主謂一致 (5)

主 謂 一 致 概念：謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱與數(shù)上必須同主語保持一致， 叫主謂一致。主謂一致 語法一致 意義一致 就近 一致 句子的主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式； 主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如： A sheep eats grass. H e is a student. She likes English. Sheep eat grass. We are students. They like English. I、語法一致 II、意義一致原則 即謂語動(dòng)詞該用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語所表達(dá)的意義是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。 如： The Chinese are hard-working 中國(guó)人是勤勞的。 1、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞，從句或不可數(shù)名詞做主語， 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如：Listening to the tapes is helpful to our English study .2、表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、重量、數(shù)目、數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞 或短語做主語時(shí)，表示整體概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如：Ten years has passed. 10 kilometers is a long way for him . H e is too tired .3、由and ，bothand連接的兩個(gè)名詞做主語， 表示兩個(gè)不同的人或物時(shí)(每個(gè)名詞前各有冠詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)（此時(shí)第二個(gè)名詞前沒有冠詞），謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如：The painter and the writer have come to our school. ( 畫家和作家，兩個(gè)人) The painter and writer has come to our school . （畫家兼作家，同一個(gè)人） 5、主語是單數(shù)， 后面跟著as well as, no less than, rather than, but, besides, except, with, together with, along with , not , including, like 等再接一個(gè)名詞時(shí)， 謂語不受后一個(gè)名詞的影響， 仍然用單數(shù)。如果第一個(gè)名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，后再接這些詞再加一個(gè)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。也就是說，謂語要與第一個(gè)名詞保持一致。Jack, as well as his parents, goes to see his grandpa every week.A woman with a baby in her hands was seen coming from the corner of the street. 4、不定代詞（somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything , nobody, no one, nothing, each , every） 做主語時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如：Lucy, someone is waiting for you at the gate . Is everyone here? 6. 集體名詞：army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team., company, crew 等作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如果主語作為一個(gè)整體看，謂語用單數(shù)；如果作為其中的成員（個(gè)體）看，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 The family are watching TV now. 他們一家人正在看電視。My family is a happy one. 我的家庭是一個(gè)幸福的家庭。 Class One is a very good class . Now Class One are having a basketball match.7. 主語是youth, police, people, clothes, public 等表示復(fù)數(shù)的（集體）名詞做主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。而表示成雙成對(duì)的名詞，如gloves, shoes, glasses, scissors, trousers等詞后，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但用a pair of, this pair of, that pair of 加這些詞，謂語用單數(shù)。 Where are my shoes? This pair of shoes is not mine. 8. the rest of, a part of, a lot of , lots of., plenty of, half of, some of, most of, 百分比以及分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞作主語，若名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，若名詞為可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 9. the + 形容詞表示一類人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：The old are taken good care of in this old peoples house . 10. the + 姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)，表一家人或夫婦兩人,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：The G reens are going to G ermany next week.11. news（新聞），politics（政治），maths（數(shù)學(xué)）， physics（物理）等詞，雖然形式上是以s結(jié)尾， 但表示的意義是單數(shù)，故謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。 相反，people，police等詞形式上是單數(shù)形式， 但表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： Maths is my favourite subject數(shù)學(xué)是我最喜歡的學(xué)科。 12 the number of +（名詞復(fù)數(shù)） “的數(shù)量” 謂語用單數(shù) The number of the students in our school is over 2,000. 我們學(xué)校的人數(shù)是兩千多。 a number of +（名詞復(fù)數(shù)）“許多，大量”， 謂語用復(fù)數(shù) A number of students are from the country. III 就近一致原則： or, eitheror not onlybut also notbut 連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語，謂語要與最靠近謂語的那個(gè)名詞或代詞保持一致 There be 句型,謂語要與最靠近be的那個(gè)名詞或代詞保 持一致 H ere be 句型,謂語要與最靠近be的那個(gè)名詞或代詞保持一致 There is a book and two pens on the table. There are two pens and a book on the table Here are some books for you. Here is your pen. Not only the students but also the teacher likes the film very much. Not only the teacher but also the students like the film very much.