美國(guó)文學(xué) 課件 01 Colonial Literature

Colonial LiteratureAnne Bradstreet and Edward TaylorIf we had no winter,the spring would not be so pleasant;if we did not something taste of adversity,prosperitywould not be so welcome.Anne Bradstreet 安妮安妮布拉德斯特里特布拉德斯特里特The tenth Muse of New Land Anne Bradstreet in her bedroom.Anne BradstreetAnnes life time(1612-1672)ThefirstAmericanpoetReligion：PuritanGoodeducationfor15yearsMarried Simon Bradstreet(1628)Immigrant to the USA（1630）settledonafarminNorthAndover,Massachusetts（1644）Drawing of Anne Bradstreets home,North Andover,MassAnne Bradstreets extensive literary production was managed along with the task of being a wilderness wife and the mother of eight children.The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America(1650).Anne Bradstreet most famous poems Contemplations(9)沉思錄沉思錄Iheardthemerrygrasshopperthensing.Theblack-cladcricketbearasecondpart;Theykeptonetuneandplayedonthesamestring,Seemingtogloryintheirlittleart.ShallcreaturesabjectthustheirvoicesraiseAndintheirkindresoundtheirMakerspraise,WhilstI,asmute,canwarbleforthnohigherlays?In Memory of My Dear Grandchild Elizabeth Bradstreet,Who Deceased August,1665AnneBradstreet Farewell,dearbabe,myheartstoomuchcontent,Farewellsweetbabe,thepleasureofmineeye,Farewellfairflowerthatforaspacewaslent,Thentakenawayuntoeternity.Blestbabe,whyshouldIoncebewailthyfate,Orsighthydayssosoonwereterminate,Siththouaresettledinaneverlastingstate.Bynaturetreesdorotwhentheyaregrown,Andplumsandapplesthoroughlyripedofall,Andcornandgrassareintheirseasonmown,Andtimebringsdownwhatisbothstrongandtall.Butplantsnewsettobeeradicate,Andbudsnewblowntohavesoshortadate,Isbyhishandalonethatguidesnatureandfate.別了，親愛的孩子，我心已安寧，別了，親愛的孩子，我眼中的快慰，別了，美麗的花朵，獲短暫的光陰，然后就被永恒的來世召回。我為何要哀嘆你的命運(yùn)，福佑的孩子，或者為你的歲月早早結(jié)束而嘆息，如果安身在永恒的境界，你業(yè)已。天性使樹木成材就腐朽，李子和蘋果熟透就脫落，谷物和青草隨季節(jié)而割收，時(shí)間滅萬物，盡管它強(qiáng)壯而巨碩。但是新生的幼苗被連根拔除。新開的蓓蕾就薄命寡福，那定是被自然和命運(yùn)的主宰所戮。Analysisofthispoem babe and flower.my hearts too much content the pleasure of mine eye,it shows a deeply saddened grandmother by the loss of her grandchild.The repetition of farewell emphasizes the tragedy of the situation and solidifies the fact that she is gone.fair flower that for a space was lent.This lent sounds as though the girl was robbed of the fullness of life But who decides who gets to live?God.God didnt let her granddaughter live,and,resultantly,she is marking his decision as a mistake by complaining about it.This is not characteristic for one of such alleged concrete beliefs in God.Part two describes the cycle in nature.Trees,fruit,and grass rot when thoroughly grown,death occurs when the time for life is expired.All the fruit and grass are ripe,strong,and tall.In actuality,her granddaughter,being only a year and a half old,was certainly not any of these characteristics.Clearly,Bradstreet is complaining about the brevity of her granddaughters life.Bradstreets eliminates God as the key figure in determining life.For a devout Christian,Gods power would surpass all;here,time is the determinate of life.Emphasis the death of Elizabeth as Gods injustice.Comparison of Elizabeth to a flower God plants new life to be eradicated highly indicates God cheated her granddaughter out of death as well as herself out of the life of her granddaughter.time brings down what is both strong and tall“To my Dear and Loving Husband”-Anne BradstreetIfevertwowereone,thensurelywe.Ifevermanwerelovdbywife,thenthee.Ifeverwifewashappyinaman,Comparewithme,yewomen,ifyoucan.IprizethylovemorethanwholeMinesofgoldOralltherichesthattheEastdothhold.MyloveissuchthatRiverscannotquench,Noroughtbutlovefromtheegiverecompense.ThyloveissuchIcannowayrepay.Theheavensrewardtheemanifold,Ipray.Thenwhilewelive,inloveletssopersevereThatwhenwelivenomore,wemayliveever.Notes to Anne Bradstreets To My Dear And Loving Husband1.Notethateachofthefirstthreelinesbeginswith“If”.Whatistheeffectofthisrepetition?Doesitunderminethecertaintythatotherlinesseemtoexpress?Notethatitfurtheremphasizedbybreakingtheregulariambicrhythm.2.Evenby1650(notlongbeforeshewrotethepoem),BritishadventurershadnotgivenuptheirhopethattherewasashortcuttotherichesoftheIndiesinAmerica.Thisdream,expressedfrequentlyinVirginia,wasrarelymentionedbythePuritanswhohadmorespiritualpurposesinmind.Howeveritisinterestingthatsheshouldmakethisparticularcomparison,forshecertainlyknewofthesegoldenhopes-andtheirdisappointment.Notehowsheusestheimageryofphysicalwealthandownershiptorepresenttheiremotionallove,anditscontrastwiththespiritualelementattheendofthepoem.4.“Quench”means“toputout,asafire;tosatisfyathirst;tosuppress,inhibit”.Whatdoesthisimagesuggestaboutherfeelingsforhim?”5.“Ought”meansbothnothingandexpressionofduty.Theseareverydifferentmeanings.Whichissheusinghere?Couldshebeusingboth?6.“Recompense”means“tocompensate,payfor,returninkind,repay”.Considerthesethreemetaphors,andwhatsheisusingthemtosay.7.Whatdoesthisparadoxmean?Howshouldtheylivenow,aslovers,iftheyaretoliveandloveforever?HowdoesthistieintheirPuritanbeliefsinpredestination?Notetheextrasyllableinthesefinaltwolines.Whatistheeffect?Simplicity of dictionFigure of speech:1)Anaphora:Thedeliberaterepetitionofawordorphraseatthebeginningofseveralsuccessiveverses,clauses,orparagraphs;We shall fight on the beaches,we shall fight on the landing grounds,we shall fight in the fields and in the streets,we shall fight in the hills-WinstonS.Churchill2)Hyperbole:Imageryisthepicturesthatthepoetcreatesbyhisdeliberateuseofwords(diction)andfiguresofspeech.Image:Animageismentalpictureevokedbytheuseofaverbaldescription,and/orfiguresofspeech,e.g.simile,metaphor,symbolorpersonification.Edward Taylor 愛德華愛德華泰勒泰勒 (16421729)ThebestofthePuritanpoets.HecamefromEnglandandattendedHarvard.Hispoemswerenotpublishedwhenhewasalive.Themanuscriptswerefoundin1937.Huswifery(“家務(wù)家務(wù)”）-By Edward TaylorMakeme,OLord,thyspinningwheelcomplete;ThyholyWordmydistaffmakeforme.Makemineaffectionsthyswiftflyersneat,Andmakemysoulthyholyspooltobe.Myconversationmaketobethyreel,Andreeltheyarnthereonspunofthywheel.Jonathan Edwards (17021758)The son of a powerful minister.He came to accept and rely wholly upon God,and gained“an inward sweet delight in God and divine things.”The sole minister of North Hampton for twenty years.He was well-known as a powerful and strong preacher.