高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng) 專題2 代詞與語(yǔ)篇銜接課件 新人教版.ppt

一,二,三,四,代詞是用來(lái)代替名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)的詞。代詞在語(yǔ)篇中的作用非常重要,它是基于語(yǔ)篇層次上的一個(gè)語(yǔ)法范疇。語(yǔ)篇的連貫依靠銜接關(guān)系來(lái)建立,而代詞在語(yǔ)篇中的上下文照應(yīng)關(guān)系是語(yǔ)篇銜接的最重要手段之一。,二,三,四,一,一、誤用與漏用代詞要和所指代的名詞在性、數(shù)、人稱上保持一致。有些動(dòng)詞有特殊用法,其后需要接物主代詞或反身代詞,此時(shí)不能漏用。1.物主代詞英語(yǔ)中的物主代詞根據(jù)句法功能分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。前者只能在句中作定語(yǔ),后者可以在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。Theroomisntours.Itstheirs.Mycarisunderrepair.MayIuseyours?注意:名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞Lookatthetwopencils.Theredoneisyoursandtheblueoneismine.=Lookatthetwopencils.Theredoneisyourpencilandtheblueoneismypencil.,二,三,四,一,2.物主代詞的漏用有些在英語(yǔ)中必須要用的物主代詞在漢語(yǔ)中往往無(wú)須表達(dá),注意此時(shí)不要漏掉英語(yǔ)中的物主代詞。如:她做晚飯時(shí)弄傷了手指。誤:Shecutfingerwhilecookingsupper.正:Shecutherfingerwhilecookingsupper.(3)有無(wú)物主代詞意思的區(qū)別有些表達(dá)用不用物主代詞都可以,但是意思不一樣,此時(shí)注意不要受相似結(jié)構(gòu)和短語(yǔ)的影響而用錯(cuò)物主代詞。如:不管你做什么你都不要灰心。誤:Dontloseyourheartwhateveryoudo.正:Dontloseheartwhateveryoudo.loseheart與loseonesheart僅差一個(gè)物主代詞,意思截然不同:前者意為“灰心、泄氣”;后者意為“愛(ài)上、鐘情于”。,二,三,四,一,二、反身代詞1.作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)常跟在enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,seat,dress,express,behave等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)。如:HeisteachinghimselfEnglish.他在自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。Heseatedhimselfbythewindow.他在窗子旁坐下。Helpyourselftosomefruit.吃點(diǎn)水果吧。與反身代詞連用的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞搭配如下:absentoneselffrom缺席accustomoneselfto熱心于adaptoneselfto適應(yīng)于addictoneselfin沉溺于,二,三,四,一,amuseoneselfwith/by以自?shī)蔭pplyoneselfto致力于bendoneselfto熱衷于breakoneselfof去掉習(xí)慣chargeoneselfwith承擔(dān)concernoneselfwith關(guān)心;忙于confineoneselfto局限于devoteoneselfto致力于dressoneselfin穿著engageoneselfin從事于engageoneselfto同訂婚enjoyoneself過(guò)得愉快freeoneselfof擺脫,二,三,四,一,giveoneselfto熱衷于helponeselfto隨意吃loseoneselfin入迷occupyoneselfwith從事prepareoneselffor準(zhǔn)備ridoneselfof除去exposeoneselfto暴露于;遭受throwoneselfto投身于,二,三,四,一,2.作介詞的賓語(yǔ)常在by,for,to,of等介詞后作賓語(yǔ)。byoneself單獨(dú)地;獨(dú)自地;靠自己tooneself獨(dú)自享用,不與他人共享foroneself為自己,代表自己;獨(dú)自地ofitself自動(dòng)地initself本身;本質(zhì)上betweenourselves咱們私下說(shuō)說(shuō)(不足為外人道)cometooneself蘇醒;恢復(fù)情緒saytooneself心里想talktooneself自言自語(yǔ),二,三,四,一,3.作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ),主要起加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用,譯作“親自,本身,本人”。如:Theworkitselfiseasy.這工作本身很容易。(itself作主語(yǔ)thework的同位語(yǔ))DidyouseeMr.Wanghimself?你見(jiàn)過(guò)王先生本人嗎?(himself作賓語(yǔ)Mr.Wang的同位語(yǔ))4.作表語(yǔ):在be,feel,look,seem等系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ),表示身體或精神狀態(tài)處于正常。如:Imnotmyselftoday.今天我感覺(jué)不舒服。Iamfeelingmyselfagain.我覺(jué)得健康如昔。,二,三,四,一,5.用于一些簡(jiǎn)短的會(huì)話用語(yǔ)或固定說(shuō)法中。如:Helpyourself!請(qǐng)隨便吃吧!請(qǐng)自己去取吧!Makeyourselfathome!別客氣!Dontupsetyourself!別自尋煩惱!Makeyourselfheard/understood.使你的話被人聽得見(jiàn)/理解。,二,三,四,一,二,三,四,一,Icantfindmypen.Haveyouseenit?我找不到我的鋼筆了,你看到過(guò)它嗎?Icantfindmypen.IthinkImustbuyone.我找不到我的鋼筆了,我想我得去買一支。Iwantverymuchtoseethesefilms,especiallytheoneyoumentioned.我很想看這些電影,特別是你提到的那一部。Youretheonewhoknowswheretogo.只有你知道該到哪里去。TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofGuangzhou.北京的天氣比廣州的冷。Doyouknowtheoneswhomovedhererecently?你認(rèn)識(shí)最近搬到這兒來(lái)的那些人嗎?,二,三,四,一,Itsuptoustohelpthoseinneed.我們有責(zé)任幫助那些有困難的人。Itissaidthatthosewhoeatthemostaretheleasthealthy.據(jù)說(shuō)吃得最多的人身體最差。,二,三,四,一,四、it的用法it可用作人稱代詞、指示代詞、先行詞及引導(dǎo)詞等。1.代指前文已提到過(guò)的一個(gè)事物。如:Thatvaseisvaluable.Itsmorethan200yearsold.那個(gè)花瓶很珍貴,它有200多年的歷史。2.當(dāng)說(shuō)話者不清楚或無(wú)必要知道說(shuō)話對(duì)象的性別時(shí),也可用it來(lái)表示。如:Itsalovelybaby.Isitaboyoragirl?寶寶真可愛(ài),是男孩還是女孩?3.it作沒(méi)有具體意義的主語(yǔ),出現(xiàn)于表示天氣、氣候、溫度、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、距離等意義的句子中。如:Itissixmilestothenearesthospitalfromhere.這里離最近的醫(yī)院也有六英里。,二,三,四,一,4.it也常用來(lái)表示一般的籠統(tǒng)的情況。如:Howisitgoingwithyou?你近況如何?Whenitcomestosavingenergy,bigchangesstartwithsmallsteps,liketurningoffthelights.當(dāng)提到節(jié)能的時(shí)候,大變化從細(xì)微的行動(dòng)開始,比如隨手關(guān)燈。5.it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)。it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ),本身無(wú)意義,只起一種先行引導(dǎo)的作用。后面的真正主語(yǔ)或真正賓語(yǔ)通常是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)、v.-ing或名詞性從句。如:Itisgettinghardereverydayforalazymantomakealiving.懶漢謀生是日益困難了。(it作形式主語(yǔ))Wemustmakeitcleartothepublicthatsomethingshouldbedonetostoppollution.我們必須使公眾明白應(yīng)該采取措施制止污染。(it作形式賓語(yǔ)),二,三,四,一,it充當(dāng)形式賓語(yǔ)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+consider,regard,suppose,think,believe,make,feel,find,know+it+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(名詞或形容詞)+todosth.it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)的常用句型Ittakessb.sometime/money/troubletodosth.Itcostssb.somemoney/time/energy/labourtodosth.Itisadj.forsb.todosth.(形容詞用來(lái)指明某事)Itisadj.ofsb.todosth.(形容詞用來(lái)指明人的情況)Itisnogood/nouse/useless/worthwhile/fun/awasteoftime+v.-ingIt+be+過(guò)去分詞+that.It+seems/appears/happens等不及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)+that.,二,三,四,一,6.it用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。其基本句型為:It+is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他.。ItisIwhohavedoneit.是我做的這件事。ItwasatthattimethatIthoughtofgivinghimacall.直到那時(shí)我才想起要給他一個(gè)電話。7.it還可在介詞后作賓語(yǔ),再通過(guò)that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有seeto,relyon,dependon等。如:Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.你相信好了,他們會(huì)支持你的。Theywillanswerforitthatthecomputerisreliable.他們?cè)敢獗ＷC這臺(tái)電腦是可靠的。,二,三,四,一,8.it用在不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞(詞組),尤其是表示“好惡”等的心理方面的動(dòng)詞后。如:enjoy,like,love,appreciate,dislike,hate等。即這些動(dòng)詞(詞組)后的賓語(yǔ)從句前要加it。如:Ilikeitwhentheskyisclearandbrightinautumn.我喜歡秋高氣爽的時(shí)候。,.完成句子(高考真題變式訓(xùn)練)1.Youcanaskanyoneforhelp.hereiswillingtolendyouahand.2.Whosthatatthedoor?isthemilkman.3.Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whilein,knivesandforks.4.WhenshallIcall,inthemorningorafternoon?.Illbeinallday.5.Susanmadecleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.6.Idappreciateifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.7.ShedlivedinLondonandManchester,butshelikedandmovedtoCambridge.,Everyone/Everybody,It,others,Either,it,it,neither,8.Anaverageofjust18.75cmofrainfelllastyear,makingthedriestyearsinceCaliforniabecameastatein1850.9.Asmilecosts,butgivesmuch.10.Toherjoy,Dellaearnedfirstthetrustofherstudentsandthenofhercolleagues.,it,nothing,that,.單句改錯(cuò)1.IdreamconstantlythatI,alongwithmineclassmates,willstudyhappilywiththehelpoftherespectableprofessors.2.Isincerelyhopeyoucangiveusachance.Imlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.3.ThecostofrentingahouseincentralBeijingishigherthanitinanyotherareaofthecity.4.Everyyear,millionsofpeoplevisitthePalaceMuseum,andmanyofthoseareforeigners.,答案:minemy,答案:usme,答案:itthat,答案:thosethem,5.Peoplesaymoneyistherootofallevils,butIbelievemoneyhimselfisnotbad.6.Weenjoyedverymuchatthepartylastnight.7.Variousanimalshaveshellsthatkeepthemselvesfrombeinghurt.8.Thereisapitythatsheisgoingtoleave,whichmakesusallverysad.9.Yes,whatisdifficulttofindajobnowadays,butwhatismoredifficultistotrytofindsuchagoodone.10.Youmaydependonthathewillturnupintime.,答案:himselfitself,答案:enjoyed后加ourselves,答案:themselvesthem,答案:ThereIt,答案:第一個(gè)whatit,答案:on后加it,