英語(yǔ)高考北師大版專題復(fù)習(xí)《短文改錯(cuò)題型特點(diǎn)》 課件 (共32張PPT)

短文改錯(cuò)題型特點(diǎn) 1 一般來(lái)說(shuō),短文的內(nèi)容比較簡(jiǎn)單,結(jié)構(gòu)也不復(fù)雜,但測(cè)試點(diǎn)覆蓋面廣,設(shè)計(jì)的問題又往往是考生容易忽視或在寫作中經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)的地方。2 近幾年來(lái),短文改錯(cuò)題的材料內(nèi)容貼近學(xué)生的實(shí)際生活,談?wù)摰亩际呛蛯W(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)和生活有關(guān)的話題。材料中沒有生僻、超綱的詞匯。3 詞數(shù)在100-120 左右,以書信,日記,記敘文為主。語(yǔ)言背景中外皆有,以國(guó)外為主。 該題主要考查同學(xué)們?cè)谡Z(yǔ)篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的準(zhǔn)確性，同時(shí)考查同學(xué)們的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)是否扎實(shí),以及對(duì)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家文化的掌握. 短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧和分析 三個(gè)步驟 首先要通讀全文，弄懂全篇的意思 ,背景等，在讀的過(guò)程中可把初步確認(rèn)的錯(cuò)誤標(biāo)出。 2.然后分句閱讀，逐句找錯(cuò),先易后難3.重讀全文，仔細(xì)推敲改正后的短文。讀起來(lái)是否通順，邏輯思維與短文脈絡(luò)是否合理，詞匯的用法、句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理。 三個(gè)角度 詞法 ，句法，行文邏輯 （1）詞法內(nèi)容。包括名詞、代詞的數(shù)與格，反身代詞，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞，形容詞的比較級(jí)，形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別，介詞的誤用等。（2）句法內(nèi)容。包括主謂一致。并列連詞，從屬連詞等引導(dǎo)各種從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)，感嘆句，疑問句，祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)，倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句等。（3）行文邏輯，因果/轉(zhuǎn)折/并列，還包括句子的肯定、否定。 1. 名詞 .but for me it was still an unforgettable memories in my life! .these worker were fighting bravely. .several uncertain thought occurred to me. .that I made great progresses.memory workersthoughtsprogress Cotton feels softly. He is by far the clever student in our class. One of a most challenging experiences. .our teacher remained calmly,. We can hear birds singing happy all around. he dreamed of making black people and white people equally.2. 形容詞與副詞soft cleverestcalmhappilyequal the 3. 動(dòng)詞 Last summer I take a part-time job . The book which brought for me by my brother cost a lot of money. How about join us? Many people think that go to a concert for idols is stupid. tookwasjoininggoing Do you know anything about the accident happened in the village. The little girl hurried home with the remained money. Speak slowly and try to make yourself understand. Know that, I understand my teacher better.happeningremainingunderstoodknowing It took place in France, an European country. It was really the surprise to me that so many people were also their fans like me. , so we have plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun.4. 冠詞a aa He devoted his life for his country. Hell leave Beijing to Paris tomorrow. .at which we are sometimes unaware. my teacher will be the first one who I should first thank for. The students were very friendly for me.5. 介詞to foroffor to Before I arrived at the site, I was astonished because . My father has two brothers, both of them are all Party members. Everbody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting.6. 連詞whenwhomwhich 四個(gè)原則 （一） 一致原則 主謂一致 平行結(jié)構(gòu)一致 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)一致 代詞的前后一致 主謂一致1. Collecting stamps need a lot of money. needs 2 .Those who wants to come raise your hands please. want 平行結(jié)構(gòu)一致 and ，or，but，eitheror, not onlybut also, neithernor, as well as等并列連詞和詞組連接的平行結(jié)構(gòu)須在詞性,時(shí)態(tài),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式上一致。1They not only finished the homework but also see the film. saw2. At nine o clock we got to the foot of the mountain and start climing. started. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的一致1 She said that she and all her schoolmate wished me success schoolmates2he often watches football match on TV matches 代詞前后一致 The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. their2. We found some wood and carried them back to the cave. it (二)、實(shí)詞以改變形式為原則實(shí)詞的處理一般只是改變它的形式,而不能改變其詞義,更不能隨便給添或刪。1. Would you mind do me a favour? doing 析此處考查mind后面應(yīng)該跟動(dòng)詞的V-ing形式。但有些學(xué)生把mind給刪去了,使原句成為Would you do me a favor?這樣改雖然糾正了語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,但是句子的語(yǔ)氣卻變得很不委婉。故不是正確答案。 2. But I know a bull can run more faster than a man.析more改為much。此句錯(cuò)誤一目了然,但是如果不認(rèn)真思考,不能分清錯(cuò)誤類型,很可能會(huì)直接去掉more。根據(jù)句意及常識(shí),公牛比人跑得快得多,比較級(jí)faster前應(yīng)有程度狀語(yǔ),faster前的more不屬于多余,而是屬于用錯(cuò)了詞,應(yīng)該改為much。這樣改,不僅語(yǔ)法正確,而且合乎常理。若去掉more, faster的程度就大大削弱了。所以應(yīng)把more改為much而不能去掉它。 （三）虛詞以添加或者刪除為原則這些需要添刪的詞一般都應(yīng)該是冠詞、 介詞、連詞等; 1. They are afraid of that I will feel lonely. (四)遵守固定搭配的原則1.The novel is very worth reading. well2.The policeman caught the thief by his arm. the3.Though he has worked for ten hours, yet he felt not a little tired. bit 改錯(cuò)中的常見錯(cuò)誤 1 時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤: (根據(jù)整篇文章的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)判斷)2 單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤 （名詞/ 動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)）3. 語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤: 把 been去掉，或加上be.4. when- while5. but- and/ so (根據(jù)語(yǔ)義來(lái)判斷是因果/ 轉(zhuǎn)折/ 并列關(guān)系)6. however, - therefore,7. exciting/ interesting- excited/ interested8. the number of- a number of9. such -so 10. used to - be used to 11. 代詞 it - they12. 冠詞 “a/ an / the/ 不用冠詞” 轉(zhuǎn)換13. 疑問詞 how/ what轉(zhuǎn)換14. 關(guān)系代詞 (that/ which)/ 關(guān)系副詞(when/ where)的轉(zhuǎn)換15. 固定搭配中介詞錯(cuò)誤, 或者該添加介詞： talk about sth16. 兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞一般不能直接連用，之間要加上并列連詞或者把其中一個(gè)動(dòng)詞改成非謂語(yǔ)。能正確判斷出to的詞性，如果是介詞 to 后面加 doing ，look forward to；如果是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)， to后要加do 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ), 動(dòng)詞原形不能做主語(yǔ)19. return 后不可有back 20. 詞性錯(cuò)誤：difficulty- difficult； health- healthy 短文改錯(cuò)應(yīng)注意的 幾個(gè)問題 1 大小寫不改。2 沒有詞序錯(cuò)誤。3 文中出現(xiàn)帶漢語(yǔ)注釋的詞在句中不可能用錯(cuò)。4 注意錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)的分散和比例。5 改錯(cuò)時(shí)以句子為單位，而不是以行為單位。7 嚴(yán)格按規(guī)定的符號(hào)和要求去改錯(cuò)。 1) 錯(cuò)詞更換 例如: I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me understand how to study well. _2) 缺詞補(bǔ)漏 例如: They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. _3) 多詞刪除 例如: I was used to watch TV every night. But now Im too busy to watch it. _ weretheywas THANK YOU