2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 專題講練五 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣.doc

2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 專題講練五 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣【考點(diǎn)分析】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法shall用于一、三人稱疑問(wèn)句表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn);用于二、三人稱陳述句表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等;may表示“允許、可以”，語(yǔ)氣比較委婉。must用于疑問(wèn)句，表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩，意思為“偏偏，偏要”，mustnt表示禁止，是說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)有力的勸告。cannot 表示“不可能”;need not 表示“不必要”;may not 表示“可能不，可以不”。neednt表示“沒(méi)有必要”would表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向表示經(jīng)過(guò)努力而成功的某一次動(dòng)作，只能用was/were able to,而不能用could;could還可以表示過(guò)去的某種能力考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用作答語(yǔ)的情況2.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式一般式表推測(cè)的用法肯定的推測(cè)一般用must,should,may(might)或could(不用can)，其中，must的語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，譯為“肯定”、should的語(yǔ)氣次之，譯為“很可能”、“應(yīng)該”;按常理推測(cè)的may(might),could語(yǔ)氣最弱，譯為“也許”。否定的推測(cè)：語(yǔ)氣不很肯定時(shí)，常用may not,might not或could not，譯為“可能不”“也許不”;否定語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)時(shí)，則用cant，譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會(huì)”，表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩疑問(wèn)句中推測(cè)往往用can或could3.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式表推測(cè)的用法4.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式完成式的其他用法should(ought to)+不定式的完成式：本來(lái)應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上又沒(méi)有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。neednt+不定式的完成式：本來(lái)不必要做的而實(shí)際上又做了could+不定式的完成式：本可以做而實(shí)際上未能做,含有遺憾的意味虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.虛擬條件句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及其用法與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的活用時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)省略if的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)并列連詞或副詞暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)as if / as though方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣分詞短語(yǔ)暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)上下文語(yǔ)境中的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)【知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納】I.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.表示“能力、許可”的can /may表示能力的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用can/couldA puter_think for itself, it must be told what to do.A.cant B.couldnt C.may not D.might not表示許可時(shí)用may/might ,can/could 都可以，但在問(wèn)句中用could?或might? 以使口氣委婉客氣，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口氣明確(must表示一定，必須，mustnt表示禁止，不許可)Could I call you by your first name? Yes, you_A.will B.could C.may D.mightJohnny, you_play with the knife, you_hurt yourself.A. wont/cant B.mustnt/may C.shouldnt/must D.cant/shouldnt在肯定句中could不可以用來(lái)表示過(guò)去某一特定場(chǎng)合的能力，而要用was/were able to。如不可以說(shuō)：They could jump into the sea before the boat was blown up而要說(shuō)：they were able to/managed to jump intoThe fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_get out.A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to但在否定句中could/was(were)able to可以通用:I couldnt/wasnt able to see him yeaterday.表示許可時(shí)用may/can都可以。只不過(guò)用may時(shí)較側(cè)重講話人的許可，而can較側(cè)重客觀情況的許可，must則表示必須做某事。2.表示“推斷、判斷”的can,may,must在肯定句中都可以用來(lái)表示可能。在含義上must語(yǔ)氣最為肯定,may表示的是事實(shí)上的可能性：Peter_e with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A.must B.may C.can D.will而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性：Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times.在否定句中只能用can和may。此時(shí)cant用以代替mustnt，語(yǔ)氣比may not更強(qiáng)。cant中文可以翻譯為“不可能”、may not中文可以翻譯為“可能不”。Michael_be a policeman, for hes much too short.A.neednt B.cant C.should D.may在疑問(wèn)句只能用can，不能用may和mustHe may be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?He must be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?3.表示“請(qǐng)求、提議”(用在疑問(wèn)句中)的can和could，這時(shí)could比can語(yǔ)氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)Can(Could)you give me a lift to the station?你(您)能不能讓我搭你(您)的車去車站呀?4.表示“驚訝、懷疑”(用在疑問(wèn)句中)的can和could，這時(shí)could比can語(yǔ)氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)Who can it be at this time of day?這個(gè)時(shí)候到底會(huì)是誰(shuí)呢?5.構(gòu)成下列特殊句式的cancan not/can nevertoo cannotenough“無(wú)論怎么也不為過(guò)分，越越好，非常”Since it is a good thing,we cannot do it too soon.既然是好事情，我們?cè)皆玳_(kāi)始做越好。cant help doing,cannot help but do,cannot but do“禁不住，不由得，不得不”I cannot help admiring the picture whenever I look at it.每當(dāng)我看到這幅畫時(shí)，我都禁不住要鑒賞它。When a close friend dies,you cannot but feel sad.親密的朋友去世時(shí)，你會(huì)不由得感到悲傷。6.表示祝愿、祝福的may,此時(shí)句子用倒裝語(yǔ)序May he live to an old age!愿他長(zhǎng)命百歲!May God be with you!愿上帝保佑你!7.shall/should用于人稱意義Shall第一、三人稱征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)第二、三人稱說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的警告、命令、允諾、威脅用于法律、法規(guī)等條文中應(yīng)，須，得What shall we do this evening?注意：may用于征求對(duì)方的許可，而shall用于征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或指示：May I have a look?我能看一看嗎?Shall I have a look?需要我看一看嗎?You shall fail if you dont work harder. (警告)He shall have the book when I finish reading. (允諾)He shall be punished.(威脅)The fine shall be given in cash.罰款須以現(xiàn)金繳納。should 意義（表義務(wù)、責(zé)任的）應(yīng)該（表預(yù)期的）應(yīng)該會(huì)，想必會(huì)，一定會(huì)把（表驚訝、遺憾的）竟然、居然（與疑問(wèn)詞連用，表意外、驚訝、納悶等的）究竟是，到底（用于表示命令、建議、請(qǐng)求等詞后面的that從句中，且should可以省略）應(yīng)該，必須You should apologize to him.The photos should be ready by 12:00.Im surprised that you should speak in such a way.Who should ce in but my old friend Betty.我當(dāng)究竟是誰(shuí)進(jìn)來(lái)了呢，原來(lái)是我的老朋友貝蒂呀。I suggested that he (should)change his mind.My suggestion was that he (should)change his mind.注意：ought to表示 “應(yīng)該” (與should同義, 只是語(yǔ)氣稍重一些), 也可表示推測(cè)。You ought to take care of him.He ought to be home by now.8.will/would請(qǐng)求、建議，would比will委婉客氣Would you pass me the book?表示意志、愿望和決心I will never do that again.They asked us if we would do that again可表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向During the vacation he would visit me every weekThe wound would not heal.表示估計(jì)或猜想It would be about ten when he left home.What would she be doing there?9.dare和needneed作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只有一種形式，只用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。dare作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)有兩中形式：dare和dared兩個(gè)詞形。除了可以用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句外，還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。If he dare e,I will kick him out.I dont know whether he dare say.Note:He doesnt dare(to)answer the question.Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?10.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done的用法could+have done：本可以做而實(shí)際上未能做You could have done better, but you didnt try your best.cannot+have done：表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的否定推測(cè)He cannot have been to that town.can+主語(yǔ)+have done：表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的懷疑或不肯定Can he have got the book?might(may)+ have done：對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為不太肯定的推測(cè)He may not have finished the work.If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.(Mood:might>may,possibility:might<MAY)< p> must+have done：對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測(cè)。其否定式為：cannot have doneYou must have seen the film.You cannot have seen the film.neednt+have done：本來(lái)不必要做的而實(shí)際上又做了You neednt have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.注意：didnt need to(have to)do :沒(méi)有必要做而實(shí)際上也沒(méi)有做I didnt need to clean the windows.My sister did it 2 hours ago.should(ought to)+ have done：本來(lái)應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上又沒(méi)有做。其否定形式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。You should have started earlier, but you didnt.She shouldnt have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.注意：本結(jié)構(gòu)還可以表“推測(cè)”的意思He should have finished the work by now.到現(xiàn)在他應(yīng)該已經(jīng)做完那項(xiàng)工作了。11.其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have tohave to表示 “必須, 不得不”, 在這個(gè)意義上與must很接近, 但must表示的是說(shuō)話人的主觀看法, 而have to表示的卻是客觀需要. have to比must有更多的形式。The TV set is broken. I have to buy a new one.The students will have to know how to use the puters.注意：在回答must的問(wèn)句時(shí), 否定式常用need not(neednt)或dont have to表示 “不必”。而不用must not, 因?yàn)閙ust not表示 “不可以”。used to表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)(現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)如此)Did you use to go there to see your brother? /Used you to go there to see your brother?Yes, I did(used to). /No , I didnt (usednt).注意：would也可表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向，但是不涉及到現(xiàn)在。had better表示 “最好(做)”We had better go now.其否定式為had better notII.虛擬語(yǔ)氣(一)一般虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)類別用法例句If引導(dǎo)的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過(guò)去式（be用were）主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形If he were here, he would help us.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：had+過(guò)去分詞主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞If I had been free, I would have visited you.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過(guò)去式 / should+動(dòng)詞原形 / were+不定式主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.注意:主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，should常被would代替;從句中的should可用于各種人稱，且不可以被would所代替。(二)混合虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)1.不同時(shí)間的虛擬If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.(從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now. (從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. (從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，主句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反)If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now. (從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，and后面的主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)2.虛擬與陳述的混合He could have passed the exam, but he wasnt careful enough.You should have e earlier. The bus left a moment ago.(三)特殊句式虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)1.省略連詞if。在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，如果虛擬條件從句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把這幾個(gè)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。Should he e (If he should e), tell him to ring me up. 他要是來(lái)了，讓他給我打個(gè)電話。Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做這事。2.suggest, order, propose, request, require, demand, advise, insist+ 賓語(yǔ)從句(should )doHe suggested that we (should) save money for the future.The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south.注意：當(dāng)suggest表示暗示，insist表示堅(jiān)持觀點(diǎn),事實(shí)時(shí)，后接的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)當(dāng)用真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣。His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.He insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health.3.It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required+ that從句(should) doIt is proposed that more students should go to university.4.My advice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal+ is +表語(yǔ)從句(should)doMy advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.The order from the mander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately.5.His suggestion/advice/request/requirement+ 同位語(yǔ)從句(should )do+ is.The request that they should get more is reasonable.6.It is natural/necessary/strange +that從句 (should) do表驚奇、懷疑、惋惜、不滿、理應(yīng)如此等。Its strange that he should have missed the train. (表竟然)It is important that we should learn from others.(表理應(yīng)如此)It is a pity that he should not go with us.(表驚訝、不滿)7.wish + that clause (did/were 與現(xiàn)在相反)wish + that clause (would/could/might + do與將來(lái)相反)wish + that clause ( had done 與過(guò)去相反)I wish I could go with them tomorrow.I wish I had never met him.8.It is (high/about) time + 從句(did或should do )It is (high/about) time we went home.9.would rather + clause (did 與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)相反);(had done 與過(guò)去相反)I would rather you came tomorrow.I would rather you hadnt told her the news.10.省去條件從句或主句：表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主句或從句有時(shí)可以省略，但其含義仍可以推知。省去條件從句You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了"If you had wanted to")(事實(shí)是:你自己沒(méi)洗衣服，因?yàn)槟悴幌胂础?省去主句(常用以表示愿望) If only + clause ( did/were與現(xiàn)在相反)/ (would/could/might + do與將來(lái)相反) /( had done 與過(guò)去相反) “要是.就好了“If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母與我在一起多好啊!(事實(shí)是:祖母已不在世。)If only she had not left! 如果她沒(méi)走就好了!(事實(shí)是:她已經(jīng)走了。)If only he would e tomorrow!If only I had taken her advice!If only I were ten years younger!注意：only if是“只要”的意思，從句中用陳述語(yǔ)氣。11.as if + clause (did/were 與現(xiàn)在相反) / (would/could/might + do與將來(lái)相反)/( had done 與過(guò)去相反)She treats Kate as if she were her own daughter.They talked as if they had been friends for years.12.would like/was/were to have done somethingI would like to have attended the party, but one of my friends came to see me.13.but for+名詞But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.14.注意虛擬條件從句的特殊形式Without electricity, human life would be quite different today.Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.15.注意轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)氣連詞引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal.I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I should have written it down for her.The captain kept calm in the terrible storm, otherwise the accident wouldnt have been prevented.Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she might have said something she would regret later.16.注意分詞和獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣Given more than two hours, we could have done the work better.Not having finished the work, he couldnt have seen this film.【高考預(yù)測(cè)】1. Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today? I _ all the way here _the heavy snow.A. neednt have driven;through B. cant have driven;acrossC. mustnt have driven;through D. shouldnt have driven;cross2. Mum, its none of my business. Why _ I care? Just because she is your sister.A. can B. should C. will D. may3. I didnt know you were good friends .You _.I have known her since she moved here. You were studying abroad then.A.may have B.neednt have C.couldnt have D.must have4. The concert was wonderful!Really? How I wish I _to the theatre with you yesterday!A. had gone B. might go C. were able to go D. would go5.The two strangers have been talking in the park for a long time as though they _old friends.A. are B. should be C. were D. would be6. _the heavy rain, we _the town.A. But for; should have reached B. Because of; would have reachedC. During the period of; we would reach D. In spite of; we should have reached7. If William _, he _that green peach.Luckily he was sent to the hospital in time.A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken8. Is it good to look up every new word when I e across it in reading?No. You _because you are likely to guess the meaning from the context.A. cant B. mustnt C. dont have to D.ought not to9. _I use your puter to send an e-mail?Yes, you _. But you mustnt keep it too long.Ill surf the Internet after supper.A. Could; could B. Could; must C. Can; can D. Could; can10. When he lived there, he _go to that book shop at the corner with his girlfriend after work every day.A. would B. should C. had better D. might11. I hear youve got a set of Australian coins. _I have a look? Yes, certainly.A. Do B. May C.Shall D. Should12. What happened to the young trees we planted last week?The trees_well, but I didnt water them.A. might grow B. neednt have grown C. would grow D. would have grown13. What _ had Bob walked farther, as far as the river bank?A. would happen B.could happen C. would have happened D.neednt have happened14. Hurry up,Tom.Its high time we_ to the theater.A. will B. shall C. are going to D. went15. Do you think he will do me a favor? As far as I know, he is the last one to help others. He_be prepared to give you a hand, though.A. might B. must C. can D. should16. Even though Id hurt my leg, I_swim back to the river bank.A. could B. might C. had to D. was able to17. It is rather cold here. Shall we light a fire? No, we_because things are easy to catch fire.A. wont B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt18.Would you have told him the answer had it been possible?I would have, but I _so busy then.A. had been B. were C. was D. would be19. The young man insisted that he_ these watches and_free.A. stole, set B. had stolen, be set C. steal, be set D. had stolen; must be set20. I _your address, otherwise I_you long before.A. had forgotten,had visited B.forgot, have visitedC. forgot,would have visited D.have forgotten,would visit21. I_you a beautiful present for your birthday,but I was short of money at that time.A. would buy B. had bought C. would like to have bought D. must have bought22.Do you feel like _ there or shall we take a bus?Id like to walk. But since there isnt much time left, Id rather we_ a taxi.A. walking,hire B. to walk, hire C. to walk,hired D. walking, hired23. Miss White has decided to explore in the forest by herself.She_ask her boyfriend to if she _go walking in the forest.A.neednt to,dares to http:/ B.doesnt need, dares C.need not to,dare to D.neednt, dare24. His failure in the exam suggested that he _ the teachers instructions.A. cant have followed http:/ B. neednt have followedC. mustnt have followed D. shouldnt have followed25.I _ you, but I didnt think you would listen to me.A.could have told B.must have told C.should tell D.might rell26.Ms Lin looks rather a kind lady.But in fact she is cold and hard on us. You_believe it! http:/A.shouldnt B.wouldnt C.mustnt D.neednt27. The managers health was getting worse and worse because of heavy burden，so the doctor stronglyremended that he a holiday.A.took B.would take C.must take D.take28. Its so cold! Why not close the door?Sorry.It .Ill have it repaired soon.A.wont shut B.wont be shut C.hasnt shut D.isnt shut29. I wouldnt marry Pat even if she the last woman on earth.A.is B.was C.had been D.were30. Many students will take part in the school sports meeting this week, so she suggested that the class meeting _ held on Saturday .A. not be B. not to be C. be not D. be not to31._the problem, he wouldnt have mitted those mistakes.A. If he understood B. Had he understood C. When he had understood D. If he would understood32. But those are size 44. You might need a smaller size.Yes, I _ a bit of weight. I have been trying to lose weight!A. will have lost B. should have lost C. may have lost D. cant lose33. Are you going to Lloyds birthday party on Friday? Only if it _, he said he was having a picnic party.A. wouldnt rain B. doesnt rain C. wont rain D. hadnt rained34. If Sanlu Group _melamine to the milk, the babies _ too much from kidney stones.A. didnt add; would not suffered B. hadnt added; wouldnt have sufferedC. hasnt added; wouldnt have suffered D. hadnt added; would have suffered35.The research on the new bird flu virus vaccine is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can do thejob?_ my students have a try?A. Shall B. Will C. Could D. Should【參考答案】1-5ABCAC 6-10ABCDA 11-15BDCDA 16-20DCCBC21-25CDDAA 26-30BDADA 31-35BCBBA非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞【知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納】I.概述1.基本形式的變化：不定式：時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)態(tài)被動(dòng)態(tài)一般式to doto be done進(jìn)行式to be doing完成式to have builtto have been builtJohn said that he had run in order to catch the bus. (一般式的主動(dòng)態(tài))He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被動(dòng)態(tài))He pretended to be listening attentively. (進(jìn)行式)He intended to have told you that. (完成式主動(dòng)態(tài))This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被動(dòng)態(tài))v-ing形式時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)態(tài)被 動(dòng) 態(tài)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done注意：不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)式動(dòng)名詞I am sure of his ing in time. (一般式主動(dòng)態(tài)) (= I am sure that he will e in time)He is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被動(dòng)態(tài)) (= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.)Im confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主動(dòng)態(tài))(= I am confident that he have passed the exam.)He plained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被動(dòng)態(tài))現(xiàn)在分詞He sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主動(dòng)態(tài))Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被動(dòng)態(tài))Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主動(dòng)態(tài))All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被動(dòng)態(tài))2.所做成分項(xiàng)目/成分主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的ing形式現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞不定式過(guò)去分詞注：現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式、過(guò)去分詞都可以作獨(dú)立成分。II.基本知識(shí)1.動(dòng)詞不定式在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞肿髦髡Z(yǔ)。To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.To make money is not the only purpose of our life.賺錢不是我們生活的唯一目的在很多情況下，常用it 來(lái)充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的形式主語(yǔ)。It is important for us to learn English very well.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是非常重要的。作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，常用在以下動(dòng)詞后：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)He managed to pass the exam.他成功地通過(guò)了考試。He promised to be here at nine.他答應(yīng)9點(diǎn)鐘到這兒。I didnt expect to see you here.我沒(méi)有料到在這兒見(jiàn)到你。在某些復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，用it做形式賓語(yǔ)，而把不定式放到后面去。He considered it better to leave now.他認(rèn)為最好現(xiàn)在就離開(kāi)。I found it impossible to finish the work on time.我發(fā)現(xiàn)準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作是不可能的。作定語(yǔ)(常置于名詞之后)。由only, last, next 序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞常用不定式做定語(yǔ); 不定式還可用作名詞代詞的的賓語(yǔ) (ability, anything, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure,intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something)She is always the first student to arrive at school.He is always the last one to leave the office.他總是最后一個(gè)離開(kāi)辦公室。I dont think he is the best man to do the job.我想他不是做這項(xiàng)工作的最佳人選。I have no desire to travel.Youll fi