2019-2020年高中英語 Unit3 Fairness of all-詞匯句型語法講解 新人教版選修10.doc

2019-2020年高中英語 Unit3 Fairness of all-詞匯句型語法講解 新人教版選修10一、核心單詞用法例析1Register v. 登記，注冊; 以掛號(hào)寄送Where can I register for the Arabic course?我選阿拉伯語一科到哪里注冊？2Special adj. 特殊的；專門的，特別的 On holiday the railways run extra trains for special purpose.假日鐵路增開加班火車。3Announce v t. 預(yù)示，顯示； 宣布，告知The government announced its new economic policies.政府發(fā)布了新的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。The secretary announced Mr. and Mrs. White. 秘書同胞懷特夫婦駕臨。4Support vt. n.支持，支撐；贊成， 擁護(hù)；贍養(yǎng) 支撐物， 支持，聲援He supports The UNs effort to reduce poverty in the world.他支持聯(lián)合國為減少貧困做的努力。She is his sole support in life.她是他生活上唯一支柱。5break down （指機(jī)器）出毛病， 壞掉；精神崩潰（break up是“打碎、解散”意思） The car broke down.汽車壞掉了。He is suffering from a nervous breakdown.他正患神經(jīng)衰弱。They broke up the alliance.他們終止了聯(lián)盟。6Prohibit vt. 禁止Smoking in the railway partment is prohibited.嚴(yán)禁在這節(jié)火車車廂內(nèi)吸煙。Children are prohibited from buying cigarettes.禁止兒童購買香煙。Prohibit sb.from doing7. seize vt & vi. 常用被動(dòng)，侵襲，發(fā)作（=attack, overe）扣押， 查封，沒收He was seized with sudden chest pain.他的胸口疼突然發(fā)作。8. grip vt. 緊握，抓緊The brakes failed to grip and the car ran into a wall.煞車失靈， 汽車撞在一堵墻上。10remain vi. 剩下、余下；逗留、繼續(xù)存在；保持You may have all those that remain.你可以把剩下的那些全部拿走。11submitvi. & vt. （使）服從、屈服；提交We shall submit ourselves to discipline.我們必須守紀(jì)律。12punctuala. 準(zhǔn)時(shí)的、正確的Every one in our class is punctual for class.我們班每個(gè)人都能做到上課不遲到。13Coincide vi. 同時(shí)發(fā)生，巧合 coincidental adj. 巧合性的， 巧合My religious beliefs and yours dont coincide.我的宗教信仰和你的不一致。14march n. vt. 軍隊(duì)進(jìn)軍、前進(jìn)；進(jìn)行曲；前進(jìn)、齊步前進(jìn)、三月(首字母大寫)She was very angry and marched out of the shop.她很生氣，快步走出去了。It was a days march from the city to the camp.從城市到營地需要一天的行程。15abuse vt. 誤用，濫用 Dont abuse your authority.不要濫用你的權(quán)利。16battle n./v. 戰(zhàn)斗， 斗爭Our pany is fighting a legal battle.我們公司正在打一場官司。Two armies battled for days.兩軍苦戰(zhàn)了幾天。17 happiness n. 幸福， 快樂My happiness is plete.我的幸福是完滿的。18creed n. 宗教信條， 教條。In our country all men are treated equally ,without regard to race, social origin or creed.在我國，不論種族、出身和信仰，人人平等。19 seat vt. 使就坐， 使坐下 n. 座， 座位These ladies were conducted to seats of honor at the top of the room.注意：seat是及物動(dòng)詞，要接賓語；sit是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不能接賓語。二、詞組句型用法全解1seize on 抓住（機(jī)會(huì)），把握（良機(jī)）、利用Well seize on this chance.我們要抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。2regard. as 把看作，把認(rèn)為Do you regard this issue as important?你認(rèn)為這個(gè)問題重要嗎？注意： regard as意思是：認(rèn)為是； regard with是以某種心態(tài)看某事物。As regards “至于， 關(guān)于”。一般位于句首，作介詞用。類似的表達(dá)還有as to, as for, with regard to等。on the basis of “在基礎(chǔ)上”， “基于理論” His story is on the basis of his own life experience when he is young.他的小說是在他年輕時(shí)的生活經(jīng)歷基礎(chǔ)上寫出來的。注意：base指有形的基礎(chǔ)；basis指無形的基礎(chǔ)。 如military base軍事基地，the basis of philosophy哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)get on board 登上飛機(jī)/輪船等sweep the board 大獲全勝 go by the board 落水,落空His plan went by the board. 他的計(jì)劃落空。He is expected to sweep the board at tennis tournament.他被認(rèn)為有望在網(wǎng)球錦標(biāo)賽上獲全勝。worry about / be worried about擔(dān)心，發(fā)愁He doesnt worry about me.他不會(huì)為我發(fā)愁的。6. Out/out ofout of 在。外、由于、缺乏、放棄Jack cant e this afternoon out of the work.今天下午杰克因?yàn)楣ぷ鞯脑虿荒軄砹恕e are out of fresh water.我們的淡水用完了。Ill talk her out of marrying Green.我要說服她不要嫁給格林。as usual 像往常一樣as planned 按計(jì)劃 as follows 如下, as never before 從未有過, as expected 預(yù)料之中辨析：as it is/as it were用as it is 陳述真實(shí)的情況，常譯為“事實(shí)上”，“實(shí)際上”。比如：I thought things would get better, but as it is, they are getting worse.我以為事情會(huì)越來越好。但事實(shí)上，事情越來越糟糕。as it were意義是：“可以說是”、“似乎是”、“仿佛”，并不那么肯定、確切。比如：He is my best friend, my second self, as it were. 他是我的好朋友，可以說是我的第二個(gè)自我。on the other hand “另一方面”，常和 on (the) one hand （一方面）成對出現(xiàn)。 offer a lift “讓人搭乘自己的便車”，與give a lift相等，但后者還有別的意思。比如：The big increase in her salary gave her a tremendous lift.她的薪水大幅度增加使她極為振奮。注意：lift / raise/ rise三者都有“舉起或升起”的意思。lift是用體力或機(jī)械力把某物舉到一定的高度。raise是及物動(dòng)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)“抬高”動(dòng)作，還有“飼養(yǎng)，撫育”的意思。rise意為“升起， 站起來”，常指日、月、星辰升起。比如：This box is too heavy for me to lift.這個(gè)箱子太重，我搬不動(dòng)This piece of good luck lifted his spirit.這次幸運(yùn)使她非常高興。10. after all 畢竟、終究。用在句子里加強(qiáng)語氣，表示“讓步”。I thought I was going to fail the exam, but I passed after all. 我原以為這次考試不及格了， 可畢竟還是及格了。用于句首或從句之首，意思則是“別忘記”，“須知”，“要知道”等。After all, Ive nothing to be ashamed of.要知道，我并沒有什么可羞愧的。11. make up 編造 、彌補(bǔ)、構(gòu)成Stop making things up!別編故事啦！What are the qualities that make up Hamlets character?哈姆萊特的性格特征是什么？Make up for the lost time。 努力補(bǔ)回失去的時(shí)間。12. Not onlybut also “不但而且”Shakespeare was not only a playwright but also an actor.莎士比亞不但是劇作家而且是演員。13. Instead of 代替，而不 （對其后的內(nèi)容“否定”）She usually does some reading in the room instead of in the library.她通常在房間而不在圖書館里閱讀。13. as I woke even earlier than usual.as 在此引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，從句中使用了比較級，“比平常早”。as usual, “像平常一樣”I like to be punctual for work and no boycott is going to make me late.14. is going to既表示將來時(shí)間又表示“肯定、會(huì)”等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意思，在此句中可以和will互換。意思是：我一貫準(zhǔn)時(shí)上班，聯(lián)合抵制也不會(huì)不可能使我遲到的。15. What excitement! 感嘆句，對名詞感嘆用what；對副詞、形容詞、或動(dòng)詞感嘆用how。How well you look!How dirty the house is!What a good idea!What genius you have!16. Here you can take my copy now that Ive finished with it. now that 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句， 意思是“既然”Now that they could ride horses, it became easier to hunt the bison.既然他們學(xué)會(huì)騎馬了，獵取野牛也就變得比較容易了。17. When Walter shook his head a third time, I spoke up for Walter.a third time 是 “又一次”。a third stranger “又一個(gè)陌生人”，不過，這是第三次見到的陌生人。所以，“再學(xué)一門外語”應(yīng)為“l(fā)earn a second language”,不能說“l(fā)earn the second language”真題：The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have _ third one because _ one is rather too small. （xx上海）A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the,a解析：答案是C。18. speak up, 1）“大聲說話”，相當(dāng)于talk louder, speak louder2）“毫不遲疑地說出自己的意見”Will you speak up? I cant hear you.He tried to force me to pay for a bad meal, but I spoke up and told him I would not.三、課文長句難點(diǎn)剖析. Taxis passed all full of passengers as we pedestrians marched on the pavement.剖析：full of passengers “裝滿了乘客”，作主語補(bǔ)足語。. The boy was laid down, dead. 剖析：dead 是形容詞做狀語，表示伴隨出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果狀態(tài)。 3. Maybe white businesses are suffering now since we dont shop downtown any more.剖析：suffer vi. 相當(dāng)于 “ have loss”, 受損His business suffered while he was ill.在他患病期間他的生意受損了。還有其他意思，如“經(jīng)歷，遭受”；suffer pain/defeat/adversity 遭受痛苦（失敗，不幸）?！皀otany more” 是“不再去商業(yè)區(qū)購物了”的意思。譯文：因?yàn)槲覀儾辉俚缴虡I(yè)區(qū)去購物，白人的生意也許會(huì)受到損失。4. But it must mean were winning.剖析：進(jìn)行式are winning表示：）講話時(shí)的充沛情感；）該動(dòng)作很快即將實(shí)現(xiàn)。譯文：我們肯定會(huì)勝利的。5. It was not until November 13,1956 that the US Supreme Court declared separation on buses was not constitutional.剖析：It is(was)that是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)“人”，可以用who, 其余用that引導(dǎo)從句。比如：Mr Wang told us a very interesting story.It was Mr.Wang who/that told us a very interesting story. （強(qiáng)調(diào)Mr Wang）It was a very interesting story that Mr. Wang told us.（強(qiáng)調(diào)a very interesting story）強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問形式：What was it that made you so happy?How was it that he lost his temper?6. Today is a red letter day.剖析：日歷上“喜慶日”都是紅字印刷。譯文：今天是值得慶賀的日子。. We may only have struck one small blow for liberty but who knows where itll lead?剖析：may have done表示對過去動(dòng)作的推測，“準(zhǔn)是，肯定”。must have done也表示“對過去的肯定推測”，但語氣比前者強(qiáng)；lead to 通向：Hard working can lead us to success.努力可以使我們走向成功。譯文：我們?yōu)榱俗杂梢苍S才進(jìn)行了一次小小的斗爭，誰知這場斗爭會(huì)吧我們引向何方呢？四、語法知識(shí)歸納梳理動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)英語有種時(shí)態(tài)，初學(xué)者要掌握幾種常用的，以便進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)。1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)）表示現(xiàn)存的一般狀態(tài)、習(xí)慣、經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事以及客觀事實(shí)。常常和sometimes, often, never，every day等副詞或短語連用。比如：Im German; I e from Berlin.I get up at seven oclock every morning.）用來談?wù)摃r(shí)刻表和日程安排。When does the next train to Cambridge leave?It leaves at half past four.真題：1. Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits. (xx全國)A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested.解析：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選D。2.-Sorry, Joe, I didnt mean to. (xx全國)-Dont call me “Joe”, Im Mr. Parker to you, and _ you forget it! A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont 解析：否定的祈使句表示“建議”，語氣較強(qiáng)。故選D。3. No one in the department but Tom and I _ that the director is going to resign. (xx上海)A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know 解析：既考時(shí)態(tài)又考主謂一致。No one是主語部分的中心詞。故選A。4.You re drinking too much. ( xx春招)Only at home. No one _me but you. A. is seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw 解析：表示一般（現(xiàn)在的）事實(shí)。故選C。5. I _ Ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. (xx全國)A. played B. will play C. have played D. play.解析：“乒乓球打得如何”是一般的事實(shí)狀況。故選D。2、一般將來時(shí)： 1）表示動(dòng)作在未來某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生。Will/shall 和be going to均表將來，有時(shí)可以互換。但其區(qū)別是：will/shall表示一般的將來動(dòng)作、有時(shí)也含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意思；be going to 表示“計(jì)劃、打算”或“某事非發(fā)生不可”?！癘h dear! Ive spilt some wine on my jacket.” “Dont worry. Ill clean it for you.”2） “be about to do”, “be to do”, “be going to do”這三種形式都可以表示將來時(shí)。be about to do表示最近的將來，意思是 “馬上”、“立刻”。be to do 則表示某事在將來一定會(huì)發(fā)生或者命中注定會(huì)發(fā)生、已經(jīng)計(jì)劃好了。比如：We are to meet Mr. Smith next Wednesday.我們下周三要見史密斯先生。You are to answer for all these things.你要對這些事負(fù)責(zé)的。When I was about to leave , the phone rang.我正要離開時(shí)，電話響了。注意：時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句里的一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)。1. youve left the light on. Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. (xx 全國)A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going 解析：你提醒我以后，我要去關(guān)燈。故選A。2. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. (xx春招)A.lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 解析：將來時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選B。3. When will you e to see me, Dad? (xx北京) I will go to see you when you _ the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish. C. are finishing D. finish. 解析：時(shí)間狀語從句里的一般將來時(shí)態(tài)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)去表示。故選D。4. Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions. (xx全國)A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached 解析：祈使句加or或and連接的并列句，前面的祈使句相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句。故選A。5. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables. (xx上海)A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded 解析：這是條件狀語從句中的將來時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)，同時(shí)考查語態(tài)。故選D。6. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families. (xx湖南 )A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen 解析：該題中or連接兩個(gè)平行的祈使句，and連接的是并列句，and之前的祈使句相當(dāng)于條件狀語，“在這種條件下將會(huì)?！?，所以用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。故選A。（參見本小節(jié)第小題）3、一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)態(tài)表示過去發(fā)生的事實(shí)或存在的狀態(tài)。與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別是：一般過去時(shí)描述的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在無聯(lián)系；現(xiàn)在完成式強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常有everneveryet,alreadyso farsince ever等副詞、短語作狀語從句。比如：I quickly dressed and left the flat.我迅速穿好衣服后就離開了公寓。He came in, sat down and turned on the television.他走進(jìn)來、坐下來，然后打開了電視機(jī)。I havent had my breakfast yet.我還沒吃早飯呢。過去完成時(shí)態(tài)則表示“在一般過去動(dòng)作之前（過去的過去）”發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。比如：She said she had finished her homework before supper.她說她晚飯前就做完了家庭作業(yè)。真題：1. All the preparations for the task _ and were ready to start. (xx春招)A. pleted B. plete C. had been pleted D. have been pleted 解析：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示preparations已經(jīng)完成。故選D。2. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that. (xx春招)A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seenC. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen 解析：該題考查現(xiàn)在完成式和過去完成式的使用。故選D。3. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. (xx春招)A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 解析：該題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。一般過去時(shí)態(tài)表示“過去的事實(shí)”。故選C。4. My uncle _ until he was forty five. (xx上海) A. married B. didnt marry C. was not marrying D. would marry 解析：“四十歲時(shí)結(jié)的婚”是“過去的事實(shí)”；該句是notuntil結(jié)構(gòu)。故選B。5.How long _ at this job? Since 1990. (xx北京)A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed 解析：“做這份工作有多長時(shí)間了”指“過去”開始的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還有可能向?qū)硌永m(xù)。要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)。故選B。6. How are the team playing? (xx春招)They are playing well, but one of them _ hurt. A. got B. gets C. are D. were. 解析：表示過去的事實(shí)。故選A。7. You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? (xx全國)Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say 解析：表示過去的事實(shí)。故選D。8. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. (xx全國) A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written 解析：writing在過去有無發(fā)生與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系（因?yàn)槲覀冋陉P(guān)心著這件事）；recently也是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的副詞。故選A。9. With the rapid growth of population, the city _ in all directions in the past five years. (03春招)A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread 解析：過去開始的狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還有可能向?qū)硌永m(xù)。故選B。10. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_. (xx全國)A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown 解析：表達(dá)過去的事實(shí)，grow是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。故選C。11. The silence of the library _ only by the sound of pages being turned over. (xx春招)A. has been broken B. breaks C. broke D. was broken 解析：過去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選D。12. The news came as no surprise me. I _ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. (xx北京)A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know 解析：know發(fā)生在came之前。故選A。13. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _it. (xx上海)A. doesnt mention B. hadnt mentioned C. didnt mention D. hasnt mentioned 解析：過去事實(shí)。故選C。14. My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I _ half of it. (xx 全國) A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed 解析：同上。故選D。15. How can you possibly miss the news? It _ on TV all day long. (xx北京)A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be 解析：表示延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。故選A。16. I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy. (xx北京)A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D. wasnt expecting.解析：“沒有想到”是arrived之前的事。故選C。17. I _ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time! (xx北京)A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep 解析：在過去“閱讀”的背景下發(fā)生的一個(gè)事實(shí)。故選C。18. Although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression. (xx 上海)A. hadnt left B. didnt leave C. doesnt leave D. hasnt left 解析：與從句的謂語has lived并列。故選D。19. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50million. (xx福建)A. have reached B. has reached C. are reaching D. had reached 解析：該題既考時(shí)態(tài)又考主謂一致。Sales是主語部分的中心詞，又考慮與前半句的has set對稱、一致。故選A。20. More patients _ in hospital this year than last year. (xx江蘇)A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated 解析：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選D。21. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _ increased enormously ever since. (xx上海)A. is B. was C. has been D. had been 解析：ever since也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志。故選C。22. She _ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job. (xx重慶)A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing 解析：該題中change發(fā)生在came前。但是沒有過去完成時(shí)態(tài)had changed供選擇，故只有選C。語法規(guī)定：當(dāng)不強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某動(dòng)作之前、或讀者一讀到就明白哪個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在前，可以用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)代替過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。23. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. (xx江蘇)A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun 解析：時(shí)間狀語從句描述的還是過去的事實(shí)。故選B。24. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (18471931) _ the world leading inventor for sixty years. (xx遼寧)A. would be B. has been C. had been D. was 解析：表示過去的狀態(tài)。故選D。25. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _ her somewhere. (xx湖北)A. saw B. has been C. sees D. had seen 解析：see應(yīng)該發(fā)生在kept looking之前。故選D。26. George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? (xx湖北)No, I _. Did they have a big wedding? A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite 解析：在did go to their wedding之前沒有得到邀請。故選C。27. I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. (xx湖南)Oh, how nice! Do you know when she_? A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left 解析：問“離開”發(fā)生在過去什么時(shí)候，是一般過去的事實(shí)。故選D。28. The window is dirty.I know. It _for weeks. (xx廣西)A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned 解析：表示從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，有是“被動(dòng)”。故選D。29. How are you today? (xx全國)Oh, I _as ill as I do now for a very long time. A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent felt. 解析：談過去的感受與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系。故選D。30. I _ you not to move my dictionary; now I cant find it. (xx吉林)A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked 解析：該句表示過去的事實(shí)。故選A。4. 過去將來時(shí)： 表示從過去某一時(shí)刻看那以后將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。由 “would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。The weather report said there would be strong winds.辨析：強(qiáng)調(diào)今昔對比用used to do；would do表達(dá)過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,“過去經(jīng)?！?。比如：As soon as she got up in the morning, she would make herself a cup of tea.Charles would always smoke his pipe after dinner.When I was in Australia, she would e to see us on weekends.Now and then he would sit under the tree reading. 真題：What were you doing when Tony phoned you? (xx天津)I had just finished my work and _ to take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting 解析：“我”在Tony給我電話時(shí)就完成了（had finished）作業(yè)，正準(zhǔn)備要去沖涼，所以是過去將來。備選答案中只有was starting(過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))表示過去將來。故選D。5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：a)表達(dá)目前正發(fā)生或存在的短暫性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。比如：Someone is walking towards the house.Bob and I are having golf lessons.2) 少數(shù)表示動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，可表示將來的計(jì)劃，即最近的將來要進(jìn)行的事。（常見的有g(shù)o, e, stay, arrive, leave, start, fly, stop, take等）比如：I am going up to London, cant you see?I am taking my mum to holiday in Florida this summer.3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)如與always, forever, often搭配表示講話時(shí)強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩，表示贊揚(yáng)或責(zé)備的語氣。比如：Tom is doing everything well.John is always chatting in class.注意：時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句里的過去將來時(shí)態(tài)要用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)。真題：1. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. ( xx全國)A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 解析：技術(shù)飛速的發(fā)展是目前正存在的狀態(tài)。故選A。2. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month. (xx春招)A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built 解析：該電影院“正在被建設(shè)”之中。故選D。3. Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I _ my mum. (xx春招)A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken 解析：表示“近期的計(jì)劃打算”，故選A。4. Whats that terrible noise? (xx北京)The neighbors _ for party. A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare 解析：此對話談?wù)摰氖钦诎l(fā)生的事。故選B。5. Because the shop _ , all the T-shirts are sold at half price. (xx浙江)A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down had closed down解析：“工廠正處于倒閉的過程中，還沒有完全倒閉”，進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示現(xiàn)存的狀態(tài)。故選C。6. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：1)常用于背景敘述。表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直發(fā)生著的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。比如：It was raining hard and the traffic was creeping along the high street.2)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以用以描述某事發(fā)生時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或情景。I was working in the garden when there was a stampede.當(dāng)發(fā)生畜群驚跑時(shí)，我正在園里勞動(dòng)。He was working as a teacher when he first met Julia Marsh.真題：1. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. (xx全國) A. was traveling. B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel.解析：過去the reporter看著的時(shí)候正發(fā)生的事。故選A。2. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. (xx北京)Where was I ? You _ you didnt like your fathers job. A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying 解析：此對話問“你剛才說的”，所以要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。故選C。3. You were out when I dropped in at your house. (xx福建)Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited解析：過去dropped in發(fā)生的時(shí)候，wait正發(fā)生或存在著。故選A。4. Has Sam finished his homework