新人教選修7 Unit3 Under the sea語法講解課件

語 態(tài)時 態(tài) 主 動 形 式 被 動 形 式一 般 式完 成 式 (not) doing (not) being done(not)having done (not)having been done 二: V-ing 可作主語、賓語、表語; 定語、狀語和賓語補足語，但不能單獨作謂語。 V-ing 形式表示的動作與主要動詞同時發(fā)生或發(fā)生在主要動詞之后，用其一般式; V-ing 形式表示的動作在主要動詞之前發(fā)生，用其完成時，在具體應用中也常以一般式代替完成式。 V-ing 的用法： 1.作 主 語 Swimming is good for health. _ (raise) your hat to a a lady is good manners . 對 一 位 女 士 脫 帽 致 敬 是 禮 貌 的 。 _ (kill) by sharks in the sea is a common thing .RaisingBeing killed 2. 作表語 Teaching is learning. 教學相長 My hobby is _ (make) model planes. What worried the child most was _ (not, allow) to visit his mother in the hospital .makingnot being allowed 注 意 ：動 名 詞 和 不 定 式 都 可 以 作 主 語 ， 動 名 詞 作 主語 表 示 一 般 或 抽 象 的 多 次 性 行 為 ， 不 定 式 作主 語 往 往 表 示 具 體 的 或 一 次 性 的 動 作 。 如 ：Playing with fire is dangerous. （ 泛 指 玩 火 ）To play with fire will be dangerous.（ 指 一 具 體 動 作 ） 2). V-ing形式和不定式都要有對稱性;當主語是不定式時，表語也用不定式；反之，當主語是 V-ing 形式時，表語也用 V-ing 形式。 To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.注 意 3). Its no use (good) doing sth Its a waste of time doing sth it 作形式主語, 只用V-ing,不用不定式。 It is + adj. + (for sb ) to do sth It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。 It is a waste of time _ (talk) to him . It is important for me _ (learn) English .talking to learn 1._ the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail. 2. _ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His making 3. I dont think its much good _ to him. A. writing B. to write C. write D. written 4. Such books are not worthy _ at all. A. of being read B. being read C. reading D. to read 5.It is no use _ without through _. A. to read; understood B. reading; understanding C. to read; understand D. read; to understandExercises 3.作賓語 V-ing 形式既可作動詞的賓語, 也可作介詞的賓語。 We would appreciate hearing from you 我們會珍惜你的來信。 The bird escaped _ (catch) . I feel like _ (join) the army. He was afraid of _ (abandon) by us. being abandonedbeing caught joining 注 意 ： 在 avoid, admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on , instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on等 后 只 接 V-ing形 式 作 賓語 。 p 避免錯過少延期p 建議完成多聯(lián)系p 喜歡想象禁不住p 承認否定與嫉妒p 逃避冒險莫原諒p 忍受保持不介意 Exercises1.The thief entered the room without _. A. noticing B. being noticed C. having noticed D. having been noticed2. Besides _, she is kind and tender.A. beautiful B. being beautiful C. she beautiful D. is beautiful3. When he heard the big noise, Tom stopped _ and _ to the window to see what was happening. A. to read; went B. reading; to go C. reading; going D. reading; went 4.I am busy _ for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ housework at home. A. preparing; doing B. preparing; to do C. to prepare; doing D. to prepare; to do 注 意 在 want， need， require， deserve等 動 詞 之 后作 賓 語 時 ， 常 用 動 名 詞 的 主 動 式 表 示 被 動 意 義 。Your car needs filling. 你 這 車 要 充 氣 了 。This city deserves visiting. 這 座 城 市 值 得 光 顧 一 下 。The problem requires studying carefully .這 個 問 題 需 要 認 真 研 究 。The trees want watering .這 些 樹 需 要 澆 水 了 。 在 （ be） worth后 面 只 能 用 動 名 詞 的 主 動 態(tài)來 表 示 被 動 意 義 。His suggestion is worth considering.The book is worth reading. 在 allow， advise， forbid， permit等 動 詞 后直 接 跟 動 名 詞 形 式 作 賓 語 ， 如 果 后 面 有 名 詞 或 代詞 作 賓 語 ， 其 后 用 動 詞 不 定 式 作 賓 語 補 足 語 。 如 ：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 1.Sorry, we dont allow _ in the lecture room. A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking2. . They dont permit _ noise her. A. to make B. make C. making D. made3. The sentence wants _ once more. A. to explain B. explaining C. being explained D. to be explained it4. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch Exercises 5. Ali said that she wouldnt mind _ alone at home. A. left B. being left C. to be left D. leaving6. She _ the key. A. admitted taking B. admitted taking C. admitted having taken D. admitted to have taken7. Did you enjoy yourself last night? Its very nice of you. I appreciated _ to the party. A. to be invited B. to have invited C. being invited D. having been invited8. While were developing agriculture and industry, we must prevent the earth _. A. from polluting B. polluted C. polluting D. being polluted 4. 作 定 語 The girl standing there is my sister . This is a piece of _ (surprise) news . The problem_ (discuss) now is very important. The farmers _ (work) in the fields are tired .surprising being discussed working 5. 作 狀 語 Hearing the good news , he jumped with joy . He sat at the table , _ ( read ) China Daily . _ (ask) to answer the question, she couldnt refuse. _ ( work ) hard , you will succeed . readingWorkingBeing asked 6. 作 賓 語 補 足 語 : I saw people coming and going in the street . I heard her _ (sing) a song in her room. Youll find the topic _ (discuss) everywhere now. being discussedsinging 7.- Ving 一 般 時 和 一 般 時 的 被 動 形 式 ;1) He hurried home , looking behind from time to time . 2) The building being repaired is our dormitory . - Ving 的 完 成 時 和 完 成 時 的 被 動 形 式1) Having lit a candle , she went out.2) Having been asked to stay , I couldnt leave .3) Having heard this , our teacher expressed her satisfaction . 8. 在絕大數(shù)情況下，ving的邏輯主語是句子的主語，但有時前可有一個名詞或代詞表示視神經(jīng)邏輯上的主語，這種帶邏輯主語的稱為獨立結構。 The meeting being over, we all left the room and drove home. 會議結束后，我們都離開房間開車走了。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都關門了。 9. 有少數(shù)并不表示句子主語的動作，而是表示說話人的態(tài)度。 Generally speaking, the novel is not very inspiring. 總的來說，這部小說并不感人。 Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. 從你說的情況看，他應能成功。 Practice1. - What made Bill so angry? - _. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasnt come yet. A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept waiting C. To be kept waiting D. Being kept waited 2. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it. A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being built 3. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch 4. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 5. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching 6. _ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film. A. Having been told B . H a v i n g t o l d C. Been told D. Telling Fill in the blanks :1._ (turn) to the right , you will find the place you want .2. _ (ask) to put on performance , she refused .3. _ (finish) his work , Henry went home .4. _ (learn) new words is useful.TurningBeing asked Having finished Learning 5. He disliked _ (interrupt) in his experiment .6. I apologize for _ (not, wait) for you .7. _ (not, receive) an answer , I wrote to him again .8. _ (give) such a good chance , you should catch it .being interrupted not having waited Not having received Having been given 9. I didnt mind _ (leave) at home .10. The house wants _ (clean).11. He came in without _ (ask).12. _ (show) around the library , we were taken to see the lab. being leftcleaningbeing askedHaving been shown 鞏固練習： 1. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 2. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot_ A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 3. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling 4. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. To take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 5. I must apologize for _ ahead of time. That all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know 6. You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 7. He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner. A. been called B. called C. having called D. being called 8. Do you mind _ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be left 9. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in 10. Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life. A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying 12. What do you think made Mary so upset? _ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 13. Let me tell you something about the journalists. Dont you remember _the story yesterday? A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told 14. One learns a language by making mistakes and _them. A. correct B. Correcting C. corrects D. to correct 15. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. A. hed like to collect coin as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 鞏固練習: 16. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 17. _ your homework, you mustnt listen to music. A. When do B. When to do C. When doing D. When you doing 18. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 19. _ the idiom, he looked it up in the dictionary. A. Not learning B. Never having learned C. Having not learned D. Having never learned 20. It rained heavily, _ severe flooding in the country. A. causing B. to cause C. caused D. having caused 21. Any driver _ a license ought to be punished. A. doesnt have B. having not C. has not D. not having 22. The missing boys were last seen _ playing on the playground. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 23. _ to put on a performance, Miss Green couldnt refuse very well. A. Being asked B. Asked C. Ask D. To be asked