（全國(guó)卷Ⅰ）高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 題型專題突破 二 閱讀理解 第四講 詞義猜測(cè)題課件.ppt

第四講 詞義猜測(cè)題,專題二 閱讀理解,詞義猜測(cè)題是高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題中的一種常見(jiàn)的題型。通過(guò)對(duì)近幾年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題的分析統(tǒng)計(jì)可看出，詞義猜測(cè)題一般有12題。常見(jiàn)的考查方式有：1.直接猜測(cè)某個(gè)詞的含義；2.判斷文中的某個(gè)代詞指代的對(duì)象；3.對(duì)文中的多義詞或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行精確定義；4.對(duì)在文章中的含義進(jìn)行猜測(cè)和判斷。,常見(jiàn)命題形式： 1The underlined word in the second paragraph means “_” 2The word“it/they”in the last sentence refers to “_” 3The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means “_” 4The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to _,1單詞或短語(yǔ)意義猜測(cè)題 對(duì)于考生而言，詞匯量小是制約閱讀理解能力的一個(gè)重要因 素。詞義猜測(cè)題著重考查考生根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義的能力，這也是一個(gè)從“已知”得出“未知”的過(guò)程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是該詞或短語(yǔ)前后的句子)進(jìn)行推理，有時(shí)還需要依靠常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義?？疾榉秶婕皢卧~詞義理解、短語(yǔ)意思理解或代詞指代對(duì)象的確定等。,(2015高考全國(guó)卷，閱讀理解C，節(jié)選)The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，F(xiàn)lorida. 31What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?_ AArtworks. BProjects. CDonations. DDocuments.,A,【解析】 詞義猜測(cè)題。最后一段強(qiáng)調(diào)了對(duì)主要作品進(jìn)行了精選(The fine selection of the major works)，又點(diǎn)明contributions來(lái)自其他機(jī)構(gòu)，所以可推斷出contributions應(yīng)該屬于works的范疇。故選項(xiàng)A正確。,方法點(diǎn)津 七種猜詞技巧 疏通生詞渠道 1根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化、合成、派生等構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行判斷。 掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞法，就不難猜測(cè)出詞義。 2根據(jù)上下文解釋作出判斷。 有時(shí)文章中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)需猜測(cè)其意義的詞或短語(yǔ),下面接著就出現(xiàn)了它的定義或解釋,這是判斷該詞或短語(yǔ)意義的主要依據(jù)。,3根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇。 文章中的代詞it，that，he，him或them可以指上文或下文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指一件事。有時(shí)代詞與其指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn),需要考生認(rèn)真查找;有時(shí)考生需要對(duì)前面或后面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié),才能弄清楚代詞所指代的內(nèi)容。 4根據(jù)同義詞和反義詞猜測(cè)詞義。 利用這種方法猜測(cè)詞義，重點(diǎn)是要抓住文中表示遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ纫饬x的詞語(yǔ)。 5根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。 俗話說(shuō)，有因必有果，有果必有因。根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測(cè)結(jié) 果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。,6根據(jù)同位關(guān)系或定語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行判斷。 閱讀中出現(xiàn)的新詞、難詞，其后往往會(huì)跟著一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句或定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)前面的詞進(jìn)行解釋，有時(shí)這種解釋也用連詞or連接。 7通過(guò)例子來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。 考生通過(guò)歸納文中所舉的例子，可以得出該詞或短語(yǔ)的意 義。常用來(lái)引出所舉例子的提示詞語(yǔ)有such as，for example，for instance，like等。,2句意猜測(cè)題 句意猜測(cè)題通常需要考生猜測(cè)意思的是一個(gè)具有概括性的句子或是格言、諺語(yǔ)等，要求考生通過(guò)閱讀文章，用合適的語(yǔ)句對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋性的描述。,(2015高考浙江卷，閱讀理解D，節(jié)選)They didnt. From day two (everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day)，neither thought to walk the dog.While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots，to schedule her vet appointments，to feed and clean her，Misty knew this on day one.As she looked up at the three new humans in her life (small，medium，and large)，she calculated，“The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”,Quickly，she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld (心靈融合)Shed look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers，beam her need，and then wait，trusting I would understandwhich，strangely，I almost always did.In no time，she became my fifth appendage (附 肢)，snoring on my homeoffice couch as I worked，cradling against my feet as I read，and splaying across my stomach as I watched television.,56Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”(Paragraph 3)? _ A“The middleaged person loves me most.” B“The mediumsized woman is the hostess.” C“The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.” D“The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.”,D,【解析】 句意理解題。根據(jù)前面提到的I would be the one.Misty knew this on day one.可知，在Misty眼里，the medium one就是指作者。再根據(jù)下一段中的Quickly，she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld(心靈融合)可知，很快作者就和狗相處得很融洽了，幾乎達(dá)到了心靈融合的地步，也就是說(shuō)，狗比較相信她的女主人了。故選D項(xiàng)。,方法點(diǎn)津 有些句意理解題要使用推理法，即根據(jù)文章的前后語(yǔ)境推出 句子的意思。針對(duì)此類題，考生首先要理解句子前后的語(yǔ) 境，其次對(duì)此句在文章中的意思進(jìn)行合理的推斷，最后再進(jìn) 行綜合歸納，這樣試題就很容易解答了。,