2019-2020年高三英語二輪 備考抓分點透析專題7 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài).doc

2019-2020年高三英語二輪 備考抓分點透析專題7 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)【xx年高考命題預測】毫無疑問，動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是是高中英語的重要語法點，更是歷年高考的考查熱點。同學們在復習這一語言點時應注意：1、考綱要求的動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的基本用法；2、易混時態(tài)用法比較；3、根據固定時間狀語、固定句型確定時態(tài)的情況；4、主動形式表被動意義的情況；5、不用被動語態(tài)的情況。通過分析近年的全國高考試題可以預測xx年高考對動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的考查依然會注重在具體語境中考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的運用?！局仉y點突破】【概述】英語動詞時態(tài)變化從時間上可劃分為“現在時”，“過去時”，“將來時”和“過去將來時”四大類，每類又包括“一般式”、“進行式”、“完成式”和“完成進行式”四式，共十六種時態(tài)形式。其中常用的有十種：一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、過去將來時、現在進行時、過去進行時、現在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時、現在完成進行時等十種。英語的語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。幾種基本事態(tài)的基本用法一般現在時：構成：主語+ 動詞原形或第三人稱單數形式 用法：1）、經常性或習慣性的動作，常與usually, always, sometimes, every day, frequently等一起使用。He always help others in his spare time. 2）、現在存在的狀態(tài)或具有的特征China is a great socialist country.3）、客觀規(guī)律、正確事實或科學真理、格言以及其他不受時間限制的客觀存在（10上海）28. Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had4）、表示安排或計劃要做的動作（句中常有表示未來時間的狀語），主要用于begin, e, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, open, close等瞬間動詞。The plane takes off at seven oclock this morning.5）、在時間、條件、方式、讓步狀語從句中，表示將來的動作常用一般現在時I am afraid you must inform him of the meeting , in case he es late for the meeting一When shall we restart our business? 一Not until we our plan Awill finish Bare finishing Care to finish Dhave finished6）、在here, there引導的句子中，常用一般現在時代替現在進行時Here es the bus！=The bus is ing！ 一般過去時：構成：主語+ 動詞的過去式用法：1）、表示過去某時間發(fā)生的事或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday, the other day, last, ago等時間狀語連用。（xx湖南卷）27In 1942, Columbus_ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off IndiaAlands Blanded Chas landed Dhad landed2）、表示過去發(fā)生的一連串動作The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled with satisfaction.教授把一根手指頭伸進嘴里，嘗了嘗，滿意地笑了。3）、在時間、條件等狀語從句中用一般過去時表示將來的動作He said he would let us know if he got any news.4）、用于“It + 時間 + since 引導的狀語從句（一般過去時）” 當since引導的狀語從句中，謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞的過去式時，意為：自以來時間了”；當since引導的狀語從句中，謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞過去式時，意為：自不以來，已經時間了。（xx湖南卷）30It is the most instructive lecture that I _since I came to this schoolAattended Bhad attended Cam attending Dhave attended 一般將來時 構成：主語 + shall/will + 動詞原形用法：1）、表示將來發(fā)生的行為或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, some day, next, from now on, in the future, in等時間狀語連用。She will be back in a few minutes.2）、表示一種傾向。Crops will die without water.3）、祈使句或名詞短語 + and/or +主語+will doFollow your teacher，and you will make progress.4）、wont 可表示“不能”，“沒法”The door wont shut. Please have it repaired.5）、幾種將來時態(tài)的表達方式：、be going to do sth. 表打算；（客觀跡象）預示Look at the clouds,it is going to rain.、be to do sth.表示按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事情或注定要發(fā)生的事.The line is to be opened to traffic next year.、be about to do sth. “即將或正要去做”，常不與具體的時間副詞連用。He is about to cross the road when he sees an old friend of his.、be doing 指最近按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作，常用于go, start, set out, leave, arrive, e, return等動詞We are going to Wuhan this summer.、一般現在時表將來，（常用于go, e, start, set out, arrive等動詞），表示早已計劃好，到時一定發(fā)生的事，也可表示按時間進程或時間表的安排，到時一定要發(fā)生的事 The train starts at five oclock.6）、將來時間表達法的用法比較：、will 和be going to：這兩個結構都可表示“意圖”，?？苫Q。如果是事先考慮過的，即說話之前已經考慮過的，常用be going to 表示；如果不是事先考慮過的，即說話時刻才考慮到的，要用will表示。另外，be going to還可表示具備已有跡象表明將發(fā)生某事，體現進程已經開始，事情即將發(fā)生。、be going to 和 be to ：兩者都可用于表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作，即人們意志所能控制的動作。對于不受人們意志控制的將來動作，也就是非人們主觀所能安排的將來動作，只能用be going to 表示，不能用be to. 過去將來時：構成：主語+ would +動詞原形用法：這個時態(tài)主要表示從過去某時看將來要發(fā)生的事情，它是一種相應的時態(tài)，總是同某一過去的時間或過去的動作相對應而存在，常用在賓語從句和間接引語中。（xx上海卷） 34Did you predict that many students _ up for the dance petition?Awould signBsignedChave signedDhad signed 現在進行時： 構成：主語+ am/is/are + 動詞的現在分詞用法：1）、說話時正在進行或發(fā)生的動作（xx湖南卷）22-Joan, what_in your hand?-Look! Its a birthday gift for my grandmaAhad you held Bare you holdingCdo you hold Dwill you hold（xx遼寧卷）28Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I _Awas doing Bam doing Chave done Dhad been doing（xx重慶卷）21That price of music sounds quite familiarWho _the piano upstairs?Ahas played Bplayed Cplays Dis playing2）、當前一段時間內的活動或現階段正在進行的動作（說話時動作不一定正在進行）（xx江蘇卷）21I hear you _ in a pubWhats it like?Well, its very hard work and Im always tired, but I dont mindAare working Bwill work Cwere working Dwill be working3）、表說話人對主語的行為表贊嘆、厭惡等情緒，常與always, constantly, forever, repeatedly 等詞連用He is constantly leaving things about.4）、最近計劃或安排要進行的動作，常用于go, e, leave, start, arrive, stay, meet, play等詞。I am starting this project next tuseday. 過去進行時：構成：主語+was/were +動詞的現在分詞用法：1）、過去某一時刻或某段時間正在進行的動作或從過去某時刻到某時刻正在進行的動作。（xx浙江卷）15The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _ in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothlyAgave Bgives Cwas giving Dhad givenI walked slowly through the market, where people all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold2)、和現在進行時一樣，過去進行時可與always, forever, constantly等詞連用，表示說話人的情緒She was forever plaining.3)、過去進行時表示對于過去某時間來說將要發(fā)生的事情She asked me if you were going to Qingdao.、描寫故事的背景It was winter. The north wind was blowing hard and a heavy snow was falling. A poor girl was walking in the street.冬天，北風刮著，下著大雪，一個可憐的小女孩走在大街上。 現在完成時：構成：主語+ have/has + 動詞的過去分詞用法：1）、過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果，句中常有already, just, never, ever, lately, recently, , in the past+一段時間，so far等狀語（xx天津卷）3In the last few years thousands of films _ allover the wordAhave produced Bhave been produced Care producing Dare being producedUp to now, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved2）、從過去開始，持續(xù)到現在的動作或狀態(tài)（10天津）4. We on this project for four hours. Lets have a rest. A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked3）、用在時間、條件從句中，表示從句動作先于主句動作之前完成一When shall we restart our business? 一Not until we our plan Awill finish Bare finishing Care to finish Dhave finished4）、“最高級+名詞”或“It is the + 序數詞+ time” 后的定語從句中。（xx湖南卷）30It is the most instructive lecture that I _since I came to this schoolAattended Bhad attended Cam attending Dhave attended5）、應用現在完成時應注意：瞬間動詞用于完成時表示一個動作的結束，不能和 “for”或 “since”連用，但它們的否定形式可以連用。如：We have not heard from him for ten days.我們已經十天沒他的消息了。另外，如果把瞬間動詞轉變成相應的持續(xù)動詞，就可和 “for”或 “since”連用。die be dead leave/go be awayjoin be inbegin be onfall ill be ill finish be overmake friends be friends return be back borrow keep e be buy havemarry be married 現在完成進行時：構成：主語+ have/has + been +動詞的現在分詞用法：表示動作從過去一個時間開始，一直延續(xù)到現在，強調在此階段時間里，動作一直在進行。、過去開始而且現在仍在進行的動作、過去開始，現在剛剛停止的動作、現在看到其直接結果的動作（xx北京卷）23Tom _ in the library every night over the last three monthsAworksBworkedChas been workingDhad been working（xx江西）30 Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _ since her marriage to Father. A shoulders B shouldered C is shouldering D has been shouldering(xx陜西）21. I have to see the doctor because I a lot lately. A. have been coughing B. had coughed C. coughed D. cough. -Weve spent too much money recently. -well, it isnt surprising. Our friend and relatives _around all the time A. are ing B. had e C. were ing D. have been ingIm tired out. . I all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything. A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping（xx天津）4. We on this project for four hours. Lets have a rest. A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked（10江蘇）23. why, Jack, you look so tired! Well, I _the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting 過去完成時：構成：主語+ had + 動詞的過去分詞用法：1)、表示過去某時間或動作之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作。（xx北京卷）21Experiments of this kind in both the USand Europe well before the Second World WarAhave conducted Bhave been conductedChad conducted Dhad been conducted（xx四川卷）19What a mistake!YesI his doing it another way, but without successAwas suggesting Bwill suggest Cwould suggest Dhad suggested（xx山東卷）35She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _ everything!Ahad been eating Bhad eatenChave eaten Dhave been eating（xx福建卷）32Last month,the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they From ChinaAreceive Bare receiving Chave received Dhad received（xx安徽）28. -Were you surprised by the ending of the film?-No, I _the book, so I already knew the story?A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have readIt took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _ for me. A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing2）、表示從過去某時間開始，持續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和for, since引導的短語或從句連用。（xx遼寧卷）34By the time Jack returned home from England, his son from collegeAgraduated Bhas graduatedChad been Dhad graduated3）、用于句型：It was the +序數詞+ time that該句型表示到“was”時已是第幾次做某事，即在“was”前已做過某事幾次，因此該句在時間上體現“過去的過去”，所以應用過去完成時。4）、用于句型：It was + 時間段+ since該句型表示到自從做某事以來已有多長時間，即在這個（過去）時間段之前已做某事，因此該句型在時間上體現“過去的過去”， 應用過去完成時。They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I had enjoyed a good drink.5）、過去沒有實現的想法、希望和打算，即“本打算”We had intended to see you, but we werent free.6）、用于句型：hardlyscarecelywhen(before), 及no soonerthan “一就”Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang. 將來完成時：構成：主語 + shall/will + have +動詞的過去分詞用法：表示未來某一時間之前將完成的動作。（xx江蘇卷）23-Tommy is planning to buy a car-I know By next month ,he_enough for a used oneAsaves B . saved Cwill save Dwill have saved將來進行時：構成：主語 + will + be + 動詞的現在分詞用法：、表示在將來某時刻或某階段正在進行的動作、有時可表示預計即將發(fā)生或勢必要發(fā)生的動作. Guess what, weve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer. -How nice! You a different culture then. A. will be experiencing B. have experiencedC. have been experiencingD. will have experienced幾種易混時態(tài)的對比1、一般現在時與現在進行時：、一般現在時主要用于習慣性或經常性做的事，常拌隨使用頻度副詞usually, often, seldom等；現在進行時主要用于表示目前或現階段正在進行的動作或狀態(tài)，常跟時間狀語now, at present等。He usually writes a lot of letters, but he isnt writing at present.他經常寫許多信，但他現在沒有寫信。、表示客觀事實或普遍真理時，要用一般現在時，不能用現在進行時。The earth goes around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉。、“感覺” 或 “短暫”動詞，通常用一般現在時，不用現在進行時。如：知覺動詞：see, hear, taste, smell 等；意識狀態(tài)的動詞：know, believe, like, hate, understand等I smell burning. 我嗅到燒著的味。He knows German best. 他很熟悉德語。2、一般過去時與過去進行時：、一般過去時可表示一個完成的動作，而過去進行時表示正在進行的動作。I was reading a novel last night. 昨晚我在看小說（可能沒看完）。I read a novel last night. 我昨晚看了一本小說（已經看完了）。、一般過去時可用于一個單純動作，過去進行時可用于過去一段時間反復做的動作。Did he ask questions? 他提問題了嗎？He was asking questions the whole time. 他始終在提問題。、一般過去時表示過去某個時刻發(fā)生的動作（側重在說明事實），過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間發(fā)生的動作（強調在這一過程中所進行的動作或展開的情景）He drew a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午畫了一張畫（昨天下午他做了這么一件事）。He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午在畫畫（昨天下午他一直在畫畫，沒干別的事）。、過去進行時表示過去某個時間正在進行的動作，一般過去時表示當時臨時發(fā)生的短暫性動作When I was pouring the tea, I dropped a cup.我在倒茶的時候，失手打了一個茶杯。3、現在完成時與一般過去時：、兩者都表示在過去做的動作。但現在完成時表示過去動作與現在的關系，主要說明現在的情況；一般過去時強調動作發(fā)生在過去某一時間，與現在不發(fā)生聯系。Theyve gone to Paris.他們到巴黎去了（說明他們現在去巴黎了，不在這里）。They went to Paris.他們去過巴黎（只說明去過，不表明是否現在仍在那里）。I havent seen him since last week.我從上周就一直沒見過他（現在仍未見到）。I didnt see him last week.我上周沒看到他（只說明上周末見，不說明現在）。、現在完成時表示從過去發(fā)生到現在一段時間內的任何時間，可與today, this week, since等表示包括現在一段時間的狀語連用，但不能和表示過去時間的狀語連用；一般過去時表示的是過去某一特定時間，或與現在無關的某一過去時間。I havent seen the film yet.我還沒看過這部影片（到目前為止）。I saw it the day before yesterday.我前天看的這部電影（表明看電影的時間是在前天）。4、過去完成時與一般過去時：、過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已經發(fā)生或完成的動作，在句中一般有另一過去時間或動作與它比較，它是一個相對的時態(tài)，表示的是過去的過去，只有在和過去某時或某動作相比較時才用到它；一般過去時表示在過去某個時間發(fā)生的一個動作。She had learned some English before she came to our school.她來我們學校以前學過一些英語（e to our school是過去發(fā)生的一個動作，learn English是e to our school以前的情況）。We had had breakfast when she came.她來時，我們已經吃過早飯了（e 是過去發(fā)生的一個動作，have breakfast是發(fā)生在e之前的事情）。、如果主句所表示的動作發(fā)生在時間狀語從句所表示的動作之前，在狀語從句中用一般過去時，在主句中就要用過去完成時。反之，如果時間狀語從句所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句所表示的動作之前，則在從句中用過去完成時，主句就用一般過去時。When I had written the letter, I went at once to post it.我寫好了信，馬上就寄出去。、在以連詞 after和before指明兩個過去動作的時間先后關系時，after和before引導的狀語從句中可用過去完成時，也可用一般過去時。如：Mary left the room after she had turned off (或turned off) the light.瑪麗關燈以后離開了房間。Before he came to college, he served (或had served ) in the army.他來上大學以前曾在部隊服役。5、現在完成時與過去完成時：現在完成時表示對“現在”來說，過去發(fā)生或完成的動作或存在過的狀態(tài)對現在產生的影響或其結果依然存在。而過去完成時，則是對“過去”來說，以前發(fā)生過或完成了的動作或存在過的狀態(tài)對其產生的影響或它的結果依然存在。We havent heard from him for quite a long time.我們很久沒收到他的信了（到現在我們都沒收到他的信）。They had known each other for about a year before they got married.他們結婚以前彼此相識約一年之久（相識一年是指他們在結婚以前，而不是指現在）。6、一般將來時與過去將來時：一般將來時表示對“現在時刻”來說，將要發(fā)生的動作或將要存在的狀態(tài)；而過去將來時表示對“過去時刻”來說，將要發(fā)生的動作或將要存在的狀態(tài)。She is sixteen, who will be seventeen next year.她十六歲，明年將十七歲。She said that she would be seventeen the next year.她說她次年將十七歲。7、一般將來時與將來進行時的用法比較：、Will you do sth.? 可以表示邀請，或表達一個有禮貌的請求或表達一項命令，而將來進行時沒有這些意義。如：Will you help me with the box?請你幫我搬一下這個箱子好嗎 （表示一種請求）？Will you be waiting here?你會在這里等嗎 （一個關于將來動作的問話）？、一般將來時表示一個帶有主觀意圖的將來動作，將來進行時表達不帶意圖的將來動作Ill write to him and tell him about it.我要給他寫封信，告訴他這件事 （表達個人意愿）。Well be needing more and more machine.我們將需要越來越多的機器（客觀上將勢必需要）。8、現在完成進行時與現在完成時：現在完成時表示過去開始的一個動作到目前為止已經完成；現在完成進行時表示動作仍繼續(xù)。Ive read The Red Sun.我已經看過紅日了（已經完成）。I have been reading The Red Sun these days.這些天我一直在看紅日（仍在繼續(xù)）。、現在完成時強調過去動作的現在結果；現在完成進行時如表示剛結束的動作時則強調不久前持續(xù)的動作。I have written him a letter.我給他寫了一封信（到現在為止已經寫完了）。I have been writing a letter since three oclock.我從三點以來一直在寫信（強調一直在寫，不表明是否寫完）。、現在完成進行時可以和一個時間短語連用，也可以沒有時間短語。這樣用時，它有別于現在完成時，現在完成時只有增加for, since或never等時間短語，才能表達這種持續(xù)的動作。I have been practicing the piano.我一直在練彈鋼琴。I have lived here for five years. 我在這里住了五年了（不能說I have lived here.）。、現在完成進行時一般不適用于狀態(tài)動詞，要表示狀態(tài)動詞的“仍在繼續(xù)”用法，只能用現在完成時。I have known him since children.我從小就認識他（不能用現在完成進行時）。主動形式表被動意義的情況(1)、某些連系動詞(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主動表被動，因為連系動詞為不及物動詞，它們沒有被動語態(tài)形式：That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起來很危險。Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法聽起來很好。My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意見證實是錯的。(2)、當open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物動詞且表示主語的某種屬性時，通常用主動形式表示被動意義：The door wont shut. 這門關不上。The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的門是自動關的?！咀ⅰ吭撚梅ǖ牟患拔飫釉~通常與cant, wont 等連用，注意它與用被動語態(tài)含義不同：The window wont shut. 這窗戶關不上。(說明主語的屬性窗戶有問題了)The window wont be shut. 這窗戶將不用關上。(窗戶本身沒問題，只是不用關)有時可能用主動和被動形式均可，只是強調重點稍有不同：Suddenly the door opened. 突然門開了。(不強調動作執(zhí)行者)The door was suddenly opened. 門突然被打開了。(強調動作執(zhí)行者)(3)、當read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物動詞且表示主語的某種屬性時，通常要用主動形式表示被動意義：The cloth washes well. 這種布料好洗。The book sells quickly. 這書銷售得快。This cheese doesnt cut easily. Its too soft. 這乳酪不容易切，太軟了。This shirt will wear very long. 這襯衫可以穿很久?！咀ⅰ吭撚梅ㄍǔＥcwell, easily, slowly, quickly等副詞連用，并且在用于以上意思時通常不宜直接使用被動語態(tài)形式。不過在某些特殊情況下也可用被動語態(tài)，只是含義稍有不同(用主動形式表示主語的屬性，用被動形式表示動作執(zhí)行者所執(zhí)行的動作)：The sentences read clearly. 這些句子讀起來很清楚。(即這句子沒有歧義)The sentences are read clearly. 這些句子被讀得很清楚。(指讀的人讀得好)另外，以上用法有時也可能用于進行時態(tài)：The vegetables are cooking. 蔬菜正在煮著。Is the book selling well? 這書銷售情況如何?(4)、某些表示開始和結束的動詞(begin, start, finish, end等)，當主語為事物且不強調動作的執(zhí)行者時，可用主動形式表示被動意義：When does the concert begin? 音樂會什么時候開始？ The play ended at ten oclock. 戲10點鐘結束。(5)、有的動詞本身含有被動意味，通常用主動形式來表示被動含義：Where is the new film showing? 這部新電影在哪里放映?My skirt caught on a nail. 我的裙子被釘子鉤住了。Soon the house filled with people. 很快房子就擠滿了人。（6）、某些動詞、短語和句型中：如：last, happen, take place, break out, belong to, need/want/require doing sth., be worth doing, be to blame等 Great changes have taken place in my hometown.我的家鄉(xiāng)已發(fā)生了巨大的變化。It is known that Taiwan belongs to China.眾所周知，臺灣屬于中國。被動結構表示主動含義：如：get married 結婚，be addicted to sth.沉溺于，be seated 坐著，be lost in thought沉思著，be devoted to sth.投身于，專注于，be interested in sth.對某事物感興趣，be surprised 感到吃驚?！靖呖颊骖}剖析】（10上海）31. The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored答案：【D】 本題考查被動語態(tài)。Restore意思為修復，而最后一句表明工程還未完成，因此為正在修復中，答案選D. （10湖南）24. This coastal area a national wildlife reserve last year. A. was named B. named C. is named D. names答案：【A】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據主語“This coastal area”與name之間的被動關系排除B、D兩項。根據句中的last year判斷用一般過去時，故選A項。（xx天津卷）3In the last few years thousands of films allover the wordAhave produced Bhave been producedCare producing Dare being produced答案【B】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據時間狀語In the last few years應該選用現在完成時，又因為thousands of films與produce之間是被動關系，所以選擇B.（xx湖南卷）27 In 1942 ，Columbus_ on the of the Bahama islands, but he mistook it for an island off IndiaAlands BlandedChas landed Dhad landed答案【B】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據時間狀語In 1942，所以選擇B。（xx湖南卷）34 In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _ by scientistsAare making Bare made Cwill make Dwill be made答案【D】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據時間狀語In the near future，主語more advances與動詞make之間是動賓關系，所以選擇D.（xx安徽卷）32I didnt ask for the name listWhy _on my desk?I put it there just now in case you needed itAdoes it land Bhas it landed Cwill it land Dhad it landed答案【B】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據句意，對現在造成了影響，所以選擇B.【真題練習】（10上海）28. Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had答案：B考點：本題考查時態(tài)。解析：根據時間狀語every few years,可判斷本句應為一般現在時，因此答案選B。31. The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored答案：D考點：本題考查被動語態(tài)。解析：Restore意思為修復，而最后一句表明工程還未完成，因此為正在修復中，答案選D. （10福建）28. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they before leaving their hometowns.A. promisedB. were promisedC. have promisedD. have been promised 28. 答案：D考點：現在完成時的被動語態(tài)31. Guess what, weve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer. -How nice! You a different culture then. A. will be experiencingB. have experiencedC. have been experiencingD. will have experienced31. 答案：A考點：考查將來進行時解析：-猜猜看，我們已經得到了今年夏天去香港的短期簽證-太棒了，你到時候將會感受到不同的文化（10安徽）28. -Were you surprised by the ending of the film?-No, I _the book, so I already knew the story?A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read答案：B. 考點：本題考查時態(tài)用法。解析：句意為“我看過書了，已知道這個故事”。在“knew”前已看過，故用過去完成時。34. -Weve spent too much money recently. -well, it isnt surprising. Our friend and relatives _around all the time A. are ing B. had e C. were ing D. have been ing答案：D. 考點：本題考查時態(tài)用法。解析：句意為“近來我們花了太多錢了。-并不驚奇，近來朋友和親戚總是來訪。”用have been ing表示從過去到現在一直所發(fā)生的動作。（10湖南）24. This coastal area a national wildlife reserve last year. A. was named B. named C. is named D. names24. 答案：A考點：考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。解析：根據主語“This coastal area”與name之間的被動關系排除B、D兩項。根據句中的last year判斷用一般過去時，故選A項。27. I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone it. Was it you?A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do27. 答案：B考點：考查動詞時態(tài)。解析：該空動作發(fā)生在was just going to cut之前，即表示過去的過去，故用過去完成時態(tài)。句意為：“我正要剪切我的薔薇叢但（發(fā)現）有人已經將它剪切了。是你干的嗎？”31. I walked slowly through the market, where people all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold31. 答案：B