2019-2020年高考英語 沖刺講義十 狀語從句.doc

2019-2020年高考英語 沖刺講義十 狀語從句種 類從屬連詞例 句說 明時間狀從WhenwheneverWhen I came into the room, he was writing a letter.當我進屋時，他正在寫信。We shall go there whenever we are free.我們什么時間有空，我們就去那里。when指的是“某一具體的時間”whenever指的是“在任何時間”whenI was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.我正在街上走著，這時忽然有人從后面拍我的肩膀。when意為“這時”或“在那個時候”,可以看作是并列句,這種用法的when分句一般位于句末。whileWhile it was raining, they went out.天下雨的時候，他們出去了。I stayed while he was away.他不在的時候我在。while指“在某一段時間里”，“在期間”，while引導(dǎo)的動作必須是持續(xù)性的asHe hurried home, looking behind as he went.他趕快回家，不時地一邊走一邊向后看。as引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動作，強調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生beforeBe a pupil before you bee a teacher.先做學生，再做先生。afterHe arrived after the game started.比賽開始后，他到了。tillWe waited till (until)he came back .我們一直等到他回來。如主句動詞是持續(xù)性動作，常用肯定式，表示“直到為止”untilShe didnt stop working until eleven oclock .她到11點鐘才停止工作。Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.她站在那里看著，直到看不見他的身影。如主句動詞是瞬間動詞，常用否定式，表示“直才”“在以前不”,從句放在句首表示強調(diào)，一般用untilsinceas soon asGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.自從1978年以來中國發(fā)生了巨大的變化。As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you.我一到上海就給你寫信。狀語從句在主句之前時一般用逗號與主句分開，如從句在主句之后則不必用標點符號。hardlywhenno soonerthanI had hardly got home when it began to rain.我剛一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.我們剛到車站，火車就走了。Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.我們剛開始就被叫停。hardlywhen和no soonerthan的意義相當于as soon as,但只表示過去發(fā)生的事情，主句為過去完成時，從句為過去時，如hardly或no sooner位于句首時語氣強，而且主句的謂語要用部分倒裝every time, by the time, the moment等Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.我每次乘船都暈船。The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.我一聽到這首歌，就感到很愉快。Next time you e ,youll see him.下次你來的時候，就會見到他。在時間狀語從句中，不能用將來時或過去將來時，而要用現(xiàn)在時或過去時代替將來時地點狀從wherewhereverWhere there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Where there is water there is life.哪里有水，哪里就有生命。You are free to go wherever you like.你可以隨意到你喜歡的任何地方去。Wherever you go, you must obey the law.無論你去哪都要遵守法律。where與wherever意義基本相同，但后者語氣較強，多用于書面語原因狀從becauseI came back late yesterday because I was on duty.昨天我回來晚了，因為我值班。because用來回答why 的問題，語氣最強sinceSince everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，我們開始開會。since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首asAs he didnt know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .由于他英語懂得不多，他在字典中查閱這個單詞。從句常放在句首，說明原因，主句說明結(jié)果，常用于口語中。now that, seeing thatNow (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.鑒于天氣已經(jīng)晴朗，我們可以啟程了。Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.鑒于他病情嚴重，我們派人去請醫(yī)生去了。seeing (that), now that 和since, as 意義相似，他們都有“鑒于某個事實”的意思，that可以省去目的狀從thatso thatin order thatlest = for fear thatI shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.我要把你的電話號碼記下來，以免忘記。Well tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.我把真實情況告訴你，使你能自己作出判斷。They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .他們比往常更加努力工作，為了能提前完成工作。Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.多穿點衣服，以免感冒。目的狀語從句中常用情態(tài)動詞may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在動詞之前，從句往往放在主句之后，主從句之間不用任何標點符號結(jié)果狀從so thatsothatWe turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.我們把收音機的音量放大，大家都聽到了新聞。He was so excited that he couldnt say a word.他十分激動，以致一句話都說不出來。so that前有逗號為結(jié)果狀語從句sothat的so后面跟形容詞或副詞suchthatHe gave such important reasons that he was excused.他說出了這么重要的理由，得到大家的諒解。It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it. It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.這是一本十分有趣的書，大家都想看。suchthat的such后面跟名詞，如果名詞是單數(shù)就要用such a /anthat還可以轉(zhuǎn)換用sothat，語氣較強條件狀從ifunlessas/so long asin caseso far asDifficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.如果我們不怕困難，困難就算不了什么了。We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.除非下雨，我們明天就去那里。= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain.So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。In case I forget, please remind me about it .萬一我忘了，請?zhí)嵝盐乙幌?。So far as I know, the book will be published next month.據(jù)我所知，那本書下月出版。unless從句的謂語只能用肯定式。unless和ifnot同義，unless是書面語，ifnot是口語，通常二者可以換用條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞的時態(tài)一般要用現(xiàn)在時或過去時代替一般將來時或過去將來時方式狀從asas ifas thoughDraw a cat as I taught you .按照我教你的畫一只貓。Do as you are told.按照人家告訴你做的去做。She looks as if she is ill.看上去她好象是生病了。He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.他的行動就好象什么也沒有發(fā)生。They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.他們對待這黑孩子仿佛他是一頭牲口。此處as譯為：按照或正如as if或as though的意義和用法基本一樣。從句中可以用現(xiàn)在時表示可能符合事實，也可以用虛擬語氣讓步狀從althoughthoughAlthough (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.雖然他六十多歲了，但仍開始學習法語 。We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.雖然我們干了一天活，但并不累。在句子中一般用了“雖然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以與yet或still連用。though / although意義相同，用法基本一樣，前者通俗，口語化，后者正式多放主句的前面even if,even thoughIll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要去。even if 和even though的意思為“即使”“縱使”有退一步設(shè)想的意味，多用于書面語中asChild as he is , he knows a lot .雖然他是一個孩子，但他懂得很多。Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.雖然天氣冷，但孩子們?nèi)栽趹敉馔?。as引出的狀語從句多用于書面語，它比用though或although引導(dǎo)的從句，語氣強，更有表現(xiàn)力，從句常放在句首，語序部分倒裝。no matter (who, what when, where which, how)Do it no matter what others say.不管別人怎么說,盡管干。No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.不管他多忙，他都每天堅持學習英語。No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.不管誰為我處理這件事，我都將非常感激。no matter與 who-ever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句意義基本一 樣，no matter引導(dǎo)的從句可是以位于主句前或主句后wh+ever (whatever whoever ,whenever whichever ,however)Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.無論發(fā)生什么，我們都不要失去信心。Whoever es, he will be wele.無論誰來，都會受到歡迎。比較狀從asas ,not so/asasthe sameassuchasMary is as old as my sister.瑪利和我姐姐一樣大。He doesnt run so (as) fast as Jack (does).他不如杰克跑得那樣快。His book is the same as mine.他的書和我的一樣。Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .享利這個工人不如彼得那樣好。連詞表示同程度級的比較，肯定句用asas否定句可用not asas 或not soasthanShe has made greater progress this year than she did last year.她今年比去年進步更大。He bought fewer books than I (did).他買的書比我買的少。the morethe moreThe more you read, the better you understand.你看的書越多，你懂得的就越多。The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.你賣的票越多，你的收入也越多。 The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你工作越努力，你取得的進步就越大。The sooner, the better.越快越好。The warmer, the better.越暖和越好。 the morethe more 意思為越越，通常的語序為從句在前主句在后，這兩個the都是表示程度的副詞，用在比較級的形容詞或副詞前面