2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)十三 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（二）.doc

2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)十三 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（二）（二）-ing形式：動(dòng)詞的-ing形式也是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。-ing形式仍保留有動(dòng)詞的特征，可以帶有其所需要的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)而構(gòu)成-ing短語(yǔ)。1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物動(dòng)詞的-ing還有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而不及物動(dòng)詞的-ing則沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在以及物動(dòng)詞make 和不及物動(dòng)詞go為例，將其-ing各種形式列表如下：動(dòng)詞 語(yǔ)態(tài)形式及物動(dòng)詞make不及物動(dòng)詞go主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式makingbeing madegoing完成式having madehaving been madehaving gone（1）作主語(yǔ)：Seeing is believing.百聞不如一見(jiàn)。Talking is easier than doing. ing作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果其結(jié)構(gòu)較長(zhǎng)，可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將作主語(yǔ)的-ing后置。如：It isnt much good writing to them again. Its no use waiting here.（2）作表語(yǔ)：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.（3）作賓語(yǔ)：作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。She likes drawing very much.；作某些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。 Mary is thinking of going back to New York.； do+限定詞（my, some, any, the等）+ -ing，表示“做事”之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)：Her sister is good at learning physics.；作形容詞worth, busy等的賓語(yǔ)：This book is well worth reading. ing作賓語(yǔ)帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用it作為形式賓語(yǔ)，而將作賓語(yǔ)的-ing后置，如：We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?（4）作定語(yǔ)：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注：-ing形式作定語(yǔ)用時(shí)，如果-ing只是一個(gè)單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞之前，如果是-ing短語(yǔ)，就位于其修飾的名詞之后，-ing作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，被-ing所修飾的名詞就是該-ing的邏輯主語(yǔ)。另外，-ing作定語(yǔ)用時(shí)，其動(dòng)作和句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的，如果不是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的，就不能用-ing作定語(yǔ)，要使用定語(yǔ)從句，如：The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well.（5）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注：當(dāng)-ing在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用時(shí)，句中賓語(yǔ)就是這個(gè)-ing的邏輯主語(yǔ)，可以帶有這種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。（6）作狀語(yǔ)：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Seeing Tom, I couldnt help thinking of his brother. 分詞在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前一般可加when或while，如：When crossing street, you must be careful. 原因狀語(yǔ)：Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. 方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty. 3、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing完成式的基本用法。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，一般在句中作時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ)用。句中的主語(yǔ)是它的邏輯主語(yǔ)，并且是它所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.4、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing一般式的基本用法。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing一般式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行中的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，而且這個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作也是和句中謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的。它一般在句中作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)用。如：The truck being repaired there is ours.5、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing完成式的基本用法。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，在句中一般作狀語(yǔ)用。如：Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.6、-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。在-ing前加物主代詞或名詞所有格即構(gòu)成-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中的物主代詞或名詞所有格為-ing的邏輯主語(yǔ)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口語(yǔ)中，這種結(jié)構(gòu)如作賓語(yǔ)用，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞的賓格，名詞的所有格常用名詞的普通格代替，如：She insisted on Peters (or Peter)going there first.7、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，表示一個(gè)比較抽象或泛指的動(dòng)作時(shí)多用-ing形式。表示一個(gè)具體某一次的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用動(dòng)詞不定式，如：Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesnt want to play it today.8、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。-ing形式作定語(yǔ)用時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，而動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后。如：The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write.9、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。（1）不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后，如：I have told them to e again tomorrow.（2）在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)，表示其動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中，而用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)動(dòng)作的過(guò)程，如：I hear her singing in the room.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the room.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在屋里唱過(guò)歌。10、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。-ing形式在句作狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、原因、方式或伴隨情況，而動(dòng)詞不定式一般式在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般是作目的或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，如：Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.練習(xí)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（二）1. Alien said that his trip was _. A. interested B. interest C. interesting D. of interest2. We cant understand _ a decision until it is too late. A. him to postpone to make B. his postponing to make C. him to postpone making D. his postponing making3. I couldnt understand _ at the poor child. A. you to laugh B. you laugh C. why laugh D. you laughing4. Its no use_ with him. You might as well _ with a stone wall. A. arguing, argue B. to argue, arguing C. arguing, arguing D. to argue, argue5. It is no good _ todays work for tomorrow. A. to leave B. leaving C. that you leave D. leave6. The old mans _ pity on the snake led to his own death. A. take B. taking C. being taken D. have7. Its very kind _ you _ say so. A. of, to B. for, to C. to, to D. of, /8. Some peoples greatest pleasure is _ . A. fishing B. to fish C. to be fish D. being fishing9. Remember _ the book, when you have finished it. A. putting back B. having put back C. to put back D. will put back10. You didnt hear us e back last night. Thats good. We tried _ noisy. A. to not be B. not to be C. being not D. not being11. Though he failed, he tried _ it again and again. A. to do B. doing C. do D. done.12. Youll regret _ those words. You may hurt her feelings. A. say B. to say C. having said D. to have said13. You can keep the book until you _ . A. have finished reading B. finish to read C. will finish reading D. have finished to read14. We are looking forward to _ another chance _ it again. A. be given, to try B. give, to try .C. giving, trying D. having, to try15. Most of the students enjoy_ stamps. A. collect B. to collect C. collecting D. collected16. Excuse me for _ in without _. A. ing, asking B. ing, being asked C. to e, asking D. to e, being asked17. People couldnt help _ the foolish girl. A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing :18. "What do you think of the book?""Oh. excellent, its worth _ a second time." A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read19. "I usually go there by train.""Why not _ by boat for a change?" A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going20. I was too excited _ . A. speak B. to speak C. not to speak D. speaking21. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first puter. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented22. It is no use _to e now. He is busy. A. ask him B. to ask him C. that you ask him D. asking him23. The murder was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied24. Mrs Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive.25. The puter centre, _ last year is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened.26. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying27. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited28. English is a language _ in many countries. A. spoken B. speaking C. be spoken D. to speak29. "Can you read?" Mary said to the notice. A. angrily, pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily, pointed D. and angrily pointing30. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of Tight. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed31. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given32. _their students, the famous teacher came into the hall. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed33. Your flat needs _ . Would you like me it for you? A. to clean, to doB. cleaning, doing C. cleaning, to do D. to be cleaned, doing34. Does your new secretary _ short hand? A. know to take B. know how to take C. know how take D. know how taking35. Tommy had his big brother _ his shoes for him. A. to tie B. tie C. tied D. tying36. Would you please _ write on the textbooks? A. dont B. not to C. not D. to not37. Id _ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary. A. rather not have B. rather not to have C. not rather had D. rather not having38. Your mother and I are looking forward_ you. A. of seeing B. for seeing C. to see D. to seeing39. The girl couldnt_ how red his face was. A. help to notice B. be helping to notice C. be helping noticing D. help noticing40. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature _. A. taking B. to take C. take D. taken語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)十三：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（二）動(dòng)詞-ing形式15 CDDAB 610 BAACB 1115 BCADC 1620 BCCDB 2125 CDDAD 2630 DAAAB 3135 ABCBB 3640 CADDD