中考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 常用單詞 詞組用法辨析 第一節(jié)2 動詞類單詞、詞組辨析課件

動詞類單詞、詞組辨析 1. accept， receive【辨析】 receive 通常指被動地“收到”或“接到”，而 accept 則指主動地“接受”。 注意：receive也可表“接受”，如：receive/get a better education，意為“接受更好的教育”。 【舉例】 We havent received his letter for a long time. 我們很久沒有收到他的來信了。 She offered him a lift and he accepted (it). 她請他坐她的車，他領(lǐng)情了。 【演練】( )1. On my twentieth birthday I _ several gifts. A. get B. accepted C. received D. took( )2. He couldnt _ our suggestions but our gifts. A. accept B. receive C. accepted D. expectedCA ( )3. He did not _ a good education at university. A. accept B. receive C. received D. got( )4. She _ his present， but she didnt _ it. A. accepted; receive B. received; accept C. receives; accept D. accepts; receivedBB 2. advise， suggest【辨析】 兩者都是動詞，都表示“向建議”。兩者的區(qū)別在于： advise的固定搭配是advise sb.(not) to do建議某人(別)做；suggest的固定搭配是suggest (sb.) doing或suggest ones doing建議(某人)做。當然它們都可以接賓語從句，但賓語從句的動詞形式必須是(should)(not)do 【舉例】 I advise my father to stop smoking. 我建議我爸爸戒煙。 I suggest my father( fathers)stopping smoking. 我建議我爸爸停止吸煙。 I advise/suggest (that)my father (should)stop smoking. 我建議我爸爸不再吸煙。 【演練】( )1. The doctor advised me _. A. to smoke B. smoking C. dont smoke D. not to smoke( )2. He suggested _ a walk with my grandma. A. took B. to take C. taking D. me to takeDC ( )3. The husband suggested _ to the south, but his wife advised him _ up the idea. A. moving; giving B. to move; to give C. moving; to give D. to move; givingC 3. agree with， agree to【辨析】 agree意為“同意”，其反義詞為disagree。 (1)agree with sb./sth. 表示“同意某人或某人的意見、想法、分析、解釋等 (即持同一觀點)”。 (2)agree to sth. 意為“同意某事”，agree to后接建議、計劃、安排 (suggestion， advice， plan， arrangement) 等。 (3)agree to do sth. (此時to是不定式符號，后接動詞原形構(gòu)成不定式)，意為“同意做某事”。 【舉例】 I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你(的意見)。 He agreed to the plan. 他同意了這個計劃。 We agreed to leave early. 我們同意早點出發(fā)。 【演練】( )1. Do you think he will _ my sugges-tion？A. agree to B. agrees to C. agree with D. agrees with( )2. Her parents both _ what she said. A. agree to B. agreed with C. agrees with D. agreed to( )3. I agree _ swimming tomorrow. A. to go B. to going C. with go D. /ABA 4. be able to，can【辨析】 兩者都表示“能；會”，后面都接動詞原形。be able to有人稱、時態(tài)及數(shù)的變化，可以用于任何時態(tài)。而can沒有人稱或數(shù)的變化，但有一個過去時形式could，相當于was/were able to，也可以表示現(xiàn)在的能力，相當于is/am/are able to。 注意：be able to可以用于不定式；當表示過去通過努力終于做成了某事時要用be able to，而不能用can；表猜測時要用can, 而不能用be able to。【舉例】 He can / is able to speak German. 他會說德語。 I could / was able to dress myself when I was 10 months old. 我十個月時就會自己穿衣服。 Kitty will be able to arrive on time if she runs fast enough. 如果凱蒂跑得夠快，她就能準時到達。 He has not been able to come since he got hurt. 自從受傷以后，他就一直未能前來。 That cant be your bag. 那不可能是你的書包。 【演練】( )1. They will _ tell you the news soon. A. able to B. be able to C. can D. are able to( )2. You _ use my dictionary. Thank you. A. can B. are able to C. were able to D. could BA ( )3. Somebody is knocking at the door. Who _ it be?A. is able to B. could C. can D. cant( )4. I _ swim to the bank after the boat turned over. A. am able to B. can C. was able to D. can able to( )5. Could I borrow your pen? Sure, you _. A. can B. could C. cant D. are able toCCA 5. borrow， lend， keep【辨析】 (1)borrow意為“借進”，borrow sth. from sb./sw. 表示“向某人/從某處借入某物”。 (2)lend意為“借出”，是borrow的反義詞，lend sth. to sb./lend sb. sth. 表示“借出某物給某人”。 (3)keep意為“保留；借”，borrow， lend表示的“借”是短暫性的，而keep表示的是持續(xù)性的。keep sth.時間段表示“借某物多長時間”，常用于完成時態(tài)。 【舉例】 Can I borrow your pen? 我可以借用一下你的鋼筆嗎？ Do you often borrow books from the library? 你經(jīng)常從圖書館借書嗎？ Can you lend me your pen? 把你的鋼筆借給我好嗎？ You mustnt lend it to others. 你一定不要把它借給別人。 He has kept these books for two weeks. 他借這些書兩周了。 How long can I keep the book?這本書我可以借多久？ Two weeks. 兩周。 【演練】( )1. You can _ my iPod for four days. A. lend B. borrow C. keep D. get( )2. Thanks for _ me the money. A. borrowing B. lending C. kept D. lentCB ( )3. Joseph _ his guitar to Betty last Friday. A. lent B. lended C. borrows D. kept( )4. Daisy _ a book from her cousin and she has _ it for three weeks. A. borrowed; lent B. borrowed; kept C. lent; kept D. lends; borrowedAB 6. develop, developing, developed, development【辨析】 (1)develop意為“發(fā)展；開發(fā)”，既是及物動詞，又是不及物動詞。 (2)developing意為“發(fā)展中的”，為現(xiàn)在分詞，起形容詞的作用，表示主動含義。 (3)developed意為“發(fā)達的”，為過去分詞，起形容詞的作用，表示被動含義。 (4)development意為“發(fā)展”，用作名詞。 【舉例】 The child is developing well. 這孩子發(fā)育得很好。 China is a developing country. 中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。 Japan is a developed country. 日本是一個發(fā)達國家。 Education is important to a childs develop-ment. 教育對一個孩子的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。 【演練】( )1. We should _ the students ability to solve problems.A. develop B. development C. developed D. developing( )2. What are your plans for the _ of your company?A. developed B. developing C. develop D. developmentAD ( )3. India is a _ country， while America is a _ one.A. developed; developed B. developing; developingC. developing; developed D. developed; developingC 7. die， dead， death， dying【辨析】 (1)die是瞬間動詞，意為“死；死去”，表示生命的結(jié)束，不能用于被動語態(tài)，也不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。 (2)dead是形容詞，意為“死的”，在句中可以充當定語或表語。 (3)death是名詞，意為“死亡”。 (4)dying可作die的現(xiàn)在分詞，也可作形容詞，意為“奄奄一息的；瀕臨死亡的”。 【舉例】 His father died last week. 上周他父親去世了。 He found a dead bird in the garden. 他在花園里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只死鳥。 His grandpa has been dead for two years. 他的祖父逝世已經(jīng)有兩年了。(注：be dead可以與時間段連用，而die則不可以。此句若用die改寫則為：His grandpa died two years ago. 他的祖父兩年前去世了。) She cried out after knowing her husbands death. 得知她丈夫的死訊后，她失聲痛哭。 The dying man was saved by a kind hearted lady. 那個奄奄一息的男人被一位好心的女士救了。 I think his dog is dying. 我認為他的狗快要死了。 【演練】( )1. Thinking of the _ of my grand-father， I feel very sad. A. dead B. die C. death D. died( )2. Who can save the _ dog？A. dead B. dying C. died D. dieCB ( )3. The poor man _ last night. A. was dead B. is dying C. dead D. died( )4. The cat has _ for two days. A. died B. been died C. been dead D. deathDC 8. die from， die of，die out【辨析】 (1)die from和die of均表示“因而死”，所接賓語均表示死亡的原因。 具體使用時，die of指死于(疾病、感情、饑寒等)自身原因；die from一般指死于(事故、外傷等)外部原因。若死因是環(huán)境影響到體內(nèi)，即兩方面共有的原因，則用of和from均可。 (2)die out意為“(家族、物種等)滅絕；絕跡”。 【舉例】 Mr. Liu died from an earthquake. 劉先生死于一場地震。 Nowadays many people die of cancer. 如今很多人死于癌癥。 Many kinds of animals are in danger of dying out. 許多動物種類都處于瀕臨滅絕的危險中。 【演練】( )1. Miss Lin _ heart disease last spring. A. died of B. died from C. died out D. died down( )2. Human beings may _ one day if they continue to destroy the environment. A. die out B. die of C. die in D. die fromAA ( )3. Each year, many people _ traffic accidents. A. die from B. die of C. die out D. die downA 9. get to， arrive in/at， reach【辨析】 三者均可表示“到達”。get表“到達”時是不及物動詞，后接表示地點的名詞時要與介詞to連用，即“get to地點”。 arrive表“到達”時也是不及物動詞，后接地點名詞時要借助介詞in或at，即“arrive in大地點， arrive at小地點”。reach表“到達”時是及物動詞，后面直接接表示地點的詞。 注意：(1) get， arrive后接表示地點的副詞(如here， there， home等)時，不需要任何介詞作為媒介。 (2) 到達的地點在句中沒有出現(xiàn)時，只能單獨使用arrive。 【舉例】 He got to the stop at 5:00 oclock this afternoon. 他今天下午五點到站的。 He arrived in Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到達了北京。 When he arrived at the stop, the bus had left. 當他到達公共汽車站時，公交車已經(jīng)開走了。 When does the train reach London?火車什么時候到達倫敦？ When I got there, the film had been on for 5 minutes. 當我到那里時，電影已經(jīng)上映五分鐘了。 When did you arrive？ 你什么時候到的？ Three days ago. 三天前(到的)。 【演練】( )1. Sadly we _ the factory five minutes late. A. got B. arrived in C. reach D. arrived at( )2. When did he _ home yesterday？A. arrived B. get to C. reach D. getsDC ( )3. What were you doing when the sandstorm _？ A. arrived B. reached C. got to D. arrived in( )4. The kite is in the tree. Can you _ it?A. get to B. arrive at C. reach D. reach inAC 10. happen， take place【辨析】 兩者都可表示“發(fā)生”。happen 意為“意外、偶然、未能預(yù)見地發(fā)生”，常見搭配有sb. happen to do sth. “某人碰巧做某事”和sth. happen to sb./sth. “某事意外發(fā)生在某人/某事身上”。take place意為“按事先計劃或有預(yù)謀地發(fā)生/舉行”。 注意：與happen搭配的往往是accident， crash， earthquake， tsunami(海嘯)等；與take place搭配的往往是murder， sports meeting， party， celebration， marriage等。此外，happen, take place往往不用于被動語態(tài)。 【舉例】 I happened to meet two foreigners from Argentina on the mountain yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我碰巧在山上遇見了兩位來自阿根廷的外籍人士。 Cindy looks upset these days. What happened to her？ 辛迪這幾天看起來很沮喪。她怎么了？ A horrible murder took place on July 22， 2009. 2009年7月22號發(fā)生了一起可怕的謀殺案。 【演練】( )1. When did the earthquake _？A. take place B. happen C. happening D. took place( )2. In 1919， the May 4th Movement _ in China. A. took place B. happened C. will happen D. was taking placeBA ( )3. Great changes _ in the town since 1998. A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. has taken place D. has been taken place ( )4. I _ to see him on my way home. A. took place B. happened C. happening D. take placeAB 11. have been to， have been in， have gone to【辨析】 (1)have/has been to 強調(diào)“曾經(jīng)去了某個地方，此時人已經(jīng)不在那里了”，后常接次數(shù)，如once，twice，three times等， 也可和just，never，ever等連用。 (2)have/has been in表示“在某地待了多長時間”，常與時間段狀語for/sinceago等連用。 (3)have/has gone to強調(diào) “去了某個地方”，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已經(jīng)在那個地方了，總之不在說話者處， 上下文中往往出現(xiàn)Where is sb.？/Have you seen sb. recently？/sb. will be back in之類的暗示語。 注意：當它們后面接表示地點的副詞(如here， there， home等)時，要省略介詞in， to。 【舉例】 My father has been to Beijing twice. 我父親去過北京兩次。 I have been in Shanghai for three years. 我到上海已有三年了。 Where is Jim？吉姆在哪里？ He has gone to England. 他去英國了。 Youve never been there before， have you？ 你從來沒有去過那里，是嗎？ 【演練】( )1. He _ Beijing. He will come back in ten days. A. has been to B. have gone to C. has been in D. has gone to( )2. How many times have you _ Paris？ Only once. A. been in B. gone to C. go to D. been toDD ( )3. How long have you _ this city？ For more than ten years. A. stay in B. been in C. been to D. come to( )4. Long time no see. Where have you _？ I was on a trip to Australia. A. been B. gone to C. gone D. come fromBA 12. hear of， hear about， hear from【辨析】 hear of與hear about的意思相近，這兩個詞組在英語中有時可以通用。hear of意為“聽說過；聽到；提起某事”，直接指其對象。hear about意為“聽到、得知關(guān)于某人或某事的消息”，比hear of知道得更詳細、具體。hear from通常接表示人的名詞或代詞，意為“收到的信；收到的電報；得到的消息”。 【舉例】 I have never heard of him since he left. 自從他離開后，我再也沒有聽到過他的消息。 Ive just heard about his illness. 我剛聽說他生病的事。 I havent heard from him since he telephoned. 自從那次他來電話后，我一直沒有收到過他的來信。 【演練】( )1. Ive just _ his promotion. A. hear about B. heard from C. hear of D. heard about( )2. We dont know the singer，and weve never _ her. A. heard of B. hear about C. heard from D. heardDA ( )3. How often do you _ your grandmother? Once a month. A. get a letter to B. hear from C. hear a letter from D. write fromB 13. hope， wish【辨析】 兩者都可以作動詞，表示“希望”。hope用作動詞時，后面可接不定式或that從句，但不能接“賓語不定式”(即不能用hope sb. to do結(jié)構(gòu))。wish作動詞時，后面接不定式或“賓語不定式”都可以，wish接 that從句時，一般表示某種強烈而又難以實現(xiàn)的“愿望”，常用虛擬語氣。 注意：(1)wish可表示良好的“祝愿”，后面接“賓語賓補(形容詞或名詞)”，而hope不能這樣用。 (2)在簡略句中，如要表示希望某事不會發(fā)生時，應(yīng)說I hope not，而不說 I dont hope so。 (3)此外，hope和wish都可以作名詞。 【舉例】 I hope to be a doctor.=I hope that I can be a doctor. 我希望我能當一名醫(yī)生。 I hope she will be well again. 我希望她會痊愈。(不能說“I hope her to be well again.”。) I wish I could fly to the moon in a spaceship one day. 但愿有一天我能乘坐宇宙飛船飛向月球。(句中could為虛擬用法，不可用can。) I wish I were you. 但愿我是你就好了。(句中were為虛擬用法。) We wish to visit Yanan. 我希望能參觀延安。 We wish you (to be)happy. 我希望你幸福。 I wish you a long life. 祝你長壽。 He gave up all hope. 他放棄了一切希望。 Thank you for giving me hope. Best wishes to you, too! 謝謝你給我希望。也衷心祝愿你！ 【演練】( )1. What are you going to do when you grow up？A singer， but my parents wish me _ a teacher. A. am B. to be C. will be D. be( )2. I _ youll be better soon.A. make B. get C. hope D. wishBC ( )3. I _ Rachel to be my partner. A. wish B. hope C. expecting D. look forwardA