2019-2020年高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 閱讀理解 專題一 閱讀理解 第5講 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題即時演練.doc

2019-2020年高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 閱讀理解 專題一 閱讀理解 第5講 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題即時演練xx重慶一中一診The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is of great importance to African ecosystem (生態(tài)系統(tǒng)). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a big planteater, it largely shapes the forestandsavanna (稀樹草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting_the_terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat (棲息地) It is the elephants great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerousopen spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant eaters.Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations，the forests bee suitable for large hoofed plant eaters to move around and for small plant eaters to get their food as well.What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has bee an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.本文主要講述的就是在非洲草原的生物鏈中大象的重要作用，它不斷的尋找食物拓寬了其他動物的生存空間等。1What is the passage mainly about?ADisappearance of African elephants.BForests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.CThe effect of African elephants search for food.DThe eating habit of African elephants.答案：C 考查主旨大意。本文主要講述的就是在非洲草原的生物鏈中大象的重要作用，它不斷的尋找食物拓寬了其他動物的生存空間等。故C正確。2What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?AFixing the time. BWorsening the state.CImproving the quality. DDeciding the conditions.答案：D 考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)文章“As a big plant eater, it largely shapes the forestandsavanna(稀樹草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.”說明非洲大象塑造了草原的環(huán)境，也決定了其他動物的生存條件。故D項正確。3What do we know about the open spaces in the passage?AThey result from the destruction of rain forests.BThey provide food mainly for African elephants.CThey are home to many endangered animals.DThey are attractive to planteating animals of different kinds.答案：D 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章“This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant eaters”說明開放的空間對于其他的食草動物也很重要。故D項正確。4The passage is developed mainly by_.Ashowing the effect and then explaining the causesBpointing out similarities and differencesCdescribing the changes in space orderDgiving examples答案：A考查篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。本文主要通過描述大象的行為帶來的具體影響以及對這些影響的原因的解釋。故A項正確。1existence n. 存在2desire v/n. 欲望；要求3numerous adj. 許多的；很多的4situation n. 情況；形勢5vast adj. 廣闊的；巨大的1of great importance 很重要的2to a great extent 在很大程度上3result in 導(dǎo)致原文：It is the elephants great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)譯文：正是大象對食物的欲望使它成為環(huán)境的破壞者和棲息地的修建者。仿寫：It_was_the_culture_rather_than_the_language_that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.是文化而不是語言，使他很難適應(yīng)國外的新環(huán)境。Bxx西安下學(xué)期月考 With the development of society, the choice of food and drinks for children is more diversified than ever before. However, every coin has two sides. Many facts suggest that children are overweightand the situation is getting worse, according to the statistics. I feel there are a number of reasons for this. Some people blame the fact that we are surroundedby shops selling unhealthy，fatty foods, such as fried chicken and ice cream, at low prices. This has turned out a whole generation of grownups who seldom cook a meal for themselves. If there were fewer of these restaurants then probably children would buy less takeaway food. There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to bee overweight. I agree to this, because good eating habits begin early in life, long before children start to visit fast food shops. If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food, or are always allowed to choose what they eat, they will go for sweet and salty foods every time, and this will carry on throughout their lives. There is a third reason for this situation. Children these days take very little exercise. They do not walk to school. When they get home, they sit in front of the television or their puters. Not only is this an unhealthy pastime (消遣), it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food. What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports. The above are the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, as well as guiding them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.本文是健康類短文，本文第一段是一個中心段，提出兒童肥胖的問題，在2,3,4段中分別給出一個原因。在文章最后一段進(jìn)行了總結(jié)提出了解決問題的方法。5What is suggested by the author to deal with “overw- eight”？ABlaming the shops selling unhealthy and fatty foods.BAsking young children to walk to school every day.CLiving an active life and removing bad eating habits.DNot watching TV or playing puter games after school.答案：C 考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章最后一段“The above are the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, as well as guiding them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.”可知作者給出的建議是要過著更為積極的生活而且要把一些不好的飲食習(xí)慣去除掉。故C項正確。6Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?答案：B 考查篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。本文第一段是一個中心段，提出兒童肥胖的問題，在2,3,4段中分別給出一個原因。在文章最后一段進(jìn)行了總結(jié)提出了解決問題的方法。屬于總分總的結(jié)構(gòu)，故B正確。7The author writes the passage to_.Ashow people a social problemBprovide facts for governmentCadvise solutions to a problemDpare opinions with people答案：C 考查推理判斷。本文先提出一個問題：兒童肥胖；在2,3,4段中分析出現(xiàn)這一問題的原因，最后一段中提出對于這個問題的解決方法。作者寫本文的目的是在于對一個問題的解決方法提出的建議。故C項正確。8The underlined word“diversified”in the first paragraph most probably means_.Avarious BdifficultCexpensive Davailable答案：A 考查推理判斷。根據(jù)本句“With the development of society, the choice of food and drinks for children is more diversified than ever before”可知現(xiàn)在的兒童在食物的選擇方面很豐富，同時也帶來了很大的問題。所以本詞表示的是多種多樣的；亦可根據(jù)diversity來猜測該詞的意思與多樣化有關(guān)，故A項正確。1overweight adj. 超重的；過重的2statistics n. 數(shù)據(jù)；統(tǒng)計3blame n/v. 責(zé)備；歸咎于4surround v. 包圍，圍繞5unhealthy adj. 不健康的1with the development of 隨著的發(fā)展2a number of 許多的；大量的3agree to 同意；接受原文：Not only is this an unhealthy pastime, it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food.(倒裝句)譯文：這不僅僅是一種不健康的消遣方式，而且也給他們吃更多不健康食物的時間。仿寫：Not_only_has_she_been_late_three_times_in_the_past_ three_days,_she has also done no work.她在過去的三天不僅遲到過三次，還沒干一點活。