2019-2020年高三英語大一輪復習講義 語法知識 專題八 狀語從句 新人教版.doc

2019-2020年高三英語大一輪復習講義 語法知識 專題八 狀語從句 新人教版一、時間狀語從句1before引導的從句中不用否定式謂語。常用如下句型：It is long before.(過了好久才)It is not long before.(過了不久就)2since后面所用動詞不同，該動詞所表示動作持續(xù)時間的計算方法也不同。It is two years since he joined the army.It is two years since he smoked.二、地點狀語從句多由where和wherever引導。Where there is a will，there is a way.二、原因狀語從句在表示原因時，because語氣最重，其次是as，since，now that，故在回答why問句或者在強調句對原因進行強調時，只能用because。for是并列連詞，表示推測的理由或者進一步說明，不能放在句首，for前要用逗號。Why were you absent?Because I was ill.三、目的狀語從句1so that/in order that引導的目的狀語從句中的謂語動詞多用can/could/may/might/will/would動詞。Please turn off the light so that I can go to sleep.2for fear that，in case，lest表示“以防，免得”。He is working hard for fear that he should fail.四、條件狀語從句1providing/provided (that)假如，假若Providing (that) no one has further questions，the meeting will be over.2on the understanding thaton condition that在條件下I give you money on the understanding that you finish your homework.五、結果狀語從句注意such引導的結果狀語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。試比較：This is such an interesting book that everyone likes to read it.This is such an interesting book as everyone likes to read.六、目的狀語從句與結果狀語從句的區(qū)別in order that可放在句首，只能引導目的狀語從句；so that引導目的或結果狀語從句，不能放在句首。試比較：He spoke so slowly that we all followed him.(結果狀語從句)He spoke slowly，so we all followed him.He spoke slowly so (in order) that we could all understand him.(目的狀語從句)七、讓步狀語從句1as引導讓步狀語從句，作“盡管”解，用倒裝句，語序為：狀語/賓語/表語/動詞原形as主語謂語。如果句首是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作表語，名詞前無冠詞。Clever as you may be，you cant do that.Clever boy as he is，he cant solve the problem.2while有時引導讓步狀語從句，作“盡管”、“雖然”講，多用于句首。While I admit the problems are difficult，I dont agree that I cant solve them.八、地點狀語從句多由where和wherever引導。Where there is a will，there is a way.九、方式狀語從句方式狀語從句常由as(按照)，just as(正像)，as ifas though(仿佛，好像；從句可用虛擬語氣)等引導。I changed my mind as you suggested.定語從句一、關系代詞的用法1that和which的用法(1)限制性定語從句中，必須用關系代詞that的情況：當先行詞是不定代詞all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one時。You should hand in all that you have.當先行詞前面被the only，the very，any，few，little，no，all等詞修飾時。This is the only thing that has been tried.當先行詞是形容詞最高級或先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級修飾時。This is the best that has been used against pollution.當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或它前面有序數(shù)詞修飾時。This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.當先行詞既有人又有物時。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。Which is the bike that you lost?有兩個定語從句時，其中一個關系代詞已用which，另外一個宜用that。They secretly built up a small factory，which produced things that could cause pollution.當先行詞在主句中作表語，而關系代詞也在從句中作表語時。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.(2)定語從句中必須用which的情況：在非限制性定語從句中，只用which，不用that。Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，which，of course，made the others envy him.當動詞短語中的介詞提前時，只用which，不用that。This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.注意：在一些固定搭配的動詞短語中，由于動詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關系代詞之前。This is the pen (which/that) Im looking for.不可以說：This is the pen for which Im looking.2who，whom和whose的用法當先行詞指人，在定語從句中作主語時，用who，不可省略；在定語從句中作賓語時，用whom/that，可以省略；在定語從句中作定語時，用whose，不可省略。She is the girl who lives next door.Thats the girl (whom/that) I teach.3“介詞關系代詞”引導的定語從句“介詞關系代詞”引導定語從句時，關系代詞只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，即：介詞which/whom。(1)當介詞放在關系代詞的前面時，關系代詞只能用which或whom，且不能省略。They may start as a group of highschool students，for whom practising their music in someones house is the first step to fame.(2)在限制性定語從句中，當介詞位于定語從句的末尾時，可用that/which(指物)，that/whom/who(指人)作介詞的賓語，而且作介詞賓語的關系代詞可以省略。(3)“復合介詞短語關系代詞which”引導的定語從句，這種結構引導的定語從句常與先行詞用逗號分開，定語從句常用倒裝語序。He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall apple tree.(4)介詞which/whom不定式結構。The poor man has no house in which to live.The poor man has no house to live in.The poor man has no house in which he can live.4as和which的區(qū)別(1)as引導的非限制性定語從句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時還可插入主句中，而which引導的非限制性定語從句只能置于主句之后。相同的是兩者都可替代主句的整個內容，而不是主句中的某一個詞。The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.(2)當非限制性定語從句放在主句前面時，只能用as。As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.The moon travels round the earth once every month，as/which is known to everybody.It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.(后兩句屬名詞性從句范疇。)另外，as多用于下列習慣用語中：as anybody can see正如人人都能看到的那樣as we had expected正如我們所預料的那樣as often happens正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣as has been said before如上所述as is mentioned above正如上面提到的(3)當定語從句放在主句后面時，也并不是as就永遠等于which。當定語從句是否定句或表示否定時，只能用which。He came here very late，which was unexpected(not expected)Mr.Smith usually praises his student Rose in public，which she doesnt like at all.當as在從句中作主語時，后面常接動詞的被動語態(tài)。如：be known，be said等。如果從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般用which作主語。as常用在as often happens，as was said earlier，as I understand，as appears等結構中。Jack has won the first prize，as often happens.as仍然保持作連詞時常有的某種含義。David is tall，as are my brothers.當非限制性定語從句的謂語后跟一個復合結構時，只能用which引導定語從句。Betty always tells a lie，which her parents feel strange.二、關系副詞的用法1當先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時，要用關系副詞。I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(whenon which)Can you tell me the office where he works？(wherein which)2介詞關系代詞(which)where/when。有時為表達清楚，還可以在關系副詞where/when前加介詞from，to等。China is the birthplace of kites，from where kites spread to Japan and Korea.3高考對關系副詞where的考查。高考試題中對于where的考查趨于復雜，從先行詞為明顯的“地點”轉為“地點的模糊化”。事實上，對于where這個詞，考生不能只理解為表地點。當先行詞表示某人/物的situation，或某事所發(fā)展的stage，或表達某事的某個方面時都可用where這個關系副詞。The accident has reached to a point where both their parents are to be called in.三、定語從句用法其他要點1關系代詞在定語從句中作主語，不可省略。2定語從句中的謂語動詞的單復數(shù)與先行詞保持一致。當引導定語從句的關系代詞在從句中作主語時，定語從句中的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)的方面，應該與先行詞保持一致。I，who am your teacher，will try my best to help you.(1)one of復數(shù)名詞關系代詞復數(shù)動詞。The Great Wall is one of the worldfamous buildings that draw lots of visitors.(2)the only one of復數(shù)名詞關系代詞單數(shù)動詞。The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.注意：not the only one of.one of.(3)當關系代詞as與which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾主句內容時，若as與which作主語，則從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Great changes have taken place in China，as is known to all.He has passed the College Entrance Examinations，which makes his parents quite happy.狀語從句答題技巧技巧1掌握連詞意義，判斷從句類型從句類型不同，引導從句的連詞也不同。選擇連詞的前提是確定從句的類型。要確定從句類型，就要正確翻譯句子。翻譯正確就能夠判斷出該從句是狀語從句中的哪一種，選擇也就很容易了?？碱}印證Tim is in good shape physically_he doesnt get much exercise.(xx湖南，32)AifBeven thoughCunlessDas long as答案B解析句意為：Tim盡管不怎么鍛煉，但體型很好。if如果；even though即使，盡管；unless如果不，除非；as long as只要。技巧2區(qū)分常用句型結構英語中有些固定句型，需要用不同的連詞來引導，熟記這些句型，有時起到事半功倍的作用。如It is/has been 一段時間 since.；It is/was 具體時間點when.；It will be/was 一段時間before.；It is/was 時間狀語that.等。還要區(qū)分把兩種從句結合在一起的情形?？碱}印證I will put the book_you placed it and make a mark at the place_I put it.Awhere；at which Bat which；at whichCwhere；which Dat which；where答案A解析前后兩個從句都表示地點的含義。是定語從句還是地點狀語從句，做題的關鍵是看有沒有表示地點的名詞作先行詞。如果有表示地點的名詞，就是定語從句；如果沒有便是地點狀語從句。該題中第一個從句為地點狀語從句，第二個從句為定語從句，因此答案為A項。定語從句答題技巧技巧1從句成分分析法引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，分為關系代詞和關系副詞，關系代詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語；關系副詞在從句中作狀語。解題時先對從句進行分析，確定從句中所缺的成分，然后根據(jù)所缺成分選擇關系代詞或關系副詞?？碱}印證The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister_she would stay for an hour (xx江西，31)Awhere BwhoCwhich Dwhat答案A解析句意為：這個女孩安排在培訓中心和她的妹妹上鋼琴課，在那兒她要待上一個小時。where在句中引導定語從句，修飾先行詞the training centre。技巧2特殊先行詞記憶法當先行詞是case，point，situation，condition等且從句中不缺少主要成分時，從句用where引導；先行詞是occasion時，從句常用when引導；先行詞是the way且從句不缺少主要成分時，用that或in which引導(或省略關系詞)；先行詞是reason且從句中缺狀語時，用why引導定語從句；當主句中出現(xiàn)as，so，such，the same時，限制性定語從句用as引導?？碱}印證Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.Athat BwhichCwhere Dwhen答案D解析stay在此處的意義與a period of staying相同，故用when引導定語從句，且when在從句中作時間狀語。技巧3先行詞還原法在解答有關“介詞關系代詞”類試題時，可把先行詞代替關系詞放到從句中，如果此句意思通順，則為正確答案?？碱}印證Wind power is an ancient source of energy_we may return in the near future. (xx上海，38)Aon which Bby whichCto which D. from which答案C解析句意為：風力是很古老的一種能源，不久的將來我們也許會再利用它。此句可還原為Wind power is an ancient source of energy which/that we may return to in the near future.1At 13，Samuel received a training course in drawing for three years，_ he got a good opportunity for further development.Aafter that Bafter whichCafter it Dafter this答案B解析after which意為after he received a training course in drawing for three years。句中沒有并列連詞，故不能選C、D兩項；that不引導非限制性定語從句，故A項也不符合。2There are species living in the depths of the oceans _ we still know little.Afor which Bin whichCof what Dof which答案D解析考查定語從句的關系詞。此處考查介詞前置的定語從句。句意為：在我們知之甚少的大洋深處有許多種生物。3Have you made any plan for the ing Spring Festival?I dont mind what to do_theres less homework from the teachers and more pocket money from my parents.Aas long as Bas far asCnow that Din order that答案A解析考查連詞辨析。答句句意為：我不介意做什么，只要是老師少留點作業(yè)，爸媽多給些零花錢就可以了。as long as只要，符合句意。4_，his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.AStrange as might it soundBAs it might sound strangeCAs strange it might soundDStrange as it might sound答案D解析句意為：盡管他的想法聽起來有些奇怪，但與會的所有人都接受了。as引導讓步狀語從句時，作表語的形容詞要前置，但as后仍為陳述語序。5_is announced in todays paper，they have succeeded in solving many problems in accordance with the new theory.AIt BThatCAs DWhat答案C解析考查非限制性定語從句的關系詞。此處是as引導的非限制性定語從句，as替代后面整個句子的內容。句意為：正如今天的報紙所宣稱的：他們根據(jù)新的理論成功地解決了許多問題。6Taobao is Asias largest retail(零售的) network platform，_people can buy and sell many kinds of things.Awhere BwhenCthat Dwhose答案A解析考查定語從句。根據(jù)先行詞platform 在定語從句中作地點狀語可知應該用where(on which)。7I can not understand why Libya will bee so plicated _ I understand more from the medium.Aafter BbeforeCwhile Dwhen答案B解析考查時間狀語從句中的連詞辨析。句意為：在我從媒體了解更多的信息之前，我不明白為什么利比亞的形勢會變得如此復雜。也就是說，他是在通過媒體了解了更多的信息之后才理解的。before在之前，符合句意。8I would accept that if I were you，_well have to cancel it.Aand Bor Cwhile Dso答案B解析考查連詞辨析。句意為：我要是你我就會接受，要不然的話我們得取消它。表示與前面相反的動作，所以用or。9She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students，_ allows them to municate freely with each other.Awhich BwhereCwhat Dwho答案A解析考查定語從句的連接詞，此處which 作從句的主語，指代前面的整個部分“She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students”。10You will succeed in the end _ you give up halfway.Aeven if Bas thoughCas long as Dunless答案D解析考查狀語從句連詞。 句意為：你一定會成功的，除非半途而廢。unless除非，符合句意。11In some cultures it is traditional for boys to attend school _ girls stay at home and do housework.Aanyhow BhoweverCwhile Das答案C解析考查連詞辨析。這里男孩子上學和女孩子在家做家務是一種對比關系，所以選while(然而，卻)。12She may have been caught in the heavy traffic，_ she wont arrive here by five oclock.Ain case Bin case ofCin that case Din which case答案D解析句意為：她可能遇上交通堵塞了，那樣的話，她就不能5點到達了。本題考查定語從句，故D項正確。如果變?yōu)椴⒘芯?，則C項正確。13To show our respect，we usually have to take our gloves off _we are to shake hands with.Awhichever BwheneverCwhoever Dwherever答案C解析這里whoever 引導的是讓步狀語從句，相當于no matter who。句意為：為了表達我們的尊敬，無論和誰握手，我們都得摘掉手套。14Is this the reason_he gave us for the delay of the project?Ahow BwhatCwhy Dthat答案D解析考查定語從句的關系詞。此處reason作gave的賓語，故選D。15I hate to say this，_you forgot to shut the door when you left the office yesterday.Aand Bbut Cso Dor答案B解析考查but的用法。用來引出一個不得不說的話題，用but。句意為：我不想說的，但是你昨天離開辦公室的時候忘了關門。