2019-2020年高中英語專項(xiàng)突破 完形填空 同、近義或者反義辨析能力.doc

2019-2020年高中英語專項(xiàng)突破 完形填空 同、近義或者反義辨析能力技能考查簡介普通高中課程改革英語學(xué)科教學(xué)指導(dǎo)意見指出：高中英課程的總目標(biāo)之一是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力；語言技能和語言知識(shí)是綜合語言運(yùn)用能力的基礎(chǔ)。并因此而著重提高學(xué)生用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力，特別注重提高學(xué)生用英語進(jìn)行思維和表達(dá)的能力；形成跨文化交際的意識(shí)和基本的跨文化交際能力。高中英語考試說明的命題要求明確指出：“完形填空考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力和詞匯的綜合運(yùn)用能力，所選語言材料要有利于考生進(jìn)行語篇分析，要保證本大題有較好的區(qū)分度?！币虼耍呖纪晷翁羁疹}這種題型的設(shè)置是檢驗(yàn)課程實(shí)施效果的方法之一。該題形要求高中生必須具備快速閱讀理解一篇抽去相當(dāng)數(shù)量詞匯文章的內(nèi)容領(lǐng)悟能力和分析推斷能力，綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語法知識(shí)、詞匯辨析能力，常識(shí)和邏輯推理能力，和具有一定的跨文化交際意識(shí)和能力。具體考查技能如下：詞匯辨析能力：詞匯辨析能力的考查主要集中在名詞，動(dòng)詞，形容詞和副詞上，選項(xiàng)往往以同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或拼寫相近容易混淆詞的形式出現(xiàn)。其中，由于篇章中會(huì)帶有作者主觀的意識(shí)，因此在形容詞或者副詞的考查上會(huì)出現(xiàn)感情色彩的辨析。同、近義或者反義辨析和感情色彩詞匯辨析能力（五）同、近義或者反義辨析同、近義詞或者反義詞：在閱讀完形填空的文章過程中，有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些與選項(xiàng)意義緊密相連的同義詞、近義詞、反義詞。因此，要學(xué)會(huì)充分利用這些詞提供的有效信息進(jìn)行合理的推測判斷，選出正確的答案e.g. (xx福建) We have been driving in fog all morning, but the fog is lifting now. The little seaside village are 36 , one by one. Aappearing B. moving C. exposing D .expanding【解析】此題主要考查appear和 expose的近義詞的辨析。根據(jù)上文but the fog is lifting now，可知霧開始消散了，得知該句的所要表達(dá)的含義為“海邊的小村莊一個(gè)接著一個(gè)的顯露出來?！保?可以直接排除move移動(dòng)； expand 使膨脹。因expose 使暴露，一般用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；appear 出現(xiàn)，顯露，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，得出正確答案為A。一、小試牛刀：1、He then walked_ 42_without even finishing his food.42. A. on B. around C. up D. away 2、She often sees double and cant 38 how far away things are.38. A. tellB. guessC. assumeD. predict3、That morning, however, the process didnt 20 quickly.20. A. goB. beginC. occurD. change4、“You shouldnt 24 what people say about what you look like because were not different from anyone else, Holly,”24A. write downB. agree withC. pass on D. listen to5、She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics. Her 52 is to reach level 9.52. A. standardB. rangeC. viewD. goal【答案解析】1、【解析】D。動(dòng)詞短語辨析。He then walked_without even finishing his food（甚至沒有吃完食物，然后他就走了）walk away 走開。walk on 繼續(xù)走，walk around四處走， walk up往上走，均不符合語境。2、【解析】A。動(dòng)詞辨析。tell辨別；判定， guess 猜測；推測； assume假設(shè)，假定；predict 預(yù)言，預(yù)測。根據(jù)上文的see double看東西都是雙影，指明Lola Walter不能辨別事物的距離。A為正確選項(xiàng)。3、【解析】A。動(dòng)詞辨析。事情進(jìn)展如何，常用動(dòng)詞go，而不用begin, occur, change。4、【解析】D。短語詞義辨析。根據(jù)what people say about（人們說什么），可知是不要聽，因此選項(xiàng)D正確。A. write sown 記下B. agree with 同意C. pass on 傳遞，均不符合語境。5、【解析】D。名詞辨析。她的目標(biāo)是達(dá)到體操九級(jí)。standard 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)； range 范圍； view 視圖風(fēng)景；goal 目標(biāo)，均不符合語境。二、基礎(chǔ)鞏固：1、 46 the hill and across the valley, she rode to the 47 of the golden house.46. A. OverB. DownC. AroundD. Beside47. A. windowsB. stepsC. centerD. gate2、He was turning to leave when suddenly he 39 a hot breath about his ear. 39. A. took B. released C. felt D. drew3、Then through the hospital I was 21 to a childrens burns camp, where children like me can get any help. There, I 22 14-year-old Stephanie, whose burns are a lot more serious than mine.21A. promotedB .introducedC. reportedD. carried22A. metB. recognizedC. rememberedD. caught4、Such is Dadwhether problem he 25 , he never gives up. 25. A. meets withB. brings up C. works outD. thinks about5、When I was just 20 months old, I suffered serious 13 after a bowl full hot oil fell on my head.13 A. hungerB .coldC. defeatsD. burns【答案解析】1、【解析】B。考查介詞的辨析。A. Over 通過，B. Down 向下，C. Around，周圍，D. Beside在旁邊。由 “ across the valley”和“ rode tohouse”騎車得先下山，才能穿過山谷，騎回家。故答案是B。2、【解析】C。考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. took 帶走，B. released釋放，D. drew 拉。根據(jù)本句a hot breath about his ear. 可推知本空C項(xiàng)felt正確。，均不符合語境。3、【解析】A?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。A. met 遇到，B. recognized 認(rèn)出，C. remembered記起，D. caught 抓住。根據(jù)前句可知作者去了一個(gè)兒童燒傷營，所以，她在那里應(yīng)該是遇到了一個(gè)女孩，因此可知選項(xiàng)A正確。4、【解析】A?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語辨析。 A. meets with遇見，B. brings up帶大，C. works out算出，D. thinks about考慮。本句意思是：無論他“遇到”什么難題，他都不會(huì)放棄。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：遇到，撫養(yǎng)，解出（難題），考慮，只有選項(xiàng)A符合句意。5、【解析】?？疾槊~辨析。A. hunger 饑餓，B .cold 寒冷，C. defeats失敗，D. burns燒傷。根據(jù)a bowl full hot oil fell on my head，可知作者受的是燙傷，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。三、能力提高：1、By bad luck, my purse strap(帶子) got 28 on a chair and the tray(托盤) that I was holding slipped 29 my hands and went flying in the air.29. A. by B. in C. from D. out2、With my suitcase _36_ and some sandwiches in a bag, I started for the front door and said to Mom, “ Im leaving.”36. A. packedB .returnedC. cleanedD. repaired3、She 53 and all of a sudden she saw an amazing 54 . There on the other side of the valley was a little house and its windows were golden.53. A. turned around B. cheered up C. settled down D. dropped in54. A. hillB. valleyC. backgroundD. sight4、I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday”, which was to make us more 36 the problems faced by disabled people. 36. A. curious about B. interested in C. aware of D. careful with5、Her biggest 44 is the balance beam. Because she has double vision, she often sees tow beams.44. A. doubtB. advantageC. challengeD. program【答案解析】1、【解析】C?？疾榻樵~辨析。A. by 在.旁邊， B. in在里面，C. from從， D. out在外。本題的關(guān)鍵詞是slip“滑脫，滑掉”。句子的前半部分The tray that I was holding (我端著的托盤)，因此，本句想表達(dá)的是：托盤從我的手中滑落飛了出去。故選擇C項(xiàng)。2、【解析】A。考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)詞匯的意義解題。packed“包裝，打包”；returned“返回；報(bào)答”; cleaned“使干凈”; repaired“修理”. pack suitcase 意為“收拾好行李箱”。3、【解析】A。考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A. turned around 轉(zhuǎn)身， B. cheered up 鼓勵(lì)， C. settled down 定居下來， D. dropped in拜訪。根據(jù)下文提示解題。下文提到There on the other side of the valley可知這里指“小女孩轉(zhuǎn)過身，回頭看”，所以選擇A。4、【解析】C?？疾樾稳菰~短語辨析。A. curious about對(duì)好奇，B. interested in對(duì).感興趣，C. aware of 意識(shí)到D. careful with 對(duì)小心仔細(xì)。根據(jù)句意：活動(dòng)的目的是為了讓參與者更多地了解和感受殘疾人所面臨的問題，故選C。5、【解析】C?？疾槊~的辨析。doubt懷疑，疑惑；advantage 優(yōu)勢(shì)；有利條件； challenge 挑戰(zhàn)； progress進(jìn)步；前進(jìn)。下一句提到因?yàn)樗曈X有重影，會(huì)看到兩根平衡木，所以，平衡木對(duì)她是最大的挑戰(zhàn)。故選擇。四、終極挑戰(zhàn)：1、I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road 40 the Potomac River in West Virginia.40. A. atB. throughC. overD. round2、Farmer Mikes house had been a great place for the little mouse 35 the farmer married a wife who had a cat. Zigfried 36 when he thought of it.35. A. although B. until C. whereas D. unless36. A. leapt B. sniffed C. trembled D. withdrew3、In my application letter, I was careful to 21 how much I wanted to see France; evidently, my excitement really came through in my words.21. A. discussB. expressC. announceD. argue4、There are four of us now in the house, but over time Ive had nine people e in and move on to other places. Wed all be in 54 if we hadnt banded together.54. A. yards B. sheltersC. campsD. cottages5、He always puts our happiness 32 his own, and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games 33 his exhaustion after long days.32. A. after B. beforeC. besideD. under33. A. in spite ofB. in terms ofC. in control ofD. in place of【答案解析】1、【解析】C?？疾榻樵~辨析。A. at 在B. through穿過C. over 越過D. round在.周圍。根據(jù)句意和搭配。作者找到了可以租賃的一個(gè)破舊房子，不過要沿著橫跨波托馬克河的蜿蜒山路向上行走4英里?！?a winding mountain road”橫跨 “the Potomac River”，over在上面,由一邊到另一邊，其余均不符。2、【解析】C。考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。36. A. leapt跳躍，B. sniffed 嗅，C. trembled 顫抖，D. withdrew 推出。根據(jù)上文中提到了貓，本句是描述小老鼠偷糧食時(shí)的狀況?？赏浦究誄項(xiàng)trembled正確。3、【解析】B?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。A. discuss討論；B. express 表達(dá)；C. announce通知；D. argue爭論。根據(jù)In my application letter（在我的申請(qǐng)信中），可知作者應(yīng)該是表達(dá)自己的愿望，故選項(xiàng)B正確。4、【解析】B。考查名詞辨析。A. yards院子， B. shelters 收容所，C. camps 帳篷，D. cottages村舍。 根據(jù)上文語境和語法知識(shí)解題。此處說：如果我們不團(tuán)結(jié)在一起，我們都會(huì)流落到住收容所（shelters）的地步。其余三項(xiàng)分均不符合語境。5、【解析】A。考查介詞短語辨析。A. in spite of 盡管，B. in terms of在的條件下，C. in control of在的控制下，D. in place of取代，長時(shí)間工作之后，“盡管”很累，也從不忘記在我參加比賽的時(shí)候?yàn)槲掖驓饧佑??！袄邸焙汀敖o我打氣加油”之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該用in spite of。其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，均不合句意。