2019-2020年高考英語一輪復習 語法精講精練 名詞性從句用法.doc

2019-2020年高考英語一輪復習 語法精講精練 名詞性從句用法名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。高考常從連接詞的選擇、語序、語氣、時態(tài)等方面來考查。名詞性從句中的連接詞有連詞that / whether / as if，連接代詞what / who/ which /whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，連接副詞where /when /why / how / wherever / whenever。第1講 引導名詞性從句的連接詞考點1. 引導名詞性從句的連接詞有哪些有學生認為，引導同位語從句只能用that, 這句話對嗎？先看下面幾個句子。 I have no question that he will e. I have a question whether he will e I have a question when he will e.我們可以看出：上面三個句子中question后面都是同位語從句，都是說明question的內(nèi)容的。在句中，同位語從句的原句是陳述句，由that引導；在句中，原句是一般疑問句，由whether引導；在句中，同位語從句的原句是特殊疑問句，特殊疑問詞也起著連接作用。其實，所有名詞性從句的連接詞都有上面的三種情況。賓語從句：I dont know that he will e.I dont know whether/if he will e.I dont know when he will e.表語從句：What I dont know is that he will e.What I dont know is whether he will e.What I dont know is when he will e.主語從句That he will e is obvious.Whether he will e isnt known yet.When he will e isnt known yet.1. 【xx浙江】It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.A. thatB. whatC. howD. whether2. 【xx全國新課標】It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike. A. howB. whichC. thatD. what3. 【xx山東】It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. howB. whetherC. whatD. why 4. 【xx陜西】It remains to be seen _ the newly formed mittees policy can be put into practice.A. thatB. which C. whatD. whether5. 【xx天津】It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A. asB. whichC. whetherD. that6. 【xx江西】It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.A. whetherB. whereC. whichD. that考點2. 引導詞that的省略問題主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中連詞that不能省略。That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.She expressed her hope that they would e to China one day.只有賓語從句中的連接詞that可省略，但在以下幾種情況中that也不能省略：A. 當that從句和主句謂語動詞之間有插入詞語或者從句主語之間有插入語時，that不可省略。He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand.B. 當兩個名詞性從句并列作賓語時，后面的that不能省。Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. C. 當that作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉。The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.7. _ we need more practice is quite clear.A. WhenB. WhatC. ThatD. /8. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.A. WhatB. ThatC. ThisD. Which9. 【xx上海】One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. thatB. howC. whatD. why10. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. because I gotB. because of getting C. I gotD. that I got11. 【2011全國I】The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house.A. roseB. risingC. to riseD. risen12. Having checked the doors were closed, and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.A. whyB. thatC. whenD. where13. I know nothing about the young lady_ she is from Beijing.A. exceptB. except forC. except thatD. besides14. Human beings are different from animals _ they can use language as a tool to municate. A. for thatB. in that C. in whichD. for which(如果不理解本題，可以參看P. 錯誤！未定義書簽。錯誤！未找到引用源。)考點3. whether 與if引導名詞性從句時的區(qū)別A. 在主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中只能用whether,不能用if。Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. The question is whether they have so much money.We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.B. 在賓語從句中whether和if可以互換，但：i. 作介詞賓語時連接詞一般用whether。如：It all depends on whether they will e back.ii. 后面直接跟or not 時用whether。如：I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.C. whether也可與動詞不定式連用，但if不能。I have not decided whether to go or not.D. whether常與or連用表示一種選擇，if不能這樣用：The question of whether they are male or female is not important.E. whether可引導一個讓步狀語從句表示“不管”、“無論”，而if不能。如：Whether he es or not, we will begin our party on time. F. discuss后通常用whether。15. _ you can succeed in the end will mainly depend on _ you do and _ you do it.A. If; what; whyB. Whether; what; howC. Whether; how; whyD. That; whether; how16. 【xx上海】It is not immediately clear _ the financial crisis will soon be over.A. sinceB. whatC. whenD. whether17. They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help.A. ifB. thatC. whatD. whether18. What the doctor is uncertain about is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. whenB. howC. whetherD. why19. Mr. Hopkins has not yet answered my question _ I can go with him to _ he calls the Underground Treasure House next week.A. that; whichB. that; where C. whether; thatD. whether; what20. I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. which考點4. question 與doubt 后跟同位語從句時的連接詞問題doubt，question用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用whether引導名詞性從句；用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用that引導名詞性從句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑問句時，后接that引導的名詞性從句；用于否定句時，后接whether/ if引導的名詞性從句。21. I have no question _ he will succeed.A. whetherB. thatC. whenD. how22. Then I had a question _ a spore（孢子）could quickly get around and form mould (霉菌). A. whyB. thatC. that howD. if23. The question came up at the meeting _ we had enough money for our research. A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whether24. I dont doubt _ hell e.A. thatB. ifC. whatD. whether25. After three days waiting, there was a little doubt in the mothers mind _ the police could find her lost child.A. howB. thatC. whereD. whether考點5. 名詞性從句是復合句時，不要忘了帶that (雙連接詞) 改錯: The question was that whether he could get a job at the center. You have no idea that how busy we were those days. It is well known what a person eats causes changes in the body.答案及解析：去掉that,。后面whether本身就起著連接作用。去掉that。 who, how, when, what等本身就有兩個作用：作從句的成分；起連接作用。在what前面加that。what只是把主語從句的兩個分句連接起來，但其作為一個整體來作主語從句時還需要用that引導。26. Father made a promise _ I passed the exam he would buy me a bike.A. thatB. that ifC. ifD. whether27. It was true _ she did delighted every one of us.A. thatB. whatC. that whatD. that which28. Some language experts think _ we learn language in the same way _ we learn other things, and _ were born with is a general ability to learn and adapt.A. /; /; that whatB. that; which; what C. /; that; what thatD. that; in which; that29. She often thinks of _ she can do more for her motherland.A. whatB. howC. thatD. that how30. At that time I had no idea _ I could hand it to him without being seen.A. ifB. howC. whichD. that howI. 單句改錯1. 【xx重慶】One may not agree to the examination system, but at present it is basically the only measure that the teacher and the rest of the world can depend on to decide if or not each of us meets the requirement. 2. If you e or not is up to you. 3. I have no idea if he will e tomorrow. 4. Mysuggestioniswegobybusinsteadofbytrain.5. Athletes are awarded some money is reasonable.6. Everyone knows the fact Taiwan belongs to China.7. He told me he had got used to the life there and he was making progress.8. That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill. II. 語法填空（每空至多填三詞）9. Its uncertain _ he will do tomorrow. 10. _ is reported in the newspaper that talks between the two countries are making progress. 11. _ talks between the two countries are making progress is reported in the newspaper. 12. _ is reported in the newspaper is that talks between the two countries are making progress.13. _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. 14. There is no doubt _ my friend was not important to them all. III. 寫作技能提升15. 【xx上?！恳槐緯欠駮充N取決于諸多因素。(Whether. . . )16. 他的成功是因為他為比賽作了充分的準備。（his success, lie in the fact, be well prepared）17. 他近來沒有盡最大努力，我們都很清楚。（do ones best, recently, be obvious to）18. 我反對這個工程的原因是，它花費太多的錢，而這些錢應當用來提高當?shù)厝藗兊纳钏?。（the reason why is that, to improve the lives of the local people）19. 使我們這個學校特別的是，她的大多數(shù)畢業(yè)生都被名校錄取。（make special, graduate, be admitted to, famous colleges）20. 在我看來，這個公寓很完美，除去窗戶稍微有點小外。（personally, perfect, except that）21. 從你們發(fā)布在網(wǎng)站的廣告我知道，你們學校發(fā)展很快，你們想要聘用能說一口流利英語的人。( advertisement/ad, post, website, develop, rapidly, employ, fluently)22. 【2011湖北】他突然想到，第二天上午他有重要的會議要參加。（occur to, conference）23. 【xx上?！繉磉^怎樣的生活取決于你自己。( up to)24. 毫無疑問，玩電腦游戲過多對他們的健康有害，對他們的學習有負面影響。（there is no doubt, be harmful to, have a negative effect on）25. 我相信有志者事竟成，成功屬于做出不斷努力的人。第2講 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別 (參看P. 錯誤！未定義書簽。錯誤！未找到引用源。)第3講 what, when, where, how, why等引導的名詞性從句考點1. what引導的名詞性從句that和what的區(qū)別：that引導名詞性從句時，在主從句中不充當任何句子成分，也沒有任何含義；而what引導名詞性從句時，在主從句中都要充當一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定語從句中的“先行詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”即常說的“先行詞 + that”。what從句，在功能上相當于一個名詞，常譯作“的事/話/地方/時間/”，可以作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。1. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.A. thatB. whereC. whatD. which2. What a different man he is _ he was four years ago.A. from whatB. with what C. from whomD. by whom3. 【xx江蘇】What a mess! You are always so lazy!Im not to blame, mum. I am _ you have made me.A. howB. whatC. thatD. who 4. The city is no longer _. A. what it isB. that it used to be C. which it wasD. what it used to be5. Our school is no longer _ it was 10 years ago, _ it was not well equipped. A. what; whichB. that; which C. what; whenD. that; where6. After _ seemed like hours, he came qq 329950885out with a bitter smile.A. whichB. itC. whatD. that 7. The teacher returned after _ seemed to be a long time.A. itB. thatC. whatD. when8. I was close to being killed the other day. A car passed me at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.A. asB. whichC. whatD. that9. Generally speaking, _ we have seen seems more believable than _ we have been told.A. what; thatB. what; what C. that; whatD. that; that10. 【2011四川】Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. whyB. howC. whatD. which11. I think that this meal was well worth _ was charged for it.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. how many12. The shopkeeper didnt want to sell for _ he thought was not enough.A. howB. afterC. whatD. when13. Output is now six times _ it was before liberation.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. of which14. Mr. Smith told me _ he was doing was important.A. thatB. whyC. what thatD. why what15. 【xx新課標I】Police have found _ appears to be the lost ancient statue.A. whichB. whereC. howD. what考點2. when, where, how, why引導的名詞性從句why，的原因；when，的時間；how，的方法；where，的地方16. Do you think it a must for me to try to do everything for my children?No, thats _ youre mistaken; they should do everything on their own.A. whereB. whenC. whatD. that17. 【xx江蘇】I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life.A. whereB. howC. whenD. what18. Is this _ we met each other two years ago? A. placeB. place in which C. whereD. place which19. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it.A. there B. where C. there where D. where there20. 【xx全國2】 Have you finished the book?No, Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where21. 【2011山東】 I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything.A. thatB. whenC. whereD. why22. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that _ you had a few days off?A. whyB. whenC. whatD. where23. 【xx北京】_we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.A. WhereB. HowC. WhyD. When24. 【xx天津】The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park.A. whereB. howC. whenD. why 考點3. when表示“時候的事情”25. I remember _ this used to be a quiet place.A. whenB. howC. thatD. if26. I remember _ we had our lessons in a shed (小棚子).A. whenB. whichC. whereD. what考點4. 感嘆句作名詞性從句27. The travelers drank up _ little water there was in the bottles. A. howB. whichC. whatD. that28. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved _.A. what little she earnsB. how little she earnsC. for little she earnsD. with little she earns29. Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future. A. thatB. howC. suchD. so30. 【2011北京】The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.A. whatB. howC. thatD. whyI. 單句改錯1. 【xx全國】So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize. 2. 【xx江蘇】Leaving him at home all day, we would return at night to hear that hed picked up from the radio in the day. 3. That he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. 4. They do these is because they want to earn some money.(兩處錯誤) II. 語法填空（每空至多填三詞）5. 【xx上海】Perhaps _my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected. 6. 【xx山東】It is difficult for us to imagine_ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 7. Mr. Hopkins has not yet answered my question whether I can go with him to _ he calls the Underground Treasure House next week. 8. 【xx上?！縚 makes the game unique is that it helps children learn how to cope with problems in real life.III. 寫作技能提升9. 近幾年，我們的學校發(fā)生了很大的變化，已不再是過去的樣子了。（great changes, take place, what it used to be）10. 【xx湖北】事情往往不是它們看上去的那樣。(appear)11. 她變化很大，看起來與過去不同了。（change, look different from）12. 過了數(shù)小時的樣子，他蘇醒過來了。（what seemed like hours, e to oneself）13. 如果我們想成功，我們應當相信我們做的事情，相信我們自己。（succeed, believe in what we do, who we are）14. 與我期望的相反，我的英語考試又一次不及格。（contrary to, expect, fail, a second time.）15. 我們得不到的似乎總比我們擁有的好。（seem better than）16. 【xx湖北】由于科技的快速發(fā)展，我很難想象我的家鄉(xiāng)十年后會是什么樣子。（with, cant imagine）17. 你很難想象我在學英語中遇到多么大的困難。（you cant imagine, have difficulty in doing something）18. 我的家鄉(xiāng)與過去有多么大的不同?。。╤ow different, my hometown, what it used to be）第4講 whatever, whoever, whichever與whenever, wherever, however“連接詞 + ever”可分為兩類：“連接代詞 + ever”： whatever / whichever / whoever （賓格 whomever ）“連接副詞 + ever”： wherever / whenever / however 不論是“連接代詞 + ever”還是“連接副詞 + ever ”，其意義都是“不管 / 無論 + 該連接詞的本義”?？键c1. “連接代詞 + ever”既可引導名詞性從句又可引導讓步狀語性從句A. 引導名詞性從句時，既作主句成分又作從句成分。Whoever smokes here will be punished. （whoever引導主語從句，在主句和從句中都作主語）Beggars will eat whatever they are given. （whatever引導賓語從句，在主句和從句中都作賓語）Whichever he likes will be given to him. （whichever引導主語從句，在從句中作賓語， 在主句中作主語）引導名詞性從句不能換為no matter+連接代詞。Whatever you say is of no use now.No matter what you say is of no use now.1. I dont believe _ he says now. He is a cheat. A. no matter whatB. everything C. whateverD. how2. _ es to the party will receive a gift.A. No matter whoB. WhoC. Which oneD. WhoeverB. 引導讓步狀語從句時，可換為no matter+連接代詞；Whatever happened，he wouldnt say a word. = No matter what happened, he wouldnt say a word.3. Do _ you think is right, _ difficulties you may have.A. what; howeverB. that; whateverC. whatever; whoeverD. what; whatever4. She liked the ancient Chinese vase so much that she would like to take it, _ it cost. A. how muchB. what C. no matter whatD. how expensive5. 【2011重慶】To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off _ we are to shake hands with.A. whicheverB. wheneverC. whoeverD. wherever考點2. “連接副詞 +ever ”：只能引導讓步狀語從句，可以替換為“ no matter + where / when /how ”Wherever he goes (may go)，Ill follow him. = No matter where he goes (may go), Ill follow him.無論他去哪里，我都會跟隨他。Whenever I visited him, he was always busy working.= No matter when I visited him, he was always busy working. 無論我什么時候去看他，他總是在忙于工作。6. 【xx山東】_ I have to qq 329950885 give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhoeverD. However 7. No matter _ hard it may be, I will carry it out. A. whatB. whateverC. howD. however8. If we work with a strong will, we can overe any difficulty, _ great it is.A. howB. whatC. howeverD. whatever9. 【xx上海】_ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A. However a serious problemB. What a serious problemC. However serious a problemD. What serious a problem考點3. “連接代詞+ever ”和“連接副詞+ever ” 都可用于加強語氣與原疑問詞的意思、用法完全相同，只是表達的語氣更為強烈，翻譯時可加上“到底；究竟”等。如：Which (ever) do you want to buy ？ 你(究竟)要買哪一個？When (ever) can I enjoy a long vacation？ (究竟)什么時候才能給我放個長假呢？How (ever) did you collect so much money？ 你(到底)是怎樣籌到這么多錢的？注意：這種強調(diào)的特殊疑問句往往是簡單句。如：It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever答案與解析：一些同學可能選B，理解為“這是一個有關(guān)到底誰將取得這個職位的問題”。但whoever這類詞用于強調(diào)時，往往是簡單句。所以選A?？键c4. whatever與however引導的讓步狀語從句可省去連系動詞whatever省略后面的系動詞be, however 省略后面的主語和系動詞。The old tower must be restored, whatever the cost. (cost后省略了is)In our pany, every body is well taken care of, no matter what his position (is). 在我們公司，每人都得到很好照顧，不管他地位如何。I refuse, however favorable the conditions. 不管條件如何有利，我都不干。(conditions后省去了are)Id rather have a room of my own, however small (it is), than share a room. 無論房間多么小，我寧愿一個人住一間，也不愿意與別人合住一個房間。10. _ reason, you should not have refused his invitation.A. HoweverB. What C. WhateverD. No matter11. 【xx全國I】The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit _ the season.A. whateverB. whereverC. wheneverD. however12. 【xx浙江】The old tower must be saved, _ the cost. A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. wherever考點5. 不管是引導名詞性從句還是讓步狀語從句，從句都用陳述語序（從句一般都用陳述語序。參看P. 錯誤！未定義書簽。錯誤！未找到引用源。）13. _, his wife will stand at the gate to wait for him to e back.A. However he is lateB. However is he lateC. However late he isD. However late is he14. 【xx上海春】_ tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao. A. However the weather is like B. However is the weather likeC. Whatever is the weather like D. Whatever the weather is like考點6. 讓步狀語從句也遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”規(guī)則(參看P.錯誤！未定義書簽。)注意：這類從句中應用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，從句中也常用情態(tài)動詞 may / might。Whichever dictionary you（may）take, you will have to pay at least 20 dollars. Whenever he es back, he will never escape being punished.考點7. 其他考點A. whatever與whichever如果句中明確指出選擇對象時，用whichever, 否則用whatever15. 【xx遼寧】The newer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain.A. whereverB. howeverC. whateverD. whichever16. 【xx湖南】She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do _ it takes to save her life.A. whicheverB. howeverC. whateverD. whoever17. 【xx 陜西】As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best.A whateverB. whicheverC. wheneverD. wherever18. 【xx江西】_ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.A. WhoeverB. WhateverC. WhicheverD. WhereverB. whoever與whomever這兩個詞引導名詞性從句時，既可作主句成分，又可作從句成分。用主格（whoever）還是賓格（whomever）關(guān)鍵是要看在從句中作什么成分（在現(xiàn)代英語中，常用 whoever 代替whomever）。如：This prize will be awarded to whoever runs fastest.(whoever雖然在主句中作賓語，但在從句中作主語，看在從句中作的成分，因此要用whoever, 而不用whomever)19. 【xx福建】We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. whoB. whomC. whoeverD. whomever20. 【xx重慶】To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions _ had used the products.A. whoeverB. whoC. whicheverD. which21. 【xx全國I】Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales please?A. whoB. whatC. whoeverD. whatever C. however much work雖然much work是名詞短語，但however修飾的是much, 而