主語從句,句中的It is和that無法刪除,一旦刪除,句子就不成立;第二句是強調(diào)句型,其中的It is和that可以去掉,因為沒有It is和that句子仍然完整。2 賓語從句一、賓語從句賓語從句在復合句中起賓語的作用,既可作動詞的賓語,也可作介詞的賓語(作介詞的賓語時必須由wh-疑問詞引導)。引導賓語從句的連詞有that,if,whether;連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which;連接副詞when,where,how,why。從句引導詞的使用: 1. 連詞that(引導從句,但是在從句中不作成分,that常可省略)He knows that Jim will work hard. 他知道吉姆會努力工作的。2. 連詞if, whether(表示是否,引導從句,但是在從句中不作成分)【特別提醒】whether和if都有是否的意思,一般情況下兩者可以換用,但在介詞之后、不定式之前、與or not連用、在句首或在引導表語從句同位語從句時,只能用whether。I want to know if/whether the news is true. 我想知道這個消息是不是真的。He doesnt know whether to stay or not. 他不知道改不該留下來。【名師點睛】動詞 doubt 用在疑問句或否定句中時,其后賓語從句常用 that 作連接詞;用在肯定句中時,連接詞用 whether 或 if 皆可,而不用 that。Do you doubt that he will win? 你懷疑他會贏嗎?I dont doubt that your proposition is wrong. 我不懷疑你的提議是錯的。He doubts whether/if I know it. 他懷疑我是否知道這件事。3. 連接代詞who, whom, which等Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 你知道他們在等誰嗎?Do you know which dress fits her best? 你知道哪件連衣裙最適合她嗎?4. 連接副詞when, where, how, whyCould you tell me how we can get to the station? 你能告訴我我們怎樣才能去車站嗎?學習賓語從句要把握三個要點:連接詞、語序和時態(tài)。1. 使用賓語從句,連接詞的選擇至關(guān)重要。有關(guān)連接詞的選擇可遵循以下規(guī)則:(1)如果賓語從句為陳述句,連接詞用that。that本身既沒有實際意思,也不在從句中作成分,所以口語中常省略。I hope (that) you will write to me as soon as possible. 我希望你盡快給我寫信。(2)賓語從句為一般疑問句時,連接詞用if或whether,可譯為是否。He asked me if(whether) I would go to Beijing by air. 他問我是否乘飛機去北京。(3)賓語從句為特殊疑問句時,連接詞用原疑問詞。He didnt know how he could get across the river. 我不知道他是怎么過了河的。2. 從句的語序無論原句是陳述句、一般疑問句,還是特殊疑問句,在賓語從句中一律使用陳述語序。The teacher asked if you had finished your homework. 老師問你是否做完作業(yè)了。Can you tell us when the sports meeting will begin? 你能告訴我們運動會何時舉行嗎?3. 時態(tài)的選擇(1)如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時,賓語從句可以是任何所需要的時態(tài)。I hear a new restaurant will be opened in the city next month. 我聽說這個城市下個月將開一個新飯店。(2)如果主句是一般過去時,賓語從句要用與其相應(yīng)的過去的某種時態(tài)。She told us she had borrowed the book from the library. 她告訴我們她從圖書館借的這本書。He never told me when he would leave. 他從未告訴我他何時離開?!咎貏e注意】當賓語從句表示的是一個真理或一個永久性的事實時,其時態(tài)可不受主句時態(tài)的限制,仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。The teacher said millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun. 老師說數(shù)百萬行星都比太陽更大、更亮。3 表語從句表語從句在復合句中作句子的表語,通常用在連系動詞be,look,seem后。引導表語從句的連詞有that,as if,as though,whether;連接代詞who,what,which;連接副詞when,where,how,why等。需要注意的是表語從句也要用陳述語序。1. 從屬連詞that(一般不省略為好),whether(不用if),as if(though)等引導的表語從句。The reason (why) she hasnt e is that (此處不可用because) she has to take her mother to a hospital. 她沒來是因為她必須送母親去醫(yī)院。2. 連接代詞what, which, who, whom, whose等引導的表語從句。This is what I want to say. 這就是我想說的。3. 連接副詞when, where, how, why等引導的表語從句。This is how we overe the difficulties. 這就是我們克服困難的方法。 The question is where we shall have the sports meeting. 問題是我們在哪里開運動會。It looked as if he had lost something. 看起來他好像丟失了什么東西。His trouble is how he can get the help he needs. 他的麻煩是如何得到所需要的幫助。His car broke down on the way. Thats why he is late. 他的車壞了,那就是他遲到的原因。 4 同位語從句一、定義在復合句中作名詞的同位語的從句叫同位語從句。同位語從句一般放在某些抽象名詞的后面,用以解釋或說明名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容。二、同位語從句的引導詞功能例詞從屬連詞只起連接作用,不充當從句中的任何成分。that, whether連接代詞既起連接作用,又在從句中擔任成分(主語、賓語、表語或定語)。who, what, whose, which, whoever, whatever, whichever連接副詞既起連接作用,又在從句中擔任成分(狀語)。when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, howeverThe idea that puters can recognize human voices surprises many people. 很多人對于電腦能夠識別人的聲音感到非常吃驚。The question who should go abroad required consideration.誰出國這個問題還要考慮。Ive got a pretty good idea why they quarrel every day.我很了解他們?yōu)槭裁刺焯斐臣堋here is no doubt that the prices of puters will go down. 毫無疑問電腦的價格會下降。They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.他們通常還要為如何演奏他們的音樂而寫出精確的說明。I have no idea which one is the best. 我不知道哪一個最好。The question where we should have the sports meeting has not been discussed.還沒有決定好我們在哪里召開會議。【特別注意】1. 如同位語從句意義、結(jié)構(gòu)完整,應(yīng)用that引導同位語從句。(即that不充當任何成分,只起連接作用)2. 如同位語從句意義不完整,結(jié)構(gòu)完整,需增加是否的含義,應(yīng)用whether引導同位語從句。(if不能引導同位語從句)。3. 如同位語從句意義不完整,需增加什么時候、什么地點、什么方式等含義,應(yīng)用連接副詞when, where, how等引導同位語從句。4. 為了保持句子平衡,同位語從句和名詞有時候會被別的詞分隔開。5. 若被同位語說明的名詞是表示建議(如advice, suggestion, proposal)、要求(如demand, request, requirement)、命令(如order)時,同位語從句中的謂語用should+動詞原型。He made the suggestion that we (should) start at once. 他建議我們立即開始做。Soon we received the order that we (should )stop fighting at once. 不久我們接到命令說立刻停止爭斗?!就卣寡由臁?. whether可以引導同位語從句,if不能。I have no idea whether they will give us enough help. 我不知道他們能否給我們足夠的幫助。2.what在同位語從句中要作主語或賓語等成分,that不作成分。I have no idea what he will give me. 我不知道他要給我什么。3. advice, suggestion, proposal, request, requirement, decision, order等表示命令、建議和要求的詞后的同位語從句的謂語用should+do,should可以省略。The mander gave an order that the troops (should) advance 10 miles. 司令官下達命令讓軍隊前進10英里。4.名詞doubt(懷疑)后的同位語從句用whether 引導;no doubt(不懷疑)后的同位語從句用that 引導。We have some doubt whether they can plete the task on time. 我們懷疑他們是否能按時完成任務(wù)。We have no doubt that they can plete the task on time. 我們毫不懷疑他們能按時完成任務(wù)?!炯记牲c撥】名詞性從句中連詞的選擇往往是測試的熱點。考生若不認真分析,沒有一定的方法,常常造成判斷上的失誤,最終錯選了連詞。如果考生能采取一分二劃三看三步法對試題加以分析,則會收到良效。 一、 一分即分清從句類型四種從句:主語從句從句位于動詞前作主語;賓語從句從句位于動詞后作賓語;表語從句從句位于系動詞之后作表語;同位語從句從句位于特殊的名詞,如idea,fact,news 等后補充說明前面的名詞。二、 二劃即劃分出從句用括號表示從句(主語從句/賓語從句/表語從句/同位語從句)三、 三看即看從句句意是否完整1. 句意不完整缺連接代詞人who,whoever主語;whom,whomever賓語;物what,whatever主語、賓語;which,whichever主語、賓語。2. 句意完整缺連接副詞時間when;地點where,wherever;原因why;方式how。3. 缺不作成份的連詞 有含義if, wherther是否;無含義that?!厩蓪W妙記】主語從句口訣主語從句來學習,連、代、副詞為語序;whether、that 要熟記,連詞if要除外;連接代詞也好記,what、who、which要用對,主賓成分要熟記;連接副詞更好背,how、why、when、where 一起記,用作狀語需翻譯。賓語從句口訣口訣1:賓語從句三注意,時態(tài)、語序、連接詞;主句一般現(xiàn)在時,從句時態(tài)隨句意;主句若是過去時,主從時態(tài)要一致;賓從表達是真理,一般現(xiàn)在帶過去;連接詞也不難,陳述要用that連;一般問句表是否,if/whether來引導;特殊問句作賓從,疑問詞引導就能行;還有一點要說明,陳述語序要記清;主句動詞猜想詞,否定轉(zhuǎn)移莫忘記;特殊用法記心間,學好賓從不一般??谠E2:賓語從句多方面,多看多記多訓練;陳用that特詞連,if一般to祈現(xiàn);do去助詞主后邊,一主二賓三不變;疑to變簡否疑前,時態(tài)呼應(yīng)是關(guān)鍵。表語從句口訣表語從句來學習,三個連詞特殊記;as if、whether、that 同一類,不作成分不省去;連詞if還除外,三個連代是一類;who 和 what 與 which ,仍作主賓需熟記;四個連副一次背,how、why、when、where 相同記,用作狀語陳述序。同位語從句口訣whether、that很簡單,不能省去不能換,連代有無不用管,how, when, where只有三,用作狀語需要翻。 高考真題題組一 主語從句1. (2017北京) Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever【答案】B 2. (2016江蘇)It is often the case _anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A. whyB. whatC. asD. that【答案】D【解析】本句中it是形式主語,真正的主語是連接詞that引導的從句,連接詞that在本句中不充當任何成分,只是一個引導詞,不能省略。連接副詞why要在從句中作狀語,連接代詞what通常在從句中作主語、賓語或表語等;as通常不引導名詞性從句。句意:對于那些心存希望的人來說一切皆有可能。故D正確。3. (2015北京) _we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.A. Where B. How C. Why D. When【答案】B【解析】句意:我們?nèi)绾卫斫馐虑榕c我們所感受的有很大關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意可知,主語從句缺少方式狀語,因此選擇how。故選B。4. (2015大綱全國卷)Exactly_ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.A. whether B. whyC. when D. how【答案】C【解析】句意:準確地說土豆是什么時候被傳到歐洲的還不確定,但是可能在1565年左右。此處when引導主語從句,并在從句中作時間狀語。5. (2015陜西) _ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.A. Why B. When C. That D. What【答案】B 題組二 賓語從句I. 單項填空1. (2017北京) Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _she was heading.A. why B. where C. how D. when【答案】B【解析】A. why 為什么;B. where 在哪兒;C. how 如何;D. when什么時候。句意:Jane漫無目的地走在兩旁樹木成行的街道上,不知道她將去往何方。根據(jù)語境可知此處是表地點的,很容易就可選出答案B。2. (2017江蘇) We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge.A. that B. which C. what D. how【答案】C【解析】考查同位語和賓語從句。half of _ it used to charge是$20的同位語,即原來價格的一半是現(xiàn)在的$20;另外,of后跟名詞或名詞短語構(gòu)成介賓短語,所以這里是賓語從句;賓語從句中的charge后面缺少賓語,所以用what來引導賓語從句,并充當賓語從句的賓語,故選C。3. (2015湖南)You have to know _ youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. A. whatB. thatC. whereD. who【答案】C 4. (2015北京)I truly believe _ beauty es from within.A. that B. where C. what D. why【答案】A【解析】句意:我真的相信美麗源自于內(nèi)在。本題考查賓語從句。從句部分不缺少任何成分,因此用that,that起到連接作用,也可以省略。故選A。5. (2015浙江)If you swim