畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 對(duì)注塑機(jī)的控制 中英文對(duì)照

On the control of plastic injection molding machine Modern plastic injection molding machine is a set of mechanical, electrical and fluid in one typical system, as this device has forming complex products, less post-processing, processing characteristics of the plastic variety, since its inception has grown rapidly, the current full Over 80% of the worlds products are used plastic injection molding machine for processing.Conventional injection molding machines generally use a simple open-loop control, that is, in accordance with a pre-set value of control. In the device manufacturing process, pre-configured parameter values, such as the clamping force, cycle time, temperature, etc., from the machine in the production process be maintained. For example, by controlling the die temperature can be maintained the temperature of heating fluid, plastic temperature can be outside the heating device by controlling the power to maintain. This control method of simple structure, however, poor anti-interference ability to control the temperature is relatively low.At present, more injection molding machine uses a closed-loop control, that is, according to on-line measurement value and set the value of the deviation control. Closed-loop control system uses a negative feedback loop, anti-jamming ability, when the injection speed, injection pressure, mold cavity temperature, cavity pressure, melt temperature and oil pressure due to interference in the production process, deviation of the machine through the adaptive control system for automatic correction of interference. This control method of anti-interference ability, high control accuracy. More advanced control method is to apply computer controlled, that is, to build a closed-loop real-time computer control system. It includes direct digital control system (DDC), supervisory computer control system (SCC), distributed control system (DCS) and multi-level control of several types.Commonly used injection molding machine control system has three kinds, namely, the traditional relay-based, programmable controllers and computer-based control type. In recent years, programmable logic controller (referred to as PLC) with its high reliability, high-performance characteristics in injection molding machine control system has been widely used. In order to improve the level of injection molding machine control system and quality, a higher level than the PLC, control system design specifically for small and medium programmable computer controller (PCC) came into being. PCC integrates a standard PLC and industrial control computer features, multi-task time-sharing operating systems, data computing and processing power more powerful than the PLC. PCC formed with injection molding machine control system in order to achieve, including position control, speed control, temperature control, fault control and real-time display the whole process such as injection molding a variety of control can greatly improve the quality of plastic products will help enhance economic benefits.Control of the contents of the injection molding machineInjection molding machine process control system mainly consists of two parts: First, the temperature control system in order to right barrel, melt and mold temperature control; second motion control system to the process of injection pressure, velocity and displacement multiple class switching.In the temperature control, its control accuracy has reached a 1 . Precise temperature control in precision injection molding that help improve product quality and availability of raw materials is a very important indicator. In the plastic processing, temperature control include barrel, nozzle and mold temperature control. Barrel temperature of the barrel surface heating temperature, due to relatively thick wall barrel, so the choice of thermocouple detection point is critical, and different test points on the temperature curve is a large difference. Therefore, parallel detection of double-point, namely, surface and deep in the barrel at the same time set the thermocouples, will be relatively stable temperature curve is conducive to temperature control accuracy. Nozzle melt temperature directly affects the passage of the shear flow, the quality of the products have a major impact, so the nozzle temperature control precision demanding. Mold temperature is in contact with the product mold cavity surface temperature, it will significantly affect the charge membrane, cooling and packing process. For the mold temperature control method can be used control the heat carrier temperature method can also directly control the mold temperature. In the former approach, in order to heat the temperature for the control of the export vector objects, is relatively simple and can meet the general temperature control requirements. When the temperature control precision is high generally use the second method of temperature control.Injection speed, packing pressure, back pressure is the injection of part of the sol to control the first of the three variables directly affect the accuracy of its control product quality. Modern more advanced injection molding machine equipped with 5-10 multi-stage injection speed and packing, as well as melt glue back pressure control. Generally through displacement / velocity sensors, pressure sensors, closed-loop injection control, and high response servo valves used in conjunction to achieve the process of injection molding melt glue back pressure, injection speed and packing conditions of precise control. Another relatively simple approach is to use closed-loop proportional valve, through the proportional valve spool position of their own closed-loop control to improve control precision. However, spool position is an intermediate variable, so the control accuracy somewhat less.Transfer mold process control variable is the main clamping force, clamping force and time again is stable and the necessary conditions for forming the cycle. Transfer mode control of the process should be another important variable is location. On the one hand, advanced injection molding machine constant pursuit of efficiency, directly affect the speed of transfer mold molding cycle, and quickly transfer to the deceleration control mode in itself has put forward higher requirements. On the other hand, due to special process of continuous development and promotion of position control precision molds have become increasingly demanding.PLC and PCCSince the late 20th century, 60 the United States the first programmable logic controller PLC inception, PLC control technology has gone through a 30-year development process, especially with modern computer technology and microelectronics technology, it has been in the soft hardware technology is far out of the original "sequence control" of the prototype stage. Programmable Computer Controller (PCC) is to represent the development trend of this new generation of programmable controllers.PLC compared with conventional, PCC is a for motion control, process control and network control of dedicated control system, is a standard PLC, numerical control systems and industrial performance characteristics of the computer in one of the intelligent controller. PCC is its biggest feature is similar to a large computer time-sharing multi-tasking operating systems and diverse software applications design. Most of the conventional single-task PLC clock scanning or monitoring procedures to deal with the process itself of the logic operation instructions and external I / O channel status of collection and refresh. This treatment led directly to "control the speed," depends on the size of the application, this result is no doubt that I / O channels in real-time control of the high demand religions. PCCs system software the perfect solution to this problem, it uses time-sharing mechanism to build their applications multi-tasking software operating platform, so that the application program running the length of cycle and has nothing to do, but by the decision cycle of the operating system. As a result, it will scan cycle of the application with the real distinction between the external control cycle to meet the real requirements of real-time control. Of course, this control cycle in the CPU computing power to allow the premise, according to the users actual requirements, arbitrary changes.PCC application modules from the multi-task structure, the development of application software to the project has brought great convenience. Because it can easily control the project in accordance with the various parts of the different functional requirements, such as motion control, data acquisition, alarm, PID regulator computing, communications, control, namely the preparation of a control program module (task), these modules not only operate independently, the data between one another to maintain a certain interrelated, these modules through the step by step after the independence of the development and debugging can be downloaded to the PCC along with the CPU, in the regulation and management of multi-tasking operating systems run in parallel under the joint realization of the project control requirements.PCC a single task in the preparation of the different modules with a flexible choice of the characteristics of different programming languages, which means that not only in conventional PLC has been to people familiar ladder, instruction list language can continue to be used on the PCC, but users can be used more efficient and intuitive high-level language (PL2000), which is a complete text for the control of language, BASIC technical personnel familiar with the syntax it will feel a kind of deja vu, which control requirements for the description of a very simple, intuitive. In addition, PCCs application software development also has an integrated "C" language program capacity, thus providing powerful data computing and processing power.On the hardware structure, PCC is characterized by very significant. In its core computing module inside, PCC for its CPU is equipped with multiple conventional PLC, mass storage unit (100K/16M), this is undoubtedly a powerful system and application software provides a hardware-based monitoring. PCC on the hardware features, but also reflected in its various signals for industrial site designed many dedicated interface module, such as the high-frequency pulses, incremental encoder, temperature, weighing signal and ultrasonic signal interface module. They will all forms of on-site signal is very convenient to PCC joint into the core of the digital control system, the user may need to use the systems hardware I / O channels in a single road, road, or dozens of way more than a decade as a unit module carried out dozens of point-to-hundreds of thousands of point-point expansion and networking.PCC in the industrial control powerful advantages, and demonstrate the programmable controllers and industrial control computers and DCS (Distributed Industrial Control System) technology, the development trend of convergence, although this is still a relatively young technology, but in its more come more and more application areas, it is increasingly demonstrating its potential for development can not be underestimated. For the injection molding machine, the current widespread application of the PLC control system, but as technology advances, personalized, customized products, growing demand for injection molding machine control requirements more complex, higher and higher precision, PCC as a more advanced control system, will gradually occupy a certain market share. On the other hand, for the future network-based production requirements, obviously, PCC control system more competitive edge, so we have reason to believe, PCC control system will be in the future take place in the field of injection molding machines.This information comes from 【W(wǎng)ishsino Plastic Injection Molding Company Website】 對(duì)注塑機(jī)的控制現(xiàn)代塑料注塑機(jī)是一個(gè)典型的系統(tǒng)集機(jī)械，電氣和流體，此設(shè)備已形成了復(fù)雜的產(chǎn)品，少的后處理，加工各種塑料的特性，自成立以來(lái)發(fā)展迅速，目前全過(guò)世界上的產(chǎn)品80用于加工塑料注塑成型機(jī)。傳統(tǒng)的注塑機(jī)一般采用簡(jiǎn)單的開(kāi)環(huán)控制，即按照預(yù)先設(shè)定值的控制。 在設(shè)備制造過(guò)程中，預(yù)先設(shè)定的參數(shù)值，如從機(jī)器的鎖模力，循環(huán)時(shí)間，溫度等，在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中予以保留。 例如，通過(guò)控制模具溫度可以維持加熱流體的溫度，塑料溫度可控制電源，以保持外加熱裝置。 這種結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單的控制方法，然而，窮人的抗干擾能力，控制溫度也比較低。目前，更多的注塑機(jī)采用閉環(huán)控制，即根據(jù)上線的測(cè)量值和設(shè)定值的偏差控制。 閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)采用了負(fù)反饋回路，抗干擾能力強(qiáng)，當(dāng)注射速度，注射壓力，模腔溫度，模腔壓力，熔體溫度和壓力油，由于干擾，在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中通過(guò)機(jī)器的偏差自適應(yīng)控制系統(tǒng)的干擾進(jìn)行自動(dòng)修正。 這一控制方法抗干擾能力強(qiáng)，控制精度高。 更先進(jìn)的控制方法是應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)控制，就是建立一個(gè)閉環(huán)實(shí)時(shí)計(jì)算機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)。 它包括直接數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)（DDC），監(jiān)督計(jì)算機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)（SCC），分布式控制系統(tǒng)（DCS）和多層次的幾種類(lèi)型的控制。常用的注塑機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)有三種，即傳統(tǒng)的基于繼電器，可編程控制器和基于計(jì)算機(jī)的控制類(lèi)型。 近年來(lái)，可編程邏輯控制器（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為PLC）以其高可靠性，高性能的特點(diǎn)在注塑機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)已被廣泛使用。 為了提高注塑機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)和質(zhì)量水平更高的水平，比PLC控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)專(zhuān)門(mén)為中小型可編程計(jì)算機(jī)控制器（PCC）的應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。 政協(xié)集成了一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的PLC和工業(yè)控制計(jì)算機(jī)的功能，多任務(wù)分時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)，數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算和處理能力比PLC更強(qiáng)大。 政協(xié)形成了注塑機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)包括位置控制，速度控制，溫度控制，故障控制和實(shí)時(shí)顯示整個(gè)過(guò)程中，如注塑成型的各種控制，可以大大提高塑料制品的質(zhì)量有利于提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益?？刂谱⑺軝C(jī)的內(nèi)容注塑機(jī)過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)主要由兩部分組成：一是溫度控制系統(tǒng)，為了權(quán)利桶，熔體和模具的溫度控制;第二項(xiàng)議案注射壓力，速度和位移的多級(jí)交換過(guò)程的控制系統(tǒng)。在溫度控制，其控制精度達(dá)到了1。 在精密注塑精確的溫度控制，有助于提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和原料的可用性是非常重要的指標(biāo)。 在塑料加工中，溫度控制主要包括料筒，噴嘴和模具的溫度控制。 料筒溫度，料筒表面加熱溫度，由于料筒的壁比較厚，因此熱電偶檢測(cè)點(diǎn)的選擇是至關(guān)重要的，在不同的溫度曲線測(cè)試點(diǎn)是一個(gè)很大的區(qū)別。 因此，雙點(diǎn)，即表面，在同一時(shí)間在每桶深平行檢測(cè)設(shè)置熱電偶，將是相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的溫度曲線，有利于溫度控制精度。 噴嘴熔融溫度直接影響剪切流的推移，產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量有重要影響，因此噴嘴溫度的控制精度要求。 模具溫度是在接觸與產(chǎn)品模具型腔表面溫度，它會(huì)顯著影響充膜，冷卻和包裝過(guò)程。 對(duì)于模具溫度控制方法可用于控制熱載體溫度的方法也可以直接控制模具溫度。 前一種方法中，以加熱載體的出口對(duì)象的控制溫度，相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，并能滿足一般的溫度控制要求。 當(dāng)溫度控制精度高，一般使用溫度控制的第二種方法。注射速度，保壓壓力，背壓是注射部分溶膠控制的三個(gè)變量直接影響其控制產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的準(zhǔn)確性。 現(xiàn)代更先進(jìn)的注塑機(jī)配備5-10多級(jí)注射速度和包裝，以及熔膠背壓控制。 一般通過(guò)位移/速度傳感器，壓力傳感器，閉環(huán)注射控制，高響應(yīng)伺服閥配合使用，實(shí)現(xiàn)注塑成型工藝，熔膠背壓，注射速度和精確控制的條件下包裝。 另一種比較簡(jiǎn)單的方法是采用閉環(huán)比例閥，通過(guò)比例閥閥芯自己的閉環(huán)控制的位置，以提高控制精度。 然而，閥芯位置是一個(gè)中間變量，因此控制精度稍差。傳輸模過(guò)程控制變量是主要的鎖模力，鎖模力和時(shí)間，又是穩(wěn)定的成型周期的必要條件。 傳輸模式控制過(guò)程應(yīng)該是另一個(gè)重要的變量是位置。 一方面，先進(jìn)的注塑機(jī)不斷追求效率，直接影響轉(zhuǎn)移模具成型周期的速度，并迅速轉(zhuǎn)移本身的減速控制模式提出了更高的要求。 另一方面，由于特殊工藝的不斷發(fā)展和推廣的位置控制精密模具的要求越來(lái)越高。PLC與PCC自20世紀(jì)后期以來(lái)，60，美國(guó)第一臺(tái)可編程邏輯控制器PLC以來(lái)，PLC控制技術(shù)已走過(guò)了30年的發(fā)展過(guò)程，尤其是與現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和微電子技術(shù)，在軟，硬件技術(shù)已遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)出原來(lái)的“順序控制”的原型階段。 可編程計(jì)算機(jī)控制器（PCC）就是代表這新一代可編程控制器的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。與傳統(tǒng)的PLC相比，PCC是一種用于運(yùn)動(dòng)控制，過(guò)程控制和網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制的專(zhuān)用控制系統(tǒng)，是一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)PLC，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)和工業(yè)計(jì)算機(jī)的性能于一體的智能控制器的特點(diǎn)。 PCC是其最大的特點(diǎn)是類(lèi)似于大型計(jì)算機(jī)的分時(shí)多任務(wù)操作系統(tǒng)和多樣化的應(yīng)用軟件的設(shè)計(jì)。 最傳統(tǒng)的單任務(wù)的PLC時(shí)鐘掃描或監(jiān)控程序處理過(guò)程本身的邏輯運(yùn)算指令和外部I / O通道的狀態(tài)收集和刷新。 這種待遇，直接導(dǎo)致“控制速度”，在應(yīng)用程序的大小取決于，這個(gè)結(jié)果是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的高要求宗教在實(shí)時(shí)控制I / O通道。 PCC的系統(tǒng)軟件的完美解決方案這個(gè)問(wèn)題，它采用分時(shí)機(jī)制構(gòu)建自己的應(yīng)用程序多任務(wù)的軟件操作平臺(tái)，使應(yīng)用程序運(yùn)行周期的長(zhǎng)短和無(wú)關(guān)，但是，在決策周期操作系統(tǒng)。 作為一個(gè)結(jié)果，它會(huì)掃描應(yīng)用的周期同真正外部的控制周期之間的區(qū)別，以滿足實(shí)時(shí)控制的實(shí)際需求。 當(dāng)然，這在控制循環(huán)的CPU運(yùn)算能力允許的前提下，根據(jù)用戶的實(shí)際要求，任意更改。PCC的應(yīng)用程序模塊，從多任務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用軟件開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目帶來(lái)了極大的便利。 因?yàn)樗梢院苋菀椎乜刂祈?xiàng)目按照不同的功能要求的各個(gè)部分，如運(yùn)動(dòng)控制，數(shù)據(jù)采集，報(bào)警，PID調(diào)節(jié)運(yùn)算，通信，控制，即編制的控制程序模塊（任務(wù)），這些模塊不僅獨(dú)立運(yùn)作，彼此之間的數(shù)據(jù)，以保持一定的相互關(guān)聯(lián)的步驟，通過(guò)這些模塊后，獨(dú)立開(kāi)發(fā)和調(diào)試的步驟可以下載到該委員會(huì)與CPU一起，在調(diào)控和管理多并行運(yùn)行任務(wù)操作系統(tǒng)下，共同實(shí)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)目的控制要求。寶成單個(gè)任務(wù)在不同的模塊準(zhǔn)備，用不同的編程語(yǔ)言，這意味著不僅在常規(guī)PLC一直到人們熟悉的階梯的特點(diǎn)靈活選擇，指令表語(yǔ)言委員會(huì)可以繼續(xù)使用，但用戶可以使用更加高效和直觀的高級(jí)語(yǔ)言（PL2000），這是一個(gè)完整的文字語(yǔ)言控制，基本熟悉語(yǔ)法的技術(shù)人員會(huì)感到一種似曾相識(shí)的感覺(jué)，這說(shuō)明控制要求一個(gè)非常簡(jiǎn)單的，直觀的。 此外，PCC的應(yīng)用軟件的開(kāi)發(fā)還具有集成“C”語(yǔ)言程序的能力，從而提供了強(qiáng)大的數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算和處理能力。在硬件結(jié)構(gòu)，PCC的特點(diǎn)非常顯著。 在其核心計(jì)算模塊內(nèi)部，PCC為其CPU配備有多個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的PLC，大容量存儲(chǔ)單元（100K/16M），這無(wú)疑是一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)用軟件提供了基于硬件的監(jiān)控。 PCC的硬件功能，而且還體現(xiàn)在各種信號(hào)設(shè)計(jì)了許多專(zhuān)用的接口模塊，如高頻脈沖，增量式編碼器，溫度，稱(chēng)重信號(hào)及超聲波信號(hào)接口模塊為工業(yè)用地，。 他們將各種形式的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)信號(hào)是很方便的到寶成聯(lián)合成數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)的核心，用戶可能需要將系統(tǒng)的硬件I / O通道在一個(gè)單一的道路，道路或幾十方法比十年作為一個(gè)單元模塊進(jìn)行了成千上萬(wàn)的點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)的擴(kuò)大和網(wǎng)絡(luò)點(diǎn)至數(shù)百數(shù)十家。PCC在工業(yè)控制中強(qiáng)大的優(yōu)勢(shì)，并展示了可編程控制器與工業(yè)控制計(jì)算機(jī)及DCS（分布式工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)）技術(shù)，融合的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，雖然這仍然是一個(gè)相對(duì)年輕的技術(shù)，但在其多來(lái)越來(lái)越多的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，它正日益顯示出其發(fā)展?jié)摿Σ豢傻凸馈?注塑機(jī)，目前的PLC控制系統(tǒng)的廣泛應(yīng)用，但隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，個(gè)性化，定制產(chǎn)品，注塑機(jī)的控制要求的日益增長(zhǎng)的需求更加復(fù)雜，精度高，寶成更先進(jìn)的控制系統(tǒng)，將逐步占據(jù)一定的市場(chǎng)份額。 另一方面，為未來(lái)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)為基礎(chǔ)的生產(chǎn)要求，顯然，PCC控制系統(tǒng)更具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，所以我們有理由相信，PCC控制系統(tǒng)在未來(lái)將是發(fā)生在注塑機(jī)領(lǐng)域。