2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 沖刺講義四 動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.doc

2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 沖刺講義四 動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)行為動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）及物動(dòng)詞（帶賓語(yǔ)）：study, develop;不及物動(dòng)詞（不帶賓語(yǔ)）work, swim, go, e狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞（相對(duì)靜止）contain, exist, own, prefer, belong動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞：延續(xù)性（work, stay）；非延續(xù)性（marry, go, e）連系動(dòng)詞（漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有這種詞類(lèi)）助動(dòng)詞（與動(dòng)詞原形或分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)）be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的構(gòu)成方式及其注意點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞+副詞所構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分及物的和不及物的兩類(lèi)Please turn every light in the house off. 請(qǐng)把房子里的每一盞燈都關(guān)掉。（及物）Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚會(huì)后，人們都已離去，哈里出現(xiàn)了。（不及物）注意：如果賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，就應(yīng)避免把副詞同動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她關(guān)掉了所有還在亮著的燈。如果賓語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞，只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間She gave them away.她送掉了它們。同一動(dòng)詞和不同副詞搭配時(shí)，意義上有很大的差異ring back回電話 ring off掛斷電話 ring up打電話put away放好 put on穿，上演 put up掛起，舉起。不同動(dòng)詞和同一副詞搭配時(shí)，在意義上有很大的差異break out發(fā)生，爆炸 carry out進(jìn)行，開(kāi)展 go out熄滅hand out分發(fā) let out放出 look out當(dāng)心sell out賣(mài)完 set out出發(fā), take out取出work out算出 動(dòng)詞+介詞(及物)Im looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼鏡。注意：當(dāng)它跟賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能把介詞放在賓語(yǔ)后面。同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞搭配時(shí)，意義上有很大的差異。look after照料，look at看，look for尋找動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就見(jiàn)到你。注：“動(dòng)詞+介詞”、“動(dòng)詞+名詞+副詞”、“動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞”，這三種搭配都是及物的，如變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不可漏掉介詞。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 這樣一來(lái)，糧食和蔬菜都能兼顧了。考點(diǎn)聚焦及解題點(diǎn)撥(單個(gè)動(dòng)詞)同義詞近義詞辨析從三個(gè)方面考慮：詞的恰切含義、搭配（與介詞、名詞或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配）和用法（是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞）系動(dòng)詞的用法狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞be持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞keep,remain,stay,continue,lie,stand,rest表象系動(dòng)詞seem,appear感官/感覺(jué)系動(dòng)詞look,smell,taste,sound,feel變化系動(dòng)詞bee,grow,get,turn,fall,go,e終止系動(dòng)詞prove,turn out解答這類(lèi)試題的關(guān)鍵首先是弄清題意，然后是分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，由此可判斷出該動(dòng)詞是否用作系動(dòng)詞，最后確定所要填入的答案。特別關(guān)注：go hungry,e true,turn writer接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞give sb. sth=give sth.to sb buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb但是我們只能說(shuō)：suggest sth. to sb. explain sth.to sb. read sth. to sb.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的辨析熟記?？嫉亩陶Z(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的意義容易被我們忽視的知識(shí)點(diǎn)sell, write, wash, wear等詞的主動(dòng)形式后跟副詞表示被動(dòng)意義happen, occur,take place, break out, e out, belong to等無(wú)被動(dòng)形式