2019-2020年九年級英語上冊《被動語態(tài)》教學(xué)案 牛津版.doc

2019-2020年九年級英語上冊被動語態(tài)教學(xué)案 牛津版課題 語法-被動語態(tài)學(xué)情分析基礎(chǔ)還可以，對英語的興趣不夠濃厚，應(yīng)用不夠靈活教學(xué)目標(biāo)與考點(diǎn)分析通過對典型知識點(diǎn)的分析，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取信息、分析問題、處理問題的能力教學(xué)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：知識點(diǎn)及句型結(jié)構(gòu)教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：用法及區(qū)別教學(xué)方法從書本入手，以課文內(nèi)容為主，結(jié)合練習(xí) 教學(xué)過程被動語態(tài)講解一、被動語態(tài)概述語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。漢語往往用“被”、“受”、“給”等詞來表示被動意義。如：They didnt offer Ann the job. （主動語態(tài)）Ann wasnt offered the job. （被動語態(tài)）安沒得到這份工作。二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。1、被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)較常見的八種形式各種不同時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的對比時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時am / is / are + P.P.（1）Do they speak French ?（2）They dont use the room .Is French spoken by them ?The room isnt used by them .一般過去時was / were + p.p.（1）The hunter killed a tiger .（2）He wrote many stories last year .A tiger was killed by the hunter .Many stories was written by him last year .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am / is / are +being +p.p.（1）These workers are building a new bridge . （2）He is mending his car .A new bridge is being built by these workers . His car is being mended by him .過去進(jìn)行時was / were + being + p.p.（1）He was selling books .（2）They were discussing the plan at that time .Books were being built by him . The plan was being discussed by them at that time .現(xiàn)在完成時have / has + been + p. p.（1）She has learned many English words .（2）He has finished the work .Many English words have been learned by her . The work has been finished by him . 過去完成時had + been + p.p.（1）They has solved the problem .（2）We had told him the news by then . The problem had been solved by them . The news had been told to him by us .一般將來時shall / will be + p.p.（1）I shall make a plan . （2）They are going to fix the radio in an hour .A plan will be made by me . The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour . 過去將來時would be + p.p.was/ were going to be + p.p.（1）He told me they would paint the room . （2）They were going to put on a play the next week . He told me the room would be painted by them . A play was going to be put by them the next week .情態(tài)動詞can / may / must / should + be + p.p.（1）We should hand in our homework .（2）You must answer the question in English .Our homework should be handed in by us .The question must be answered in English by you .各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例（以動詞do為例）1一般現(xiàn)在時（am/ is/ are +done）The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室。2一般過去時(was/ were +done)My bike was stolen last night. 我的自行車昨天被偷了。When was the book introduced to China? 這本書什么時候引入中國的？3一般將來時與過去將來時(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一個演講。I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我認(rèn)為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與過去進(jìn)行時(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天這時，機(jī)器正在被修理。The problem is being discussed now. 問題正在被討論。A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一輛公共汽車。5現(xiàn)在完成時(have/ has been + done)Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)種了二百棵樹了。 The book has been read many times by me. 這本書已經(jīng)被我讀了許多遍了。Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict.在沖突中6過去完成時(had been+done)They said they had been invited to the party. 他們說已經(jīng)被邀請參加晚會了。 She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)房子被暴風(fēng)雨摧毀He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died.他在去世前已經(jīng)被疾病折磨很多年了。被動語態(tài)常用的句式： 肯定句式：主語+be+V-ed (+by). I was invited to the concert yesterday (by Green family).否定句式：主語+be+not+V-ed (+by). The vase wasnt broken by Jane.一般疑問句式： Be+主語+V-ed (+by)? Are the rooms being cleaned?房間正在被打掃嗎？ 回答： Yes, they are./No, they arent.特殊疑問句式 特殊疑問詞（不作主語）+be+主語+V-ed (+by)? 特殊疑問詞（作主語）+be+V-ed (+by)? What is paper made from ? 紙是由什么做成的？ What is the book made of? 這本書是由什么做成的？ 知識點(diǎn)津：make of 和make from 一般用語被動語態(tài)，表示由材料構(gòu)成；前者表示看的出原材料（即物理變化），后者表示看不出原材料（即化學(xué)變化） Who was asked to answer the question? 誰被要求回答這個問題？ 3. 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)肯定句式：主語+情態(tài)動詞+be原形+V-ed (+by).This problem can be solved in an hour by him. 否定句式：主語+情態(tài)動詞+not+be原形+V-ed (+by). Children shouldnt be allowed to play puter games. 一般疑問句式： 情態(tài)動詞+主語+be原形+V-ed (+by)? Should children be allowed to play puter games? Yes, they should./No, they shouldnt.特殊疑問句式 特殊疑問詞（不作主語）+情態(tài)動詞+主語+be原形+V-ed (+by)? 特殊疑問詞（作主語）+情態(tài)動詞+be原形+V-ed (+by)? When can my bike be repaired?我的自行車什么時候能修好？ Who might be sent abroad for further education?誰有可能被送去國外進(jìn)修？三、 如何正確使用被動語態(tài)1. 有些動詞帶有兩個賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語，變被動語態(tài)時，可把其中一個賓語變成主語，另一個留在被動結(jié)構(gòu)謂語后面。需要注意的是：若把直接賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語，需要在間接賓語之間加上介詞“to”。eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主動語態(tài)） （被動語態(tài)）常帶雙賓語的詞有：tell , show , lend , pass等。2. 在主動語態(tài)中，某些動詞之后帶有復(fù)合賓語，即賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，這個復(fù)合賓語由動詞不定式來充當(dāng)，to被省略，但在被動語態(tài)中，這個to還要還原。eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主動語態(tài)） She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被動語態(tài)） 有這種用法的常用動詞有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。3. 有些“be +過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)并不是被動語態(tài)，它們有可能是“系表結(jié)構(gòu)（即系動詞之后由過去分詞來充當(dāng)表語）?！北容^：（1）（2）4. 只有及物動詞和可有賓語的動詞+介詞詞組才可以有被動語態(tài)。eg. 四、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換圖示：主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)之間如何轉(zhuǎn)換 主動句:主語(人/物) + 謂語(及物動詞) + 賓語(人/物) + 其他 + 狀語 (動作的執(zhí)行者) (各種時態(tài)形式) (動作的承受者) 被動句:主語(人/物) + 謂語(及物動詞) + by +人 / 物 + 其他 + 狀語 (動作的承受者) (be +過去分詞) (動作的執(zhí)行者) We Visited that factory last summer 主動語態(tài)主語 謂語 賓語 狀語That factory was visited by us last summer 被動語態(tài) 主語 謂語 賓語 狀語1、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的步驟：（1）將主動句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，如果主動句的賓語是代詞，需變?yōu)橹鞲瘛＃?）將動詞改為“be+過去分詞”，be與新主語的人稱和數(shù)一致，時態(tài)不變。（3）將主動語態(tài)的主語前加by放在謂語動詞后，如果原主語是代詞，要變?yōu)橘e格。 They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held（by them）yesterday. They wont forgive me. I wont be forgiven by them.2、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)：（1）主動句中的主語如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示“人們”、“大家”等， 變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，通常刪去“by”，除非強(qiáng)調(diào)原主語。如： They set up this hospital in 1975. This hospital was set up in 1975. Only he can finish the job. 只有他能完成這項(xiàng)工作。 The job can be finished only by him.這項(xiàng)工作只能由他來完成。（2）含有賓語從句的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳?，通常用it作為被動結(jié)構(gòu)的先行主語，把賓語從句后置。 We have determined that the plan should be carried out soon. It has been determined that the plan should be carried out soon.五、高頻考點(diǎn)：1. 動詞的主動形式表示被動之意1）某些連系動詞，如：look, feel, smell，sound, prove等。 The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來很香。Maria proves very patient and warm-hearted. 瑪麗亞被證明很耐心、很熱心2）表示主語內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”的某些動詞，雖然可以是及物動詞，但這時用作不及物動詞， 如：lock, shut, close, open, move, read, write, sell, wash, clean, draw, cut, translate, burn, run, ride, begin, end, operate等。 The sentences translate hard. 這些句子很難譯。 The door wont shut. 這個門關(guān)不上。3）某些動詞用在句型“主+謂+主補(bǔ)”時，如wear，blow，prove等。 The door blew open. 門被吹開了。2. 不用于被動語態(tài)的動詞有些動詞用于被動語態(tài)，如happen，cost，take，have (有)，own，possess, want。An accident happened yesterday. 昨天發(fā)生了一起事故。One should possess courage, determination and wisdom. 人要擁有勇氣、決心和智慧。3. “動詞+反身代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)與“be+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)注意下面短語：devote oneself to (獻(xiàn)身于) seat oneself (就坐) dress oneself (穿衣),amuse oneself (自娛自樂) lose oneself (迷路) prepare oneself for (做好心理準(zhǔn)備),concern oneself about (擔(dān)心)這些短語經(jīng)常用被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示主動意義。They were seated in the front of the hall. 他們在大廳前部就坐。He was concerned about his work. 他擔(dān)心他的工作。All my students are well prepared for the test. 我的學(xué)生都為考試做好了準(zhǔn)備。His mother is dressed in white at the party. 他的媽媽在宴會上穿著白色衣服。4. be done與get done1）現(xiàn)代英語特別是口語中常用“get + 過去分詞”表示被動語態(tài)。2）“get + 過去分詞”只表示動作，而“be+過去分詞”既可表動作，也可表狀態(tài) They have been married for ages. 他們結(jié)婚多年了。（不能用get married） They got married last month. 他們上個月結(jié)婚了。3）經(jīng)過安排、考慮的動作用“be+過去分詞”；出乎意料時用“get+過去分詞” How did the painting get damaged? 這幅畫什么時候被損壞的？4）“be+過去分詞”是單純的被動意義，而“get+過去分詞”可以暗示主語對動作的發(fā)生有一定的責(zé)任，含有某種主動意味。 His team got beaten again though they had tried their best. 雖然他們盡了全力，他的隊還是輸了。5. 幾個被動語態(tài)常用習(xí)慣用法：Were determined to set up an eco-laboratory. 我們決定建立一個生態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)室My time was occupied with children. 我的時間都用在了孩子們身上。Im very interested in fine arts. 我對美術(shù)非常感興趣。Where was your grandfather born? 你祖父的出生地是哪里？I was graduated from that university ten years ago. 我十年前從那所大學(xué)畢業(yè)。My hometown is situated in the south of China. 我的家鄉(xiāng)在中國南部。6It is said/ reported/believed, etc. + 從句的變化： 常見的句型結(jié)構(gòu)：It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought.）that.大家同意（相信、決定、希望、認(rèn)為）.It is(was)well known that.眾所周知It is(was)taken for granted that.被視為當(dāng)然It must be remembered that.務(wù)必記住.It mustnt be forgotten that.千萬別忘記.It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that.據(jù)說(報道、聽說、告知、建議.)“It is said/ reported/believed, etc. + 從句”表示據(jù)說/據(jù)報道/據(jù)信.，此句型可以變成從句主語作主語的句型：sb. be said/ reported/believed, etc. +不定式。如果原來從句的謂語動作已經(jīng)完成，不定式用完成式；如果從句的謂語動作是經(jīng)常性動作或還沒有完成，用不定式的一般式。It is said that James is an expert on DNA. = James is said to be an expert on DNA.人們說詹姆斯是個DNA專家。It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. =The boy is said to have passed the national exam.據(jù)說這個男孩已經(jīng)通過了這次全國性的測試。鞏固練習(xí). 單項(xiàng)選擇1. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words _. (xx 北京)A. are droppedB. drop C. are being droppedD. have dropped2. Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.（2011 北京）A. have conducted B. have been conductedC. had conducted D. had been conducted3. He_some pieces of advice, but he_to them.A. gave, didnt listen B. was given, wasnt listenedC. give, wasnt listened D. was given, didnt listen4. This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year. (xx 湖南)Awas named Bnamed Cis named Dnames7. Great changes_place. Many new schools _.A. have taken, have been openedB. take, are openC. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened8. We cant use the bridge now, because it_.A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired9. I_the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing10. The war the old soldier remembers very well _in 1941.A. broke outB. had been broken outC. was broken out D. had broken out11. When water_, it will be changed into vapour.A. is heatedB. heating C. has heated D. heats13. They_day and night, so they had no time to stay with their families.A. are made work B. are made to workC. made to be worked D. are making to work16. A strange thing _ in our school yesterday.A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen18. It is said that another new car factory _ now. Yeah. It _ one and a half years.A. is building； is taken B. is being built； will takeC. is built； will take D. is being built； takes把下列句子改為被動語態(tài)1. I saw the boy run yesterday.2. He told me that he would e back soon.3. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages.4. Do you water your flowers every day?5. The wind blew down the big tree last night.6. I think that he is right.7. He had not thrown the bad food.8. Mother was not mending the trousers.9. They would not take him to Beijing.10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time.24) Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts _Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the mon cold.A) have takenB) have been takenC) have been takingD) have been taking25) I dont remember _the chance to try this method.A) having been givenB) to have been givenC) having givenD) to have given26) We could ask someone to do the work privately without it_.A) knowB) be knownC) being knownD) to be known29) He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses _to Peter.A) is belonged toB) belongedC) belongsD) is belonging31) The reason for all the changes being made _to us yet.A) has not explainedB) has not been explainedC) did not explainedD) were not explained35) As we approached the work site, the workers were seen _the new house.A) buildingB) buildC) builtD) to build36) As we know, all the regulations in school _.A) must keep toB) must be keptC) must keepD) must be kept up37) The position _any more.A) need not to be correctedB) doesnt need to be correctedC) doesnt need be corrected D) need not correct22)D 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)C 27)A 28)C29)C 30)A 31)B 32)C 33)A 34)C 35)A 36)B 37)B38)B 39)D 40)B教學(xué)反思學(xué)生歸納總結(jié)：這堂課你掌握了什么？答： 。 三、本次課后作業(yè)： 完成相關(guān)作業(yè)，做好預(yù)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)任務(wù)。四、學(xué)生對于本次課的評價： 特別滿意 滿意 一般 差 學(xué)生簽字：五、教師評定：1、 學(xué)生上次作業(yè)評價： 非常好 好 一般 需要優(yōu)化2、 學(xué)生本次上課情況評價：非常 好 好 一般 需要優(yōu)化 教師簽字：