（統(tǒng)考版）高考英語二輪復習 專題限時集訓10 詞義猜測之推測單詞、短語、句子的含義（含解析）-人教版高三英語試題

專題限時集訓(十)詞義猜測之推測單詞、短語、句子的含義A (2020·廣東四校聯考)Kyle Cassidy and three other members of the Annenberg Running Group were stretching on the ground of the University of Pennsylvania, waiting for a few latecomers.The Penn colleagues and other community members meet three days a week for a roughly 30­minute jog and an occasional lecture.That's rightduring some runs，one of them delivers a talk.Topics range from the brain to the Bitcoin.But on this day last January，it would not be their normal run.The first clue that something was off was the man who sprinted past them.“Running at an amazing pace，”Cassidy told Runner's World admiringly.Cassidy discovered why the sprinter was so fleet of foot when another man ran by，yelling，“Help！He took my phone and laptop！”At that time，the group did what running clubs do：They ran，trailing the suspect down the streets of Philadelphia until he ducked into a construction site.The runners split up.Cassidy ran around to the far side of the site to cut the thief off while the others wandered the neighborhood hoping he had dumped the loot(贓物) in a backyard.No luck.So they decided to ask residents whether they'd seen the guy.When they knocked on the door of one row house，they were in for a surprise.Unknown to them，he had already emerged from the construction siteand was hiding behind a bush by that very house.As the owner opened the door，the suspect darted out from behind the bush.and right into the arms of the campus police，who'd joined the chase shortly behind the runners.The members of this running group are not hard­core athletes. But they do understand the benefit of a little exercise.“Running is typically a useless sport where you turn fat cells into heat，”Cassidy told The Philadelphia Inquirer.“But occasionally it can be useful，and here was one of those opportunities.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者描述了名叫Annenberg Running Group的跑步俱樂部，該俱樂部成員每周聚會三天，一起進行大約30分鐘的慢跑。在去年一月份的一天，俱樂部成員進行了一次不尋常的跑步運動，即追趕一個竊賊，傳播了跑步者的正能量。1Why do the group members gather together?ATo do some stretching.BTo have a regular run.CTo deliver a lecture.DTo cover some topics.B考查細節(jié)理解。根據第一段中的“The Penn colleagues and other community members meet three days a week for a roughly 30­minute jog and an occasional lecture”可知，俱樂部成員每周相聚三天，進行大約30分鐘的慢跑運動，有時也會舉行講座。2What does the underlined word“sprinted” in Paragraph 2 Probably mean?ADashed.BPushed.CJumped.DEscaped.A考查詞義猜測。該詞后面的句子對它的意義進行了解釋?！癛unning at an amazing pace”和“was so fleet of foot”都表明sprinted是“急奔，猛沖”的意思。故A項(急奔)正確。3We can infer that the success of the chase is mainly due to Athe assistance of the runnersBthe owner of the row houseCthe campus police on patrolDthe joint efforts of the peopleD考查推理判斷。依據第三段和第四段對跑步者追趕竊賊直到抓到竊賊的情景描述可知，這是人們共同努力的結果。故D項(人們的共同努力)是最佳選項。4Which of the following best describes Cassidy?AAthletic and generous.BCourageous and ambitious.CHelpful and humorous.DThoughtful and demanding.C考查推理判斷。根據Cassidy抓捕竊賊的行為判斷他應該樂于幫助他人；再根據他接受媒體采訪時所說的話“Running is typically a useless sport where you turn fat cells into heat”和“But occasionally it can be useful，and here was one of those opportunities”可知，他也是一個風趣幽默的人。故選C。BWhile visiting the North Pole in winter may not be at the top of your bucket list，the ever­changing ICEHOTEL，which opened its doors to visitors on December 14 this year，may change your mind.200 km north of the Arctic Circle in the Swedish village of Jukkasjärvi，the hotel，which is carved entirely from ice，is rebuilt annually.The 35 rooms，built to accommodate visitors on all kinds of budgets，vary from expensive suites to basic rooms that are furnished with just an icy bed and a reindeer skin.Among the highlights this year is the “Spruce Woods” suite.Sculpted by Christopher Pascoe and Jennie O'Keefe of Canada，it describes a camping scene complete with a classic microbus，a forest，and even an artificial campfire.There is also the artfully­carved“Living Ocean” suite to remind visitors of the importance of saving our oceans.The room is full of carved sea life that includes coral and a shark “swimming”right over the ice bed.“The suite is inspired by global warming and the overfishing that affects our oceans，”says artist Jonathan Paul Green.“I also think the idea of using frozen water from a river in northern Sweden to create an ocean with shells，fish，and coral is exciting.”The nearby “Haven” suite is a “magical gate of ice” guarded by two large animals.“We are inspired by the meeting between people and want to create an experience that stimulates curiosity and creativity，”says artist Jonas Johansson.“It feels like a dream to get to work with ice that allows our love for light，shine，and reflection to wander freely from thought to creation.”Regardless of whether visitors select the carved suites or the basic ice rooms，the temperature is always set to a bone­chilling 5！That is why guests are advised to snuggle(蜷伏) up inside sleeping bags and wear gloves and winter hats all night.Not surprisingly，most end up spending just a single night at this unique hotel before moving on to the conventional and warmer hotels nearby.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了北極圈的一家用冰建成的旅館。5What does the underlined phrase“bucket list” mean in the text?AA shopping list of buckets.BA list of travelling destinations.CA list of expensive hotels.DA list of exciting ideas.B考查詞義猜測。根據第一段第一句可知，雖然冬天去北極旅游可能不是你的首選，但這家不斷變化的冰旅館可能會改變你的想法；該旅館于今年12月14日向游客開放。由該句中的“visiting the North Pole”；“the ever­changing ICEHOTEL”；“visitors”，并結合語境可推知，畫線詞意為“旅游目的地的列表”，故B項正確。6What can we know about the icehotel?AIt is rebuilt every year.BIts rooms are expensive.CIt organizes camping activities.DIt lies in a coastal city.A考查細節(jié)理解。根據第一段第二句可知，這家完全由冰雕刻而成的賓館每年都會重建，故A項正確。7Where does the inspiration of “Living Ocean” suite come from?AArt and literature.BOcean life and voyages.CClimate change and human influence.DThe meeting of people.C考查細節(jié)理解。根據第三段第三句可知，這間套房的靈感來自全球變暖和影響海洋的過度捕撈，故C項正確。8Which of the following is the best title for the text?AAn Adventure to the North PoleBAn Experience Chose to NatureCA Taste of Cold；A Night in a VillageDA Winter Destination：Sweden's IcehotelD考查標題歸納。根據全文內容，尤其是第一段第二句可知，本文主要介紹了冬季旅游的好去處：瑞典冰旅館，故D項最適合作本文標題。C (2019·長沙四校模擬)Josh Morrison，17，dreamed of raising $100，000 to build a home for a low­income family.After years of hard work，his dream has come true.The house is now in the early stages of building.Six years ago，Josh and his dad went into a Habitat for Humanity Restore，a home improvement store and donation center run by the non­profit organization.They were there to buy a sink.Josh，then 11，also noticed a collection of pennies.“I instantly felt the urge to help out with that，”he said.Josh set a fundraising(籌款) deadline of four years.Many people doubted whether he could reach his goal of $100，000，but it didn't shake his faith.He raised money at his school and other nearby schools.He collected money from neighbors，got publicity from local newspapers，and placed cans in stores so that people could donate extra change.Josh's fundraising efforts began to produce results.Still，there were challenges.Four months before his deadline，he was $30，000 short.He decided to hold a Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner in Uxbridge，which is in the province of Ontario.The event raised $19，000.“I didn't care how long it took me，”Josh said.“I would raise $100，000.”With three weeks left，a company called Josh's house，offering to donate $18，000.Eventually，Josh reached a total of $124，000 before his deadline.“The momentum just kept going，and we decided to do more，”he said.“Josh's Penny House” is being built by Habitat for Humanity in the city of Oshawa，along with 24 new townhouses.Josh has helped with some of the construction，as have other volunteers.He will choose the family that moves into the unit.Next year，the 17­year­old will head to college in British Columbia，Canada's westernmost province.As a 11­year­old kid when starting fundraising，Josh was able to send a powerful message across the world.No matter how old you are，if you have a dream and are willing to do anything to achieve it，it can come true.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。一個11歲的少年因一次偶然的經歷決定為低收入家庭募捐建房，經過數年的不懈努力，實現了這一夢想。9Which word can best describe Josh Morrison in Paragraph 2?AStraightforward.BOpen­minded.CDetermined.DCautious.C考查推理判斷。結合文中對Josh Morrison籌款過程的描述以及第二段中的“Many people doubted whether he could reach his goal of $100, 000, but it didn't shake his faith.”可知，盡管很多人懷疑他是不是能在四年內完成這件事，但是他信念堅定。由此可見他是“意志堅定的”。10Why was the Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event in Uxbridge held?ATo call for more attention.BTo attain his goal.CTo win approval from the locals.DTo find sponsors for a family.B考查細節(jié)理解。根據第二段中的“his goal of $100, 000”和第三段的內容可知，在截止日期前的四個月，離他的籌款目標還差30 000美元，于是他決定舉辦這個活動來達到目標。11What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?AHis project became more popular.BHe received continuous donations.CThe result was beyond expectations.DHe got more support from the company.B考查句意理解。根據下文中的“we decided to do more”以及后面的句子“John's Penny House.24 new townhouses.”可知，捐款勢頭一直保持下去，他收到了比最初目標多的錢，于是打算做更多，他幫助建造Josh's Penny House以及24所新住宅來幫助需要的人，所以畫線處應意為“他繼續(xù)收到捐款”。12What will be the best title of the text?AAn Astonishing FundraiserBA Boy with a Warm HeartCKindness from a CompanyDThe Penny House DreamD考查標題歸納。文章主要講述了一個11歲的少年經過幾年不懈的努力，實現為低收入家庭募捐建房的夢想的經歷。本文提到的Josh's Penny House是解題的暗示。錢是Josh一分分籌來的，因此本文最佳標題是D。