全國職稱英語考試 衛(wèi)生類C級(jí) 閱讀理解押題 孫偉

衛(wèi)生類閱讀重點(diǎn)文章孫老師特別提示：本文在下列國家教材中同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。第16篇Eat to Live 衛(wèi)生C新增文章(押題)第25篇 理工B第39篇 綜合A孫老師特別提示：衛(wèi)生c今年閱讀沒有新增文章，押題也就變成了猜題，極不靠普，請大家做好無原題或押不中的準(zhǔn)備！2013年衛(wèi)生閱讀押題情況沒押中，但用神表解題非常簡單共1篇文章 第十六篇Eat to Live衛(wèi)生C新增文章(押題) 第13課 (補(bǔ)充練習(xí))閱讀理解課文 Late-night Drinking 在專業(yè)第20課中已做講評(píng) 2013 原卷模擬考試與講評(píng)（1）機(jī)會(huì)只給有準(zhǔn)備的人。Opportunities are only for the prepared person. 共1篇文章 Eat to LiveA meager diet may give you health and long life, but its not much funand it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we dont start to diet until old age. Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouses liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins. Spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months oldequivalent to about 70 human years. The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical productionprobably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes. “This is the first indication that thee effects kick in pretty quickly,” says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington, D. C. No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, bus Spindler is hopeful. “Theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says. If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, out bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective. But Spindler isnt sure the trade-off is worth it. “The mice get less disease, they live longer but theyre hungry,” he says. “Even seeing what a diet does, its still hard to go to a restaurant and say: I can only eat half of that.” Spindler hopes we soon wont need to diet at all. His company, Life Span Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.練習(xí)：1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. Eating less than usual might make us live longer.B. If we go on a diet when old, we may keep healthy.C. Dieting might not be needed.D. We have to begin dieting from childhood.2. Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?A. To describe the influence of old age on mice.B. To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.C. To tell us how mices liver genes behave. D. To inform us of the process of metabolizing drugs.3. What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage?A. They will not experience free radical production.B. They will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime.C. They have more old liver genes to behave like young genes.D. They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.4. According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?A. The mice that started dieting in old age.B. 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes.C. Calorie restriction that works in people.D. Dieting that makes sure a drug is effective.5. According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes thatA. calorie restriction is very important to young peopleB. seeing the effect of a diet, people will eat less than normal.C. dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life.D. drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction. Eat to Live 為生存而食 本文中心：A meager不足的 diet節(jié)食A meager不足的diet節(jié)食may give you health and long life, but its not much fun娛樂 and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to保持住most of that youthful vigor活力 even if we dont start to diet until old age.粗茶淡飯或許能給你健康和長壽，但這并不有趣-很有可能也沒必要。即便在年老以后才 開始節(jié)食我們也能在很大程度上保持住青春活力。Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouses liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting限制 its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.加州大學(xué)Riverside分校的斯蒂芬o斯潘德爾及其同事發(fā)現(xiàn)，只要連續(xù)四周限制一些衰老的老 鼠進(jìn)食，它們的肝臟基因就會(huì)變得和衰老前一樣充滿活力。雖然老鼠的肝部基因恢復(fù)活力不會(huì)逆 轉(zhuǎn)它們在其他方面的老化，但是卻有助于這些老鼠的肝臟對(duì)藥物的新陳代謝和清除毒素。Spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations3. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed3 for a month when they were34 months oldequivalent to about 70 human years.斯潘德爾的隊(duì)員們一直給其中的三只老鼠正常量的飼料，而給另外三只老鼠正常量飼料的一半，給三只34個(gè)月大的老鼠（相當(dāng)于人類年齡的70歲）喂了一個(gè)月的半量飼料，之前這三只老鼠 的飼料量是正常的。The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation炎癥 and free radical production4probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes.研究者們檢查了這些老鼠肝臟的11,000種基因的活性，發(fā)現(xiàn)正常飼養(yǎng)的老鼠有46種基因隨年齡的改變而改變。這些改變都與炎癥和體內(nèi)自由基的產(chǎn)生有關(guān)-這對(duì)老鼠的健康來說不是什么好消息。而對(duì)于那些終身都在節(jié)食的老鼠來說，那46種基因中的27種仍然繼續(xù)保持著青春活力。但 是最令人吃驚的發(fā)現(xiàn)卻是那些只是在老年時(shí)期節(jié)食的老鼠們受益于70%的基因變異。 “This is the first indication that these effects kick in5 pretty quickly,” says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington, D.C."這只是第一個(gè)這些效果迅速起作用的暗示"，來自華盛頓特區(qū)周邊的國家老年學(xué)學(xué)院的哈勃o華納說。No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, but Spindler is hopeful. “Theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says.至今仍然沒有人清楚卡路里的控制對(duì)人類來說是否如同對(duì)老鼠那樣有效，但是斯潘德爾對(duì)此 充滿了希望："有足以引人注意的證據(jù)表明這同樣有效。"If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.如果這確實(shí)也對(duì)人類有效，我們有理由相信肝臟也可能恢復(fù)活力。舉個(gè)例子，隨著我們一天天衰老，我們的身體對(duì)藥物的新陳代謝越來越?jīng)]有效率。短時(shí)期內(nèi)的節(jié)食，斯潘德爾說到，完全足以保證藥效。But Spindler isnt sure the trade-off 交易 is worth it, 6 “The mice get less disease, they live longer, but theyre hungry,” he says. “Even seeing what a diet does, its still hard to go to a restaurant and say” I can only eat half of that.”但是斯潘德爾并不確定這個(gè)方法值得嘗試。"老鼠患病少了，壽命延長了，但是它們很饑餓，"他說，"即使能清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到節(jié)食的功效，人們?nèi)匀缓茈y在餐館中說自己只能吃一半的食物。"Spindler hopes we soon wont need to diet at all. His company, Life Span Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.斯潘德爾希望我們根本就不用節(jié)食。他的公司，加利福尼亞州的壽命遺傳學(xué)公司，正在尋找有限制卡路里效能的藥物練習(xí)：1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?根據(jù)文章，下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是不真實(shí)的？A) Eating less than usual might make us live longer.B) If we go on a diet when old, we may keep healthy.C) Dieting might not be needed.D) We have to begin dieting from childhood.2. Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph2?文章第二段中，作者為什么會(huì)提到上了年紀(jì)的老鼠？A) To describe the influence of old age on mice.B) To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.C) To tell us how mices liver genes behave.D) To inform us of the process of metabolizing使發(fā)生新陳代謝 drugs.3. What can be inferred推斷 about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage?什么可以推斷出本文提到的完全正常喂養(yǎng)的老鼠？A) They will not experience free radical production.B) They will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime.C) They have more old liver genes to behave like young genes.D) They are more likely to suffer from inflammation. 發(fā)炎4. 注意： (1) 絕對(duì)原則：答案中有all, every, only always等絕對(duì)詞一般為不正確，如被否定除外，原文中也有這些詞除外)！絕對(duì)原則主要用于 5. 對(duì)錯(cuò)選擇 NOT true, true (2) 相對(duì)原則：有may, might, can could, likely， sometimes， probably some。4. According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?根據(jù)作者觀點(diǎn)，下列哪一項(xiàng)最能引起調(diào)查者的興趣？A) The mice that started dieting in old age. B) 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes.C) Calorie restriction that works in people.D) Dieting that makes sure a drug is effective.出現(xiàn)多個(gè)數(shù)字，特別是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字時(shí)，須非常小心！5. According to the last two paragraphs. Spindler believes that根據(jù)文章最后兩段的內(nèi)容，Spindler相信：A) calorie restriction is very important to young people.B) Seeing the effect of a diet, people will eat less than normal.C) Dieting is not a good method to give us health and a long life.D) Drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction.四. 閱讀題型四大原則： 此項(xiàng)特別重要 1. 圍著中心轉(zhuǎn)（先讀有中心詞的選項(xiàng). 一般就是答案）。 2. 先讀容易的選項(xiàng)（讀的懂的）,先讀短的。 孫老師特別提示：我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，決定成敗勝負(fù)的，不一定是一個(gè)人的技術(shù)水平，而是一個(gè)人的心態(tài)。當(dāng)我們患得患失時(shí)，當(dāng)我們心有所慮時(shí)，你所有的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技巧都不可能得到最好的發(fā)揮?！胺蛑寥苏?，上窺青天，下潛黃泉，揮斥八極，神氣不變?！比耸篱g真正高明的人，向上可以看透蒼天，向下可以看清黃泉，世事萬象了然于心，在任何時(shí)刻都可以神氣不變，氣定神閑。答案與題解：1. D 第一段第一句講“節(jié)食可能不是非做不可的事”， 第二句講“即使上了年紀(jì)再節(jié)食，我們?nèi)匀挥锌赡茉诤艽蟪潭壬媳３智啻夯盍Α保虼?，“我們必須從小就開始節(jié)食”是錯(cuò)誤的，D是答案。2. B 第二段提及“一只高齡老鼠”的時(shí)候，作者談到 “只要連續(xù)四周限制它進(jìn)食，它的肝臟基因就會(huì)變得和衰老前一樣充滿活力” 據(jù)此，“為了描述節(jié)食對(duì)老鼠所產(chǎn)中的影響”最好地回答了題干中的問題。3. D 第四段提到，“正常飼養(yǎng)的老鼠隨著年齡的增長有46條肝臟基因會(huì)發(fā)生變化，這種變化與炎癥和有機(jī)體組織無限激增有關(guān)”因此，D正確。4. A 第四段最后一個(gè)句子講“但最驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)是那些上了年紀(jì)才開始節(jié)食的老鼠也能從70%的基因變化中受益”。“最驚人的”自然是“最令研究人員感興趣的”。6. C 文章的最后兩段談及Spindler對(duì)節(jié)食的看法。首先，他不能肯定節(jié)食是否值得。其次，他希望在不久的將來，我們不必節(jié)食。所以我們可以推知，他認(rèn)為節(jié)食不是得以健康長壽的好辦法。孫老師特別提示：機(jī)會(huì)只給有準(zhǔn)備的人。Opportunities are only for the prepared person. 7