2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 語(yǔ)法專題突破 專題十三 復(fù)合句（含歷年中考真題）.doc

2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 語(yǔ)法專題突破 專題十三 復(fù)合句（含歷年中考真題）考點(diǎn)分析解讀甘肅中考對(duì)復(fù)合句的考查重點(diǎn)是賓語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)候還會(huì)將兩者混合在一道題中。對(duì)狀語(yǔ)從句的考查主要以連詞為主，復(fù)合句涉題語(yǔ)境豐富，偶爾涉及熱點(diǎn)信息和地方特色，具體包括以下三點(diǎn)：1. 賓語(yǔ)從句：考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序引導(dǎo)詞、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)序，對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞和語(yǔ)序考查的比較多，同時(shí)涉及到疑問(wèn)詞+不定式這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。2. 定語(yǔ)從句的考查只涉及引導(dǎo)詞的考查，其中考查較多的引導(dǎo)詞包括why, who, where, which等。3. 狀語(yǔ)從句在甘肅中考中涉及兩方面的考查：從屬連詞的辨析；考查狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。重難點(diǎn)精講(懶人聽(tīng)講解)考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)一 賓語(yǔ)從句近3年考查12次1. 連接詞連詞that引導(dǎo)由陳述句變來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句。that.and/but that.引導(dǎo)由并列或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的陳述句變來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句。連詞if或whether引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句。連接代詞、副詞(即疑問(wèn)詞)引導(dǎo)由特殊疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：I know(that) hes a teacher.我知道他是一名教師。Could you tell me if/whether it snows in winter in Australia?你能告訴我澳大利亞冬天下雪嗎？Please tell me how you go to school.請(qǐng)告訴我你怎樣去學(xué)校。2. 賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序如：Do you know where Tom lives?你知道湯姆住在哪里嗎？3. 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)如果主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)不受限制，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。如果主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)只能用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如果賓語(yǔ)從句為客觀真理或普遍事實(shí)，則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如果賓語(yǔ)從句是由when引導(dǎo)的從句或帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的從句，則when引導(dǎo)的從句或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)不變。如果賓語(yǔ)從句中含有過(guò)去具體的年、月、日時(shí)，則其時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。如：I hear Joan left for Beijing yesterday.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)瓊昨天去了北京。I hear Joan has left for Beijing.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)瓊已經(jīng)去了北京。I hear Joan will leave for Beijing.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)瓊將要去北京。Kate said she was watching TV this time yesterday.凱特說(shuō)她昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候正在看電視。Kate said she was going to school soon.凱特說(shuō)她很快要去學(xué)校。Kate said she had seen the film before.凱特說(shuō)她之前已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電影了。Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun.胡老師說(shuō)地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。The teacher wanted to know when the girl was born.老師想知道這個(gè)女孩是什么時(shí)候出生的。Tom said he had worked here since he left school.湯姆說(shuō)他自從離開(kāi)學(xué)校后一直在這兒工作?？键c(diǎn)二 定語(yǔ)從句近3年考查12次關(guān)系詞功能先行詞that, who主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whom, that賓語(yǔ)人物that, which主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)事物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因例如：where狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)whose定語(yǔ)人、物考點(diǎn)三 狀語(yǔ)從句甘肅中考對(duì)狀語(yǔ)從句的考查包括兩方面：引導(dǎo)詞的考查；主將從現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的考查。類別連詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when/while/as 當(dāng)時(shí)，since自從(到現(xiàn)在)，until/till 直到，as soon as 一就條件狀語(yǔ)從句if如果原因狀語(yǔ)從句because因?yàn)? since既然， as由于目的狀語(yǔ)從句so that以便；為了結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so that結(jié)果是， so/such.that.如此以至于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句although/though盡管比較狀語(yǔ)從句than比, as.as.和一樣not so/as.as.不如方式狀語(yǔ)從句as像；如地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句where 哪里注意：英語(yǔ)中時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句必須遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，即主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，它所引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)將來(lái)的意思，這時(shí)主句和從句所表達(dá)的時(shí)態(tài)在意義上仍然保持一致。常見(jiàn)的應(yīng)使用“主將從現(xiàn)”原則的連詞有：表示時(shí)間的when, while, after, before, until, till, whenever, as soon as, as long as, once等；表示條件的if, unless, so long as, in case等。如： I was doing my homework when he came.當(dāng)他來(lái)的時(shí)候我正在做作業(yè)。Wewill go to see you if we are free.如果我們有時(shí)間就去看你。Since everyone is here, lets begin the meeting.既然大家都到了，我們開(kāi)會(huì)吧。Please speak slowly so that we can follow you.請(qǐng)說(shuō)慢一點(diǎn)以便于我們能跟上你。We got up so late that we missed the early bus.我們起得太晚以至于錯(cuò)過(guò)了早班車。The air is around us, though we cannot see it.空氣就在我們周圍，盡管我們看不見(jiàn)它。It was much better than Iwould expected.它比我期望得要好多了。We did as the teacher told us to.我們按照老師說(shuō)的去做。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。考點(diǎn)四 復(fù)合句使用時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)賓語(yǔ)從句在介詞之后、動(dòng)詞不定式之前或在or之前，只用whether, 不用if。I cant decide whether to buy this bike or not.狀語(yǔ)從句在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)。I will tell him about it when he es tomorrow.I wont go to the cinema if he doesnt e tomorrow.定語(yǔ)從句先行詞是all, few, little, something, everything, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that。All that he said is true.先行詞被only, no, any, all等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that。This is the only thing that my father bought for me.先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that。This is the second book that I have read.先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只能用that。This is the best book that I have read this year.先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)，只能用that。We talked about the people and things that we remembered.在介詞后只能用which。The house in which I lived has been sold.專題十四情景交際考點(diǎn)分析解讀情景交際在甘肅各地市的考題中都會(huì)涉及，各地考查數(shù)量不一，數(shù)量會(huì)在17道。在2011年省卷中考查最多。xx年張掖、平?jīng)觥足y、酒泉等地的單選中涉及6道情景交際。話題以課本和課標(biāo)中常見(jiàn)的話題為主。?？荚掝}包括感謝及應(yīng)答、道歉、建議、意愿、邀請(qǐng)等就餐、問(wèn)路等?？疾閷W(xué)生在具體語(yǔ)境中靈活運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力，考生應(yīng)熟練掌握日常表達(dá)用語(yǔ)。重難點(diǎn)精講(懶人聽(tīng)講解)1.感謝感謝某人Thank you./Thank you very much. （非常）謝謝你。Thanks./Thanks a lot./Many thanks. （非常）謝謝。Thanks/Thank you for. （因）感謝你。Itis very kind of you. 你真是太好了。Thanks. That would be nice. 謝謝，那太好了。應(yīng)答Not at all./Thatis OK./Thats all right./Youare wele./Itis a pleasure./My pleasure.不用謝。/不客氣。2.道歉當(dāng)要麻煩別人時(shí)：Excuse me./I beg your pardon.打擾一下。/請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f(shuō)一遍。當(dāng)做錯(cuò)某事時(shí)：Sorry./Iam sorry for /Iam sorry that 對(duì)不起回答道歉時(shí)的答語(yǔ)：Thatis all right./Thatis OK./Never mind./Itis nothing./It does not matter.沒(méi)關(guān)系。/沒(méi)什么。3.祝愿和祝賀Good luck(to you)! 祝你好運(yùn)！Merry Christmas! 祝你圣誕節(jié)快樂(lè)！Happy New Year! 新年快樂(lè)！Happy birthday! 生日快樂(lè)！Congratulations! 祝賀你！Have a good time! 祝你玩得開(kāi)心！The same to you. 同樣祝福你。4.意愿Iam going to pick apples. 我將去摘蘋果。Iwould like you to meet my parents, too.我也想讓你見(jiàn)見(jiàn)我的父母親。I want to take some books to the classroom.我想拿一些書(shū)去教室。I hope you have a good time. 我希望你過(guò)得愉快。5.邀請(qǐng)和應(yīng)答邀請(qǐng)和應(yīng)答Will you e to my party?你能來(lái)參加我的宴會(huì)嗎？Would you like to go for a walk?你想去散步嗎？May I invite you to dinner?我可以請(qǐng)你吃飯嗎？接受邀請(qǐng)時(shí)的答語(yǔ)：Yes, Iwould like/love to.是的，我愿意。Yes. Itis very kind of you.是的，你真是太好了。That would be nice.那太好了。拒絕邀請(qǐng)時(shí)的答語(yǔ)：No, thank you.不，謝謝你。Iwould love/like to, but我想，但是6.提供（幫助等）和應(yīng)答Can I help you? 我能幫忙嗎？What can I do for you? 我能為你做些什么？Let me help you. 讓我來(lái)幫你。7.請(qǐng)求Can/Could you. for me? 你能替我做嗎？Will/Would you please.? 你可不可以？Please hurry. 請(qǐng)快點(diǎn)。8.勸告和建議Youwould better ask that woman. 你最好問(wèn)問(wèn)那位婦女。Why donnot you go to the park?/Why not go to the park? 為什么不去公園呢？How/What about going out for a walk? 去散步怎么樣？Shall we play together? 我們一起玩，好嗎？You shouldnt stay up too late. 別睡得太晚。9.打電話撥電話方的交際用語(yǔ)Could/May/Can I speak to.please?請(qǐng)找接電話，好嗎？Whois that(speaking)? 你是哪一位呀？This is.(speaking). 我是Could you ask him/her to call me back?您能讓他/她給我回電話嗎？Iam calling to tell/ask you to.我打電話給你是想告訴/要你去Thatis very kind of you(to help me).你能幫我真是太好了。接電話方的交際用語(yǔ)Hold on(for a moment), please. 請(qǐng)稍等。Iam sorry/afraid heis/sheis out at the moment/right now. 對(duì)不起，（我恐怕）他/她現(xiàn)在不在。Can I take a message (for you)? 我能替你帶話嗎？10.購(gòu)物營(yíng)業(yè)員常用的交際用語(yǔ)Can I help you?/What can I do for you? 你要買什么？How many/much.do you want? 你要多少？What about this one? 這件/種怎么樣？What colour/size/kind do you like/want?你喜歡/想要什么顏色/尺寸/種類的？Iam afraid we havent got any.in that size at the moment.恐怕我們現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有那個(gè)尺寸的Here you are. 給你。顧客常用的交際用語(yǔ)I want/would like to buy some.(for.)我想（為）買一些Iam looking for.我正在找I would like/want two kilos of. 我想買兩公斤I like the colour, but itis/theyare too. 我喜歡這個(gè)顏色，但它/它們太I(xiàn)tis great, but its not.enough. 不錯(cuò)，但它不夠I prefer.but this.is too. 我喜歡，但這個(gè)太Have you got any other kind/colour/size? 你們還有其他種類/顏色/尺寸的嗎？That looks nice/great. 看起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。Have you got anything cheaper? 你們有更便宜點(diǎn)的嗎？How much does it cost? 多少錢？Can/May I try them/it on, please?我能試一試嗎？11.問(wèn)路及應(yīng)答問(wèn)路的交際用語(yǔ)Excuse me, whereis.? 勞駕，在哪兒？How can I get to.? 我怎樣去？Which is the way to the.? 去是哪一條路？Could you tell me how to get to the.please? 請(qǐng)問(wèn)您能告訴我怎樣去嗎？How far is it? 有多遠(yuǎn)？Which bus can I take? 我可以乘哪路公車？指路的交際用語(yǔ)Itis over there on the left/right. 在那兒左邊/右邊。Itis next to the./in front of the./behind the./outside the./between. and. 它在的旁邊/前面/后面/外面/中間。Itis at the end of the street. 在街道的盡頭。Youwould better take/catch a bus. 你最好乘公共汽車。At the end of the road youwill see the. 至路盡頭你就會(huì)看到It will take you about half an hour. 大約要花半個(gè)小時(shí)到那兒。Go across the bridge. 從橋上走過(guò)去。Go up this road to the end. 沿著這條路走到盡頭。Turn left/right at the second crossing. 從第二個(gè)十字路口向左/右拐。You cannot miss it. 你不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)的。Itis about 15 minutes walk. 步行大約15分鐘。12.看病醫(yī)生常用交際用語(yǔ)Whatis wrong with you?/Whats the matter?/Whats up? 你怎么了？How long have you been like this?你像這樣多久了？Have you taken your temperature?你測(cè)過(guò)體溫嗎？Have you had anything to eat this morning?早晨你吃過(guò)什么東西嗎？Thereis nothing serious. 不要緊，不嚴(yán)重。Take this medicine and stay in bed for a few days. 吃這個(gè)藥并臥床休息幾天。You will get better soon. 你會(huì)很快好起來(lái)的。You will be all right/well soon. 你會(huì)很快沒(méi)事的。病人常用的交際用語(yǔ)I have got a headache/cough. 我頭痛/咳嗽。Iam not feeling well./I dont feel very well./I feel terrible. 我感覺(jué)不舒服。Thereis something wrong with. 我不舒服。13.喜好和厭惡喜歡Which do you like better, . or .?你喜歡（這兩者）中的哪一個(gè)？I like . better than.我喜歡勝過(guò)Which do you like best, ., .or.?你最喜歡（這三者）中的哪一個(gè)？I like.best.我最喜歡Would you like.? 你想要嗎？I like/love.a lot/very much/a little.我很/十分/有一點(diǎn)喜歡厭惡I dont like.at all. 我一點(diǎn)也不喜歡I prefer to.rather than. 我寧可也不14.談?wù)撎鞖庠儐?wèn)天氣Whatis the weather like today? 今天天氣如何？How is the weather in England?英格蘭的天氣怎么樣？Lovely weather, isnt it? 天氣不錯(cuò)，不是嗎？描述天氣Itis fine/cloudy/windy/rainy.晴天/多云/有風(fēng)/有雨。Itis rather warm/cold/hot/etc. today, isnt it?今天很暖和/冷/熱，不是嗎？What a heavy rain! 好大的雨！15.就餐主人常用語(yǔ)：What would you like to have?你想要些什么？Would you like something to drink?你想要一些喝的嗎？Help yourself to some chicken.請(qǐng)隨便吃一些雞肉?？腿顺Ｓ谜Z(yǔ):Yes, Iwould like a drink.是的，我想要一杯飲料。Iwould like rice and chicken.我想要雞肉米飯。Just a little, please.就一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。Can I have some more soup?我還能再要一些湯嗎？Itis so delicious. Thank you.太香了，謝謝你。No, thank you. Ihave had enough.不用了，已經(jīng)足夠了，謝謝。Iam full, thank you.我飽了，謝謝。16.情感高興How wonderful/nice! 太棒了！Thatis lovely/great/wonderful! 那很可愛(ài)/好/棒！Iam happy. Itis well done. 我很高興，干得好。Iam pleased to know that. 知道那事我很高興。滿意Good! 好！Well done! 干得好！Perfect! 太完美了！Thatis fine. 那很好。Thats better. 那更好。Thatis good enough. 那足夠好了。憂慮Whatis wrong? 怎么了？Whatis the matter? 出什么問(wèn)題了？Anything wrong? 有什么問(wèn)題嗎？What should we do? 我們?cè)撛趺崔k？Are you worried about your health?你擔(dān)心自己的健康嗎？遺憾與同情Iam so sorry! 很抱歉。Itis a great pity! 太遺憾了。What a shame/pity！ 真遺憾！Thatis too bad! 那太糟了。Im sorry to hear that. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息我很難過(guò)。17.禁止和警告You cant do that. 別這么做。Be careful!/Take care! 小心！Donnot walk there. The floor is wet.別走那兒，地板太滑。