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2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)講義中考復(fù)習(xí)教案 人教新目標(biāo)版.doc

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2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)講義中考復(fù)習(xí)教案 人教新目標(biāo)版.doc

2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)講義中考復(fù)習(xí)教案 人教新目標(biāo)版一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一、動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)詞尾變化:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需加-s或-es:規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式一般在詞尾加-s,(清輔音后讀s,在濁輔音后讀z;在t后讀ts,在d后讀dz。)playleaveswimplaysleavesswims以字母s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾的詞加-es,讀iz,如果動(dòng)詞原形詞尾已有e,則只加-s。passfixteachwishdopassesfixesteacheswishesdoes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,先變y為i, 再加-es,讀z。studycarryflystudiescarriesflies注意:動(dòng)詞have的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)是has.寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)形式。1. cook _2.watch_3.build_4.have_5.wash_6. enjoy _7. go _8 receive _9 cry_10. close _11. drive _12. choose _13. play _14. reach _二. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1) 表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與表示頻度的副詞連用。常用的頻度副詞有: always、often、 usually、seldom、never。頻度副詞在句中通常放在行為動(dòng)詞之前,系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后。例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天經(jīng)常游泳。I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點(diǎn)離開(kāi)家。2)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。例如:My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父親在工作,他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 這男孩十二歲。3)表示主語(yǔ)具備的性格、特征和能力等。例如:All my family love football .我全家人都喜歡足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹總是樂(lè)于助人。Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)得不錯(cuò),講的可不行。4)表示客觀真理,客觀存在,自然現(xiàn)象。例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國(guó)東部。5)表示按計(jì)劃或安排好的,或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動(dòng)作,可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,e,arrive,return,take place等。例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車(chē)明天上午六點(diǎn)開(kāi)。 He es back tonight. 他今晚回來(lái)。6)在復(fù)合句中,當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如: Ill tell him the news when he es back. 他回來(lái)時(shí),我將告訴他這個(gè)消息。If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受這份工作,他們將和你談?wù)劶?xì)節(jié)。 鞏固練習(xí):1、Lucy likes going skating with her friends. (改寫(xiě)成否定句)_2、Aunt Lis son has ten toy bears. (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))_3、His watch costs 300 yuan. (變成一般疑問(wèn)句并否定回答)_4、I like being a nurse for the old. (變成一般疑問(wèn)句)_5、張叔叔每天乘坐地鐵上班。_6、我們每周日常花三小時(shí)在圖書(shū)館看書(shū)。_7、我爺爺常常晚飯后出去散步。_一般過(guò)去時(shí)一、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的規(guī)則變化:構(gòu)成規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ed,(在清輔音后讀t;在濁輔音和元音后讀d;在t,d后讀id。lookplayworklookedplayedworked結(jié)尾是e的動(dòng)詞在末尾加-dlikelivehopelikedlivedhoped末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母,再加-edplanstopdropplannedstoppeddropped結(jié)尾是“輔音字母y”的動(dòng)詞,先變“y”為“I”再加-edstudyworrycrystudiesworriescries注:不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式參見(jiàn)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)P142。寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式形式。1. put _2. drink _3. cry _4. pull _5. ride _6.begin _7. sit _8. run _9. take _10.sweep _11. stop _12. solve _13. rob _14. wait _15. lie _16. turn _17. explore _18. drop _19. clean _20. produce _21.get _22.laugh_23.pay_24.die_25.prefer _二. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法 1)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday, last week, an hour ago,just now, the other day, in 1982等連用。在一般過(guò)去式中,要表達(dá)“過(guò)多少時(shí)間之后”,一般用after。幾年后。例如:Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了? After a few years,she started to play the piano.幾年后,她開(kāi)始彈鋼琴。2)表示在過(guò)去,經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與often,always等表示頻度的副詞連用。例如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候,常在馬路上踢足球。3)一般過(guò)去式也可與today,this week,this month,this year等表現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用,但這些時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)須指過(guò)去的時(shí)間,決不包含“現(xiàn)在”“此時(shí)此刻”的意思。例如:Did you see him today?今天你看見(jiàn)他了嗎?鞏固練習(xí):1、 Yesterday I went swimming.(改寫(xiě)成否定句。)_2、 He was born in Shanghai.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))_3我昨天買(mǎi)了一輛新自行車(chē)。_4、我前天讀了一本書(shū)。_一般將來(lái)時(shí) 一、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成:助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形在口語(yǔ)中,will在名詞或代詞后??s為ll,wii not常簡(jiǎn)縮為wont。在疑問(wèn)句中,主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)(I和we)時(shí),常用助動(dòng)詞shall。例如:Shell go to play basketball. 她要去打籃球。 Shall we go to the zoo? 我們要去動(dòng)物園嗎?二、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法1、表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與tomorrow, next year等連用。例如:Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.2、表示將來(lái)經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如:Ill e and see you every Saturday next year.明年我將每個(gè)星期六來(lái)看你。3、表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)于將來(lái)的看法、假設(shè)和推測(cè),通常用be afraid,be/feel sure,hope,know,think等后面的從句或與副詞perhaps,possibly,maybe等連用。例如:I think shell go back home for supper. 我想她會(huì)回家吃飯。 Maybe shell go to the gym.也許她會(huì)去體育館。三、be going to +不定式,表示將來(lái)。1、表示主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行某一行動(dòng)的打算意圖。這種打算常經(jīng)過(guò)預(yù)先考慮并含有自己做好某些準(zhǔn)備的意思。即計(jì)劃,安排要發(fā)生的事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開(kāi)播。2、表示說(shuō)話人確信如此或有某種跡象表明某事即將發(fā)生。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云,快要下雨了。3、注意:be going to 和will之間的區(qū)別。兩者都用于預(yù)測(cè)時(shí),be going to意指有跡象表明某件事將要發(fā)生,屬客觀的推測(cè);will則意指說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為/相信某件事將要發(fā)生,屬主觀的推測(cè)。兩者在時(shí)間的發(fā)生上,be going to通常表示馬上要發(fā)生或相當(dāng)快就要發(fā)生的事情;而will不指明任何具體時(shí)間,可以指遙遠(yuǎn)的未來(lái)。例如:He is gong in to be better. 他的病就要好起來(lái)了。 He will be better. 他的病會(huì)好起來(lái)了。兩者都表示意圖時(shí),be going to含有預(yù)先計(jì)劃、準(zhǔn)備的意思;will則指未經(jīng)過(guò)預(yù)先思考或計(jì)劃,是臨時(shí)的一種決定。在條件壯語(yǔ)從句中,be going to表將來(lái),will表意愿。例如:If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. 如果你將要去旅行,最好盡快做好準(zhǔn)備。 Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her. 如果你去問(wèn)高老師,她會(huì)告訴你答案。四、be +不定式表將來(lái),表示客觀安排或受人指示而將要做某事。例如:We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。五、be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如:He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。鞏固練習(xí):1. Mrs. Brown is going to buy a digital camera. (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))_2.My boss is going to fly to London on business the day after tomorrow. (用often改寫(xiě)句子)_3.Sam will visit Brazil next week. (變成一般疑問(wèn)句并否定回答)_4. 他們今晚要去看足球賽。_5.金一家人什么時(shí)候去長(zhǎng)城???_過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成:1、would/should+動(dòng)詞原形 2、 was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形二、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法:1、表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用于主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如:He said that he would finish his work before 9 oclock. 他說(shuō)他會(huì)在九點(diǎn)之前完成工作。2、 表示過(guò)去的某種習(xí)慣,只要would。例如:Whenever he has been in trouble,we would give him a hand. 每當(dāng)他遇到困難時(shí),我們總會(huì)伸出援助之手。鞏固練習(xí):1、He said that he (e)back tonight.2、I thought it (rain)soon.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 一、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成:am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞二、動(dòng)詞V-ing的構(gòu)成形式規(guī)則原形-ing形式一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-inglistenspendstaylisteningspendingstaying以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先去掉e,再加-inghaveprepareclosehavingpreparingclosing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,如果末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,應(yīng)先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母,再加-ingsitbeginrunputsittingbeginningrunningputting以ie為重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先去掉e,把i改為y,再加-ingliedielyingdying以er結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,如是重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾,先雙寫(xiě)r,再加-ing;如不是重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾,就直接加-ingpreferwaterpreferringwatering寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。1、win 2、relax 3、jump 4、make 5、have 6、talk 7、tie 8、cheer 9、enjoy 10、cry 11、e 12、fit 三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法:1、表示現(xiàn)在(指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí))正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與now,right now,at this moment等時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用。例如: We are waiting for you now. 我們正在等你。2、 表示現(xiàn)階段(說(shuō)話前后一段時(shí)間內(nèi)),一直在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如:Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在寫(xiě)另一部小說(shuō)。(說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫(xiě),只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài)。) He is thinking about this problem.這些天來(lái)他一直在考慮這個(gè)問(wèn)題。3、 表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),常與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩。例如:You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。4、 表示漸變,這樣的動(dòng)詞有:get, grow, bee, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。 Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越來(lái)越熱了。5、表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表移動(dòng)的終止性動(dòng)詞(e, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等)用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),表示即將要發(fā)生動(dòng)作。例如:Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 The train is arriving soon. 火車(chē)要到了。一些持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí),表將來(lái),表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)對(duì)方將要做的事情的一種關(guān)心。例如:Are you staying here till next week? 你會(huì)在這兒呆到下周嗎?注意:鞏固練習(xí):1、Bruce often writes letters in English. (用now改寫(xiě)句子)_2、They are surfing. (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))_3、瞧,那些孩子們玩的真高興!_4、這些天工人們一直在盡力修補(bǔ)那些壞了的帳篷。_用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1. Uncle Wang usually _ (go) to work by bike.2. Be quiet ! The patient _ (sleep).3、Look, a number of Young Pioneers _(plant) trees over there.4、Emily often _ (help) her mother _ (wash) clothes on Sunday.5、_ (not be) afraid, I _ (show) you how to reach the station.6、What _ you _ (do) the day after tomorrow ?7、There _ (be) an important meeting in two days.8、My aunt (join) the Party in 1995.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成:was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing) 二、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法:1、表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,通常與表過(guò)去的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用。例如:At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候,我正在收拾東西去露營(yíng)。2、表移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞,如e, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),可以表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如:She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告訴我她將去海南度假。3、在含有時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中,表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生之后,另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如:It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開(kāi)車(chē)站時(shí),正下著雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到達(dá)山頂時(shí),陽(yáng)光燦爛。4、在敘述或描寫(xiě)過(guò)去的事情時(shí),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常與其它過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),特別時(shí)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。但是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)往往是表示背景。例如:One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity .一天晚上,他正在書(shū)房里打字。突然,一個(gè)人闖進(jìn)屋來(lái),切斷了電源鞏固練習(xí):1、Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes2、As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read;was fallingB. was reading; fellC. was reading; was fallingD. read;fell現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成:助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞二、過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成: 過(guò)去分詞的規(guī)則變化與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化相同,在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed;不規(guī)則變化的過(guò)去分詞見(jiàn)九年級(jí)下冊(cè)教科書(shū)p74不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表。寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式。1、bring 2、catch 3、do 4、find 5、eat 6、get 7、forget 8、cut 9、pay 10、know 11、buy 12、see 13、e 14、sleep 15、spend 16、tell 三、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1、表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常與already, yet, ever, never, just,before 等詞連用。例如:Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚飯了嗎?You have already grown much taller.你已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)高了許多。2、表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),并可能還要延續(xù)。往往和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用,常用的有:for一段時(shí)間;since+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句。(Since 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間,for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度),提問(wèn)用How long. 例如:It has been five years since he joined the army .他參軍五年了。 They have learned English for eight years .他們已學(xué)了八年的英語(yǔ)了。3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)需注意的問(wèn)題:表示短暫性的動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的壯語(yǔ)連用appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,e,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop等。例如:He has joined the army for five years. (錯(cuò)誤)He has been in the army for five years.(正確)注意:非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。(錯(cuò))I have received his letter for a month.(對(duì))I havent received his letter for almost a month. 不能和明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用,如:yesterday,last week,in xx,two days ago等。have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的區(qū)別: have/has been to have/has gone to 試舉例 : 比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作,不和現(xiàn)在發(fā)生聯(lián)系,常與具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如yesterday, last week,ago, in1980, in October, just now等,;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況,不能與表過(guò)去的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用。 I saw this film yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了)I have seen this film. (強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了)Why did you get up so early? (強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了)He has been a League member for three years. (強(qiáng)調(diào)他是團(tuán)員)鞏固練習(xí): 1、-Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am ing 2、-Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, e B. even, have eC. ever, e D. ever, have e 3、Do you know _? A. how long has he lived here B. how long he has lived here C. he has lived here how long D. he has lived how long here 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 一、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成:助動(dòng)詞had動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞二、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法:1、表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已完成的行為或存在的狀態(tài)。即發(fā)生的時(shí)間是過(guò)去的過(guò)去。常與“by/before+過(guò)去時(shí)間”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)連用。例如:The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到達(dá)之前,火車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。 He said that he had learned some English before. 他說(shuō)過(guò)他以前學(xué)過(guò)一些英語(yǔ)。2、表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前已經(jīng)持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常與for/since引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用。例如:I had lived in America for two years before I came here .我來(lái)這兒之前在美國(guó)住過(guò)兩年。3、表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的計(jì)劃、愿望等。這種用法中常用的動(dòng)詞為hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。例如:We had hoped that you would e, but you didnt. 那時(shí)我們希望你能來(lái),但是你沒(méi)有來(lái)。 I had thought that all knew about it.我以為他們都知道這件事呢。鞏固練習(xí):1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had metB. have met C. metD. meet2. -Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. wasD. will be 3、The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left4、My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont findC. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found.

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